This book is my attempt at collecting all of my experience and knowledge about (Texturing) and (Materials) in 3DS Max, and offering it to the Arabic reader as the first ever reference concerning this subject. The book contains over 400 pictures and more than 20 detailed tables that serve to clarify and further explain what is presented. I hope that through this book I’ve reached my goal of adding a book specializing in (Texturing) using 3DS max to the masses of Arabic books

1. © 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

2. © 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

3. ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫دﻟﻴﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺎء‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬2014
YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE IN TEXTURING
IN 3DS MAX 2014
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻻول‬.....
‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬...
FIRST BOOK…
FUNDEMENTALS…
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

4. ‫ﻋﻤﺪا‬ ‫ـﺎرﻏﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

5. ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬‫وﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬‫واﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‬:
‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق‬‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ‬,‫وﻻ‬‫ﯾﺠﻮز‬‫إﻋﺎدة‬‫إﺻﺪار‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫أو‬‫أي‬‫ﺟﺰء‬‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬‫أو‬‫ﻧﻘﻠﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫أي‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫أو‬‫ﺑﺄي‬‫وﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬،‫ﺳﻮاء‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬‫أو‬‫ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬‫واﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع‬،‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﺠﻮز‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫)أو‬‫أي‬‫ﺟﺰء‬(‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫أو‬‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﺮھﺎ‬‫أو‬‫اﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬،‫دون‬‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫إذن‬‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺆﻟﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬.
‫ﯾﺮﺟﻰ‬‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬:
-‫ﯾﺠﻮز‬‫اﺧﺘﺰان‬‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬PDF‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﺑﻐﺮض‬‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬‫واﻻطﻼع‬‫واﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬.‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
-‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬‫واﻟﺮﺳﻮم‬‫اﻟﺘﻮﺿﯿﺤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﻣﺼﺮح‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬،‫واﻟﺤﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﺈﻋﺎدة‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮظﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻤﻼﻛﮭﺎ‬
-‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﺠﻮز‬‫ﺗﻮرﯾﺪ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ً‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻌﺎ‬‫أو‬ً‫ﺑﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ﻷي‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎت‬‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬‫أو‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪون‬‫إذن‬‫رﺳﻤﻲ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮب‬‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮاﺳﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ‬‫ﯾﺮﺟﻰ‬‫ارﺳﺎل‬‫اﯾﻤﯿﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ‬
mailto:norasal06@yahoo.com
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

6. ‫اﻫﺪاء‬...‫...وﺷﻜﺮ‬
ٔ
.
‫ء‬ ٔٔ
:
....
....
....‫ء‬
‫اﻫﺪاء‬‫ﺧﺎ‬‫ص‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﺧﻲ‬
...ٔ....
...
ٓ.................
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

7. ‫ـﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻢ‬‫ﷲ‬‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬‫اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ‬‫رب‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ‬‫واﻟﺼﻼة‬‫واﻟﺴﻼم‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺳﯿﺪﻧﺎ‬‫ﷴ‬‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﮫ‬‫وﺻﺤﺒﮫ‬‫اﺟﻤﻌﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬‫راودﺗﻨﻲ‬‫ﻓﻜﺮة‬‫ﺗﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬)‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴ‬‫ــــ‬‫ﺎء‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬(‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬2011,‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﺻﺎدف‬‫ان‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫ﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬2011‫واﻻﺻﺪارات‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
.‫ﻗﺒﻠﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬2011‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪه‬‫ﺗﻢ‬‫اﺳﺘﺤﺪاث‬‫اﻟــ‬)SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR(‫وھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬‫واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬,‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻﺒﺢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﻣﻜﺎن‬‫اﻻن‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬‫ھﻤﺎ‬‫اﻟــ‬)SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR(‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬‫واﻟــ‬
)COMPACT MATERIAL EDITOR(‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﯾﻌﺮف‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻻﺻﺪارات‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎل‬)MATERIAL EDITOR(.‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫وﺟﺎﺋﺖ‬‫ﻓﻜﺮة‬‫اﻧﺸﺎء‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴ‬‫ﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻲ‬‫اﻓﺘﻘﺎد‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﺲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﯾﺸﺮح‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬,‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻓﺒﺪات‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬2011‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫رﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻤﺖ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﺨﺺ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬‫وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻓﻚ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬
...‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻧﻌﺮف‬‫ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ‬‫ان‬‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﻮ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻓﻚ‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﻮ‬‫ا‬‫اﻻﻧﻤﯿﺸﻦ‬‫وﻏﯿﺮھﻢ‬‫ﻣﻤﻦ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺜﺮي‬...‫دي‬
‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ...وﺗﻌﺮﯾﺐ‬‫واﺟﮭﺎت‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺮي‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺠﺪﯾﺔ‬,‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻻن‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫اﻟﺪروس‬‫واﻟﺸﺮوﺣﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬‫واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺨﺺ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻧﺠﺪھﺎ‬‫اﻻ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻻﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬...
‫ﻓﺒﺪات‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ً‫اﺧﺬة‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺮ‬‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬‫ان‬‫اﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫و‬‫ان‬‫اﺿﻊ‬‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﮫ‬‫اﻗﺮب‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬,‫ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬‫وﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫واﯾﺠﺎد‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬,‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫اﺳﺘﻌﻨﺖ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎﻟﯿﻒ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬‫واﻟﻤﺮاﺟ‬‫ﻊ‬‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬
,‫واﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫وﻛﺎن‬‫اﺳﻠﻮﺑﻲ‬‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ان‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫اﻻول‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬...‫واﺳﻤﯿﺘﮫ‬(‫)اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬...‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﺗﻤﮭﯿﺪ‬‫ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫وﻓﯿﮫ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟ‬‫ﮫ‬‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻔﮭﻢ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫واﻟﺨﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫وﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﻌﺰز‬‫ﻓﮭﻤﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬‫وﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬‫رؤﯾﺔ‬‫اﻻ‬‫ﻟﻮان‬
...‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ...ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬
‫وﺳﯿﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬...‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻧﻮاع‬)‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﻮاد‬(‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬...‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫وﯾﻠﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﺜﺎث‬‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻧﻮاع‬(‫)اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮھﺎ‬...‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬(‫)اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻼت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬...‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫وﺳﺎﺷﺮح‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻼت‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬‫...وﻗﺪ‬‫اﻛﻤﻠﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬‫ﺟﺰءا‬‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮا‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬.
‫اﺳﺎل‬‫ﷲ‬‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﻖ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮح‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‬‫وﺳﮭﻞ‬‫وان‬‫ﯾﺒﻠﻐﻨ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮدة‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫وھﻲ‬‫طﺮح‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻋﺮف‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬:‫ﻧﻮرا‬‫اﻟﺼﺎﯾﻞ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

8. ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻟﻜﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬:
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬)‫وﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬(‫ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ذا‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
,‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓﻠﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬‫ﯾﺸﺮح‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻀﺮوري‬‫ان‬‫اﺗﺒﻊ‬‫اﺳﻠﻮب‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫واﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻲ‬:
‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫طﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬‫اﺗﺒﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي‬:
I.‫اوﻻ‬:‫اذا‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﻊ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮﻓﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬:
MODIFY PANEL
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬)‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬(‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫وھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫واﺿﺤﺔ‬‫وﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮح‬‫ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬:
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬)MODIFY PANEL(
II.‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻣﺎ‬‫اذا‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮﻓﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬‫وﻻ‬‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬:
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺬ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮح‬:
SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR
1.‫ﻓﻘﻤﺖ‬‫ﺑﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي‬‫ﻻﻗﺮب‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬‫دﻗﯿﻘ‬)‫ﺎد‬‫واﻻﺑﺘﻌ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮﻓﯿ‬‫او‬‫ﺎت‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺪاوﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮطﮫ‬(‫اﺻﻼ‬‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اول‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬:
‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬:
‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪم‬
‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﺮى‬‫ان‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬)EDITOR(‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﮭﺎ‬ً ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬‫ب‬(‫)ﻣﺤﺮر‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬,‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬‫ان‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫)ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ‬EDIT‫او‬‫ﻣﺤﺮر‬
EDITOR(‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬,‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬‫او‬‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻓﻚ‬‫ﻓﺘﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫وھﻮ‬‫اﻗﺮب‬‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
2.‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻛﺘﺐ‬‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬‫...اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬...‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ‬‫...ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺮف‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫واﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬:
‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪم‬‫)ﺳﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﯾﺘﻮر‬SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR(
3.‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻋﺘﻤﺪ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬‫ﺑﻠﻐﺘﮭﺎ‬‫اﻻﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﺣﺮف‬‫ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺔ...ﻻن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫اي‬‫اﻗﻮم‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬:
‫ﺳﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﯾﺘﻮر‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

9. ‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
i | P a g e
‫اﻟﻔﮭـــــــــــــــــــــﺮس‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼـــﻞ‬‫اﻻول‬...‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬
1(‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠـــــــــﯿﺔ‬‫اﻹﻛﺴـــــــﺎء‬)TEXTURING(
1(‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﺮاﻓﻚ‬‫او‬‫)اﻟﺴﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬CG(‫؟‬2
2(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬‫؟‬2
3(‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣــــــــــــــﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬
4(‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴـــــﺎء‬)TEXTURING(‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬‫؟‬4
a(‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬)TEXTURE(4
b(‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫)ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬MATERIAL(4
c(‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫)ﻣﺎب‬MAP(5
d(‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬‫)ﺷﯿﺪر‬SHADER(9
2(‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤــــــــــــــﺎدة‬
1(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬COLOR‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬:10
‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬‫رؤﯾﺔ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬10
‫ھﻞ‬‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ؟‬11
a(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬DIFFUSE COLOR11
b(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬COLOR AMBIENT11
c(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﺑﻘﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰاﻟﻀﻮء‬SPECULAR COLOR12
‫اول‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬...‫ﻟﻼﺟﺴﺎم‬‫وھﻞ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ؟‬13
2(‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‬‫ﺑﻘﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬SPECULAR HIGHLIGHTS15
3(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺘﻮﻣﺔ‬‫واﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬OPACITY AND TRANSPARENCY18
4(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬‫واﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎر‬REFLECTION AND REFRACTION20
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫س‬ٌ ‫اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎ‬REFLECTION
20
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬)‫اﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎر‬REFRACTION(22
3(‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫وطﺮﻗﺔ‬‫اظﮭﺎرھﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬
‫ﻧﺒﺬة‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬MODELS‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬25
‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬MODEL
25
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

10. ‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
ii | P a g e
‫اﻟﻨﻮرﻣﺎل‬NORMAL‫وﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺎت‬28
‫اﻟﻔﺼـــﻞ‬‫اﻟﺜـــﺎﻧﻲ‬...‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرز‬MATERIAL EDITORS
‫اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرز‬MATERIAL EDITORS(33
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫اوﺟﮫ‬‫اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﮫ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﺎﻛﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرو‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬34
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﺎﻛﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬)‫ادﺗﻮر‬COMPACT MATERIAL EDITOR(35
‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﺎﻛﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬37
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﺧﺎﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬SAMPLE SLOTS)(37
‫اواﻣﺮ‬‫)ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺰر‬‫اﻻﯾﻤﻦ‬‫ﻟﺨﺎﻧﺎت‬(‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬40
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬‫)ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬(‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬MENU BAR42
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬–‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﻻدﺗﻮر‬MODES42
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬–‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬MATERIAL42
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔاﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬-‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔاﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬NAVIGATION44
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬–‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات‬OPTIONS45
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬–‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻدوات‬UTILITIES50
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫)اﻻزرار‬(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﯾﻤﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺎت‬VERTICAL TOOLBAR54
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫)اﻻزرار‬(‫اﻻﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﺳﻔﻞ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺎت‬HORIZONTAL TOOLBAR55
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬::‫اﺟﺰاء‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻢ‬‫اﻗﻢ‬...‫ﺑﺘﺮﻗﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫اﺧﺮ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰئ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻣﺒﺎﻛﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬55
‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﺎﻛﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬56
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫وظﯿﻔﺔ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻدﺗﻮر؟‬56
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻدﺗﻮر؟‬57
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ؟‬59
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫طﺮق‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬60
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿــﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬)SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR(61
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫ﺳﻠﯿﺖ‬)SALTE(‫؟‬61
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫واﻻﺳﻼك‬NODE(‫و‬)WIRES‫؟‬62
‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬‫ﻣﺒﺪا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫واﻻﺳﻼك‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ؟‬62
‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬64
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬MENU BAR65
1.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﻻدﺗﻮر‬MODES65
2.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬MATERIAL MENU65
3.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬EDIT MUNE66
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11. ‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
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4.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬SELECT MENU69
5.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬VIEW MENU70
6.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﯿﺎرات‬OPTIONS MENU70
7.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻدوات‬TOOLS MENU75
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻻدوات‬TOOLBAR76
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬MATERIAL/MAP BROWSER77
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اظﮭﺎر‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬STATUS BAR77
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬:‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻠﺔ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺎ‬. ACTIVE VIEW77
‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬:‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬VIEW NAVIGATION78
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬. PARAMETER EDITOR78
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ‬NAVIGATOR78
‫اﻟﻔﺼـــﻞ‬..‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل/ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬MATERIAL/MAP BROWSER(83
1.‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫او‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬MATERIAL/MAP BROWSER‫(؟‬83
2.‫ھﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬)‫اي‬‫ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ‬‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬2011‫(؟‬85
3.‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﻋﺮض‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬.‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬86
4.‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬‫؟‬87
5.‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ازرار‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮض‬‫ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬88
6.‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬89
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬)‫اﻟـ‬6(‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬91
‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﻨﯿﮫ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬)‫اﻟـ‬6(
1(‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﺧﯿﺎرات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬92
2(‫ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬‫او‬‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬92
3(‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬(GROUPS)‫و‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت‬( LIBRARIES)93
4(‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اوﺗﻮدﯾﺴﻚ‬)AUTODESK MATERIAL LIBRARY(95
5(‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬)SCENE MATERIAL GROUP(95
6(‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﻧﺎت‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟـ‬24)24SAMPLE SLOTS GROUP(96
‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬‫اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬G1‫اﻟﻰ‬G8‫وﺷﺮح‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬97
‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬)G1 TO G8(:98
‫ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ‬‫ﺧﯿﺎرات‬‫اﻟﺰر‬‫اﻻﯾﻤﻦ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎوس‬RIGHT-CLICK OPTIONS MENU101
7.‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎب‬‫ﺑﺮاوﺳﺮ‬117
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12. ‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
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a(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﻧﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﻣﻮاد‬OPEN A MATERIAL LIBRARY117
b(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﻧﺨﺰن‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬SAVE A MATERIAL IN THE LIBRARY118
c(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﻧﻨﺸﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬CREATE NEW LIBRARY118
d(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﻧﻨﺸﺎ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬CUSTOM GROUP119
e(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﻧﺤﺬف‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬DELETE LIBRARY/GROUP119
‫اﻟﻔﺼـــﻞ‬...‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬MATERIAL EXPLORER(
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬MATERIAL EXPLORER(122
‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬‫وﻣﺎھﻲ‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﮫ؟‬122
‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر؟‬122
‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬124
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬:‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬)SCENE PANEL(124
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬:‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬)MENU BAR(125
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻻدوات‬)TOOLBAR(129
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬‫ﻻزرار‬‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬)DISPLAY BUTTONS(130
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬:‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬)COLUMNS(131
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬:‫اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر‬‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬)MATERIAL PANEL(134
‫اﻟﻔﺼـــﻞ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬-‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬)SLATE MATERIAL EDITOR(
‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﯿﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮر‬138
1.‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫وﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬138
2.‫طﺮق‬‫ﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎراﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬143
3.‫طﺮق‬‫ﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬144
4.‫طﺮق‬‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬144
5.‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬‫ﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬145
6.‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻨﺎھﺎ‬147
7.‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫اﺻﻼ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬148
8.‫ﺣﺬف‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬148
9.‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﺗﺤﻮي‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬149
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬150
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

13. ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺖ‬‫ـﺎرﻏﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪا‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

14. © 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

15. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
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‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺼ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬‫اﻻول‬
‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠـــــــــﯿﺔ‬‫اﻹﻛﺴـــــــﺎء‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬)OBJECTS(‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺷﻜﻠﮭﺎ‬‫وﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬‫وﻣﻠﻤﺴﮭﺎ‬‫...وﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬...‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫وﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬)MODEL‫(ﻻي‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫وﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﺤﺎﻛﻲ‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫ﻧﻠﺠﺎ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻟﻼظﮭﺎر‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫او‬)3D PROGRAMS(‫وواﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﺤﺪث‬‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬...‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اھﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬‫ﻟﺠﻌﻞ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﺗﺒﺪو‬‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎءھﺎ‬‫ﺑﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﻻﻋﻄﺎءھﺎ‬‫اﻻﺷﻜﺎل‬,‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫وان‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫ﯾﻜﻤﻦ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬‫واﺣﺘﺮاﻓﻨﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫واﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮه‬.‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺘﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:
1(‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﺮاﻓﻜ‬‫ﺲ‬‫او‬‫)اﻟﺴﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬CG(‫؟‬
2(‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬‫؟‬
3(‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣــــــــــــــﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬)TEXTURING(.
4(‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴـــــﺎء‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬‫؟‬
a(‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬)TEXTURE(
b(‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬)MATERIAL(
c(‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬‫)ﺷﯿﺪر‬SHADER(
‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬‫ﻛﺮاﻓﻜﺲ‬‫او‬‫)اﻟﺴﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬CG(‫؟‬
‫رﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﻗﺪ‬‫ﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬‫ﺳﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬‫او‬)CG(‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮا‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻚ‬‫ﻻي‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﻲ‬...‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺴﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬‫؟‬‫...وﻣﺎ‬‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ‬‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻨﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫ان‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫ﺳﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬)CG(‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬)COMPUTER GRAPHICS‫(وﻣﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ‬,‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬‫ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬)‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬2D,(‫او‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬
)‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬3D.(
‫ان‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻧﺘﺤﺪث‬‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫وھﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬)3DS MAX(‫ھﻮ‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬,‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬‫وھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬‫ﺑﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬)MODELS.(
‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﻨﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﺸﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬)MODELS(‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬)TEXTURES(‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻈﮭﺮا‬‫واﻗﻌﯿﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺎ‬‫واي‬‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬‫او‬‫ﺗﻨﻮي‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﻗﻮم‬‫ﺑﺸﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬‫وﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬‫ﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬)3DS MAX:(
‫ان‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬)3DS MAX(‫ھﻮ‬‫اﺣﺪ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد,وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬‫واﺧﺮاج‬‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫وھﻮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻧﺘﺎج‬‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬‫اوﺗﻮدﺳﻚ‬)UTODESKA(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ,وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬:‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬
‫وﻧﻤﺎ‬‫ذج‬‫ﺗﺨﺺ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة‬‫واﻻﻧﺸﺎء‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻻظﮭﺎر‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬)ARCHITECTURE VISUALIZATION(‫...وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﻻﻟﻌﺎب‬
)GAMES‫(...واﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬)ANIMATION(‫......واﻻﻓﻼم‬‫او‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬‫اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ...واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ...وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬...‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬
‫وﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻣﺒﺪأ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻻوﺗﻮﻛﺎد‬,‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫اوﻻ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اي‬:
CREATE THEN EDIT
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

16. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
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‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻻﺗﻮﻛﺎد‬‫ﻓﯿﺘﻢ‬‫رﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎﺑﻌﺎد‬‫وﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬‫دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اول‬.‫ﻣﺮة‬
‫ﻓﻜﯿﻒ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ؟‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻤﺮ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫اي‬‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻻﻛﻤﺎﻟﮫ؟‬
‫ان‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اي‬‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﯾﻤﺮ‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫ﺑﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬:
1.‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬)MODELING(‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻠﮫ‬
,‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬‫وھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮدا‬‫او‬‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﻣﺸﮭﺪا‬.‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‬
2.‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫واﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮات‬(LIGHTING ,CAMERAS)‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫واﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮات‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫وﺧﺎﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬.‫واﻗﻌﯿﺔ‬
3.‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬)TEXTURING(‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫اﻻزﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﯿﺤﺎﻛﻲ‬‫ﻣﻈﮭﺮ‬‫اﻻﺷﻜﺎل‬‫واﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻲ‬
4.‫اﻟﺘﺼﯿﯿﺮاواﻟﺮﻧﺪر‬)RENDERING(‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬‫اﺧﺮاج‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻠﮫ‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫او‬‫ﻓﺪﯾﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺼﯿﻎ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫ﻧﺤﺪدھﺎ‬.‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
5.‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬)ANIMATION(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫وﻋﻤﻞ‬‫رﻧﺪر‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫اﻓﻼم‬.‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ان‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ان‬‫ﻣﮭﻤﺎت‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫واﺳﻊ‬‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬‫وﻻن‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﯾﺨﺺ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫وﺻﻨﻌﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬‫ذﻛﺮه‬‫ﻛﺘﻤﮭﯿﺪ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ﻓﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬‫اﻟﻠﺬي‬,‫ادرﺟﺘﮫ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬‫او‬‫ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬‫اﺣﺪھﺎ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻻ‬‫ﺧﺮ‬‫او‬
‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫او‬‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ‬‫...اﻟﺸﻲء‬‫اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﺒﺪا‬‫اوﻻ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ...اذ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫اﺿﺎءة‬‫وﻛﺎﻣ‬‫ﯿﺮات‬‫او‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺎت‬‫دون‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬‫ﻻظ‬.‫ﮭﺎرھﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮح‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻤﺮ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬‫:ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮ‬‫ل‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺻﻮرﺗﮫ‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬)‫او‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﮫ‬
(‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬...‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬)TEXTURING,(‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬‫ﺟﻨﺒﺎ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺟﻨﺐ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫وﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫واﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮات‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫واﻟﻨﻘﺸﺎت‬‫ﺷﻜﻠﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺘﺎﺗﻲ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬)LIGHTING(‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬‫ﻛﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬,‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬‫ﺑﻞ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻼزﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ‬‫ﻻظﮭﺎر‬‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬‫واﻟﻈﻼل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫وطﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬
‫واﻧﺘﺸﺎروﺗﺮﻛﺰاﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫او‬‫ﺣﻮﻟﮭﺎ,وﻣﺎ‬‫ﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬‫وﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫وﻋﺘﻮﻣﺔ‬‫او‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫او‬‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﺮه‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬‫او‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﮫ‬,‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﺗﺒﯿﻦ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬,‫وﻻن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻ‬‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﺎﻧﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫وﺗﻮﺿ‬‫ﯿﺢ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻻﺧﺎﻣﺎت‬‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ُﻈ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﮭﺮاﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل‬
‫وﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨ‬‫ﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫وھﻮ‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﯿﯿﺮ‬‫او‬‫اﻟﺮﻧﺪر‬)RENDERING(‫وﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﮫ‬‫ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﺧﺮاج‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺻﻮر‬‫او‬‫اﻓﻼم‬,‫ﻓﺪﯾﻮ‬‫ﻓﯿﺼﺒﺢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻀﺮوري‬‫ان‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼﻮر‬‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻧﻨﻮي‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬,‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﺤﺪد‬‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﻧﺎ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺪى‬‫اﻟﺪﻗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻧﺮﯾﺪھﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮدة‬,‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﺪة‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫رﻧﺪر‬‫اوﻟﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫)اي‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺪادات‬‫رﻧﺪر‬‫واطﺌﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﺴﺮﯾﻊ‬(‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﻛﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺳﯿﺮاﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫...ﻓﺎذا‬‫اﺧﺬت‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫واﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫اﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﺼﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮزﻟﯿﻮﺷﻦ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻻﺧﺮاج‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬...‫ﺻﻮر‬‫او‬‫ﻓﺪﯾﻮ‬‫اذا‬‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬,‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎ‬‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫وﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎل‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﻓﺴﯿﻜﻮن‬‫ﻣﺮورﻧﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻟﺮﻧﺪر‬‫ﻣﺮورا‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬.‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬
‫وﻣـــــــــــﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺮ‬‫ﻛﯿﺰﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬...‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب...ﻓﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء؟‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

17. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
4 | P a g e
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻤﺎھﻮ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬:
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺒﻌﺪ‬‫اﻛﻤﺎل‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫ﻻي‬‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اظﮭﺎر‬‫ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬‫ﻣﺎدﺗﮫ...ﻟﻮﻧﮫ..ﻣﻠﻤﺴﮫ...ﺷﺪة‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﮫ‬‫او‬‫ﻋﺘﻮﻣﺘﮫ...وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻻﺧﺮ,ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫ھﻲ‬)‫اﻟﺼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻔـــــــﺎت‬(‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾـــــــﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬
‫وھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﮭﻤﻨﺎ‬‫د‬‫راﺳﺘﮫ‬.‫ھﻨﺎ‬
‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻻظﮭﺎرھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺑــ‬)‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬TEXTURING(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬.‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫)ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬TEXTURING(‫ﺑﺎﻧﮭــــــــﺎ‬‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﻻظﮭﺎر‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬,‫اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ‬‫ﻓﯿﻌﻄﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼﻮرا‬
‫واﺿﺤﺎ‬,‫ﻟﮫ‬‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫وﺷﺪة‬,‫اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎن‬ً‫ة‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬
‫او‬‫ﺷﺪة‬‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬
‫ﻟﻼﺷﯿﺎء‬‫واﻟﺒﺮوزات‬‫او‬‫اﻟﻨﺘﻮﺋﺎت‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬,‫واﻟﮭﺪف‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻚ‬‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬‫وﻟﯿﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ودرﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺘﻮﻣﺔ‬‫...وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬
‫و‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬)TEXTURING(‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻣﻮادا‬‫او‬)‫ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎﻟﺰ‬MATERIALS(‫و‬‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻄﺎ‬‫او‬)‫ﻣﺎﺑﺲ‬MAPS(‫ﻻﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺗﺼﻮر‬
‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺗﻌﻜﺲ‬‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬,‫طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫ‬‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻼت‬‫او‬‫)اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬SHADERS(‫ﻻﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﺑﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬‫اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎن‬
‫وﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء...وﻛﻞ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫واﻟﻤﻈﻠﻼت‬‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫او‬)OBJECT TEXTURE(,‫وﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬‫ﻋﺪدھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬
‫ﻓﻤـــــــــــــﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬)TEXTURES(...‫و‬‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﻮاد‬‫)ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎﻟﺰ‬MATERIALS...(‫و‬‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫)ﻣﺎﺑﺲ‬MAPS...(
‫و‬‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻼت‬‫)اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬SHADERS(‫؟‬‫ھﺬ‬‫ه‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﻄﺮق‬‫اﻟﯿﮭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮا‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎ‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫اوﻻ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻔﺎ‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬:‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
1.‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨـــﺎﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬)TEXTURE(‫؟‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬)TEXTURE(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻋﺪة‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬‫ﻓﻤﻌﻨﺎھﺎ‬‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﻔﻦ‬‫واﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬,‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﻮف‬‫ﻧﺮﻛﺰ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻮﻣﺎﯾﮭﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻻظﮭﺎر‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫او‬‫اﻟﺜﺮي‬
‫دي‬...‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬‫ﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬‫طﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬...‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮل‬‫ﺑﺎن‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬‫ﺧﺸﺐ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬,‫ﻻﻣﻊ‬‫وﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬‫طﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﺑﺎرز‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
,‫اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻜﺮﯾﺘﯿﺔ‬‫وﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎره‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﻣﻌﺪن‬‫اﺣﻤﺮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻻﻣﻊ‬‫وﻋﺎﻛﺲ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺣﻮﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮ‬‫زرا‬‫ﺳﺤﺮﯾﺎ‬‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺻﻨﻊ‬‫و‬‫وﺿﻊ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻟﻜﻨﮫ‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﻨﺎ‬‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﺻﻨﻌﮭﺎ‬‫وﺗ‬‫ﻌﺪﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرز‬(MATERIAL EDITORS)‫و‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ‬‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬,‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬‫وا‬‫دوات‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﺼﻨﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻧﺮﯾﺪ‬‫وﻣﻦ‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫ﺑﮭﺬه‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺜـــــــــــــﺎل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬:‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اذا‬‫اﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬‫اﻟﺼﺨﺮة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﻛﻤﺜﺎل‬‫...ﻓﻨﺤﻦ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬‫ﻣﻠﻤﺴﮭﺎ‬‫اذا‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺧﺸﻨﺔ‬‫او‬‫ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫وذﻟﻚ‬,‫ﺑﺘﺤﺴﺴﮭﺎ‬‫وﻧ‬‫ﺪرك‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬‫وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬‫ﻟﯿﻨﺔ‬‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬,‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اﻣﺎ‬‫ﺣﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﯿﻌﻄﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﺷﻌﻮرا‬,‫ﺑﻮزﻧﮭﺎ‬‫وﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻮان‬‫وﻣﻮاد‬‫وﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﻟﻨﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
)MATERIAL(‫ﻧﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫اﻛﻤﻠﻨﺎه‬‫ﺛﻢ‬‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﻼزم‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻻﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬,‫ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ‬‫وﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﯿﺔ‬‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬)MAPS(‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫اﻛ‬‫ﺜﺮ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫واﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬‫ﻟﻼﻗﻨﺎع‬.‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
2.‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤــــــــــــ‬‫ﺎدة‬)MATERIAL(‫؟‬
‫ان‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫اﻟﻤــــــــــــﻮاد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻲ‬:‫ھﻮ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻞ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻛﯿﺎن‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫...ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫اﻟﺼﻮره‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬‫ﺟﺬع‬‫ﺧﺸﺐ‬‫وھﻮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻞ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻛﯿﺎن‬‫ھﺬا‬,‫اﻟﺠﺬع‬‫وﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﺘﻘﻄﯿﻌﮫ‬‫ﻟﻦ‬‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬...‫اﻻ...ﻣــــــــﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

18. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
5 | P a g e
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈ‬‫ﺔ‬:‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻤﻠ‬‫ﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة‬‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬‫اﻟﻰ‬TARRSIMKOREST ANDF‫ﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬‫ارﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬150
‫و‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﺮي‬‫دي‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤــــــــــــﻮاد‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم‬‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻞ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﻛﯿﺎن‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫وھﺬا‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﻨﻔﮭﻤﮫ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺣﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اوﺿﺢ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬
‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻼ‬‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨـــﺮاﺋﻂ‬)MAPS(‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬‫ﻣﻠﻤﺲ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬,
‫واﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻧﻘﺸﺎت‬‫وﺗﺼﺎﻣﯿﻢ‬,‫ﻻﺳﻄﺤﮭﺎ‬‫او‬‫اﻋﻄﺎﺋﮭﺎ‬‫اﻧﻄﺒﺎع‬‫ﺑﻌﻜﺲ‬‫او‬‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﺮ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ,وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮات‬
‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻮاع‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫وﯾﻮﻓﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬)TEMPLATES(‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻨﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻧﺮﯾﺪھﺎ...ﻛﻞ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﮫ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرز‬MATERIAL EDITORS(‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫د‬‫اﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫و‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ا‬‫دوات‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬,‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻت‬‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬‫اﻟﺮؤﯾﺎ‬)VIEW PORTS(...‫وﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮ‬‫ﺣﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ‬.‫ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬
3.‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮ‬‫ﯾﻄـــﺔ‬)MAP(‫؟‬
‫اﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫)ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬(‫اﻟﻨﻘﺸﺎت‬‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬‫ﺻﻮر‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬)BITMAPS(‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﻧﺤﺪدھﺎ‬‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬‫وﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫)ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ان‬‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ‬‫او‬‫ﻛﺮوي‬‫او‬‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬.(‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬
‫وھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﺧﺮى‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬,‫ﻓﮭﻨﺎك‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮر‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﺜ‬‫ﺎل‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫ﺧﺎرطﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘﻮﺋﺎت‬‫)اﻟﺒﻤﺐ‬BUMP MAP(‫وﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪ‬‫م‬‫ﺻﻮر‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﮫ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬)BITMAPS(‫)اﺑﯿﺾ‬
(‫واﺳﻮد‬‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘﻮءات‬‫واﻻﻧ‬‫ﺒﻌﺎﺟﺎت‬‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬‫ﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﺑﯿﺾ‬‫واﻻﺳﻮد‬‫واﻟﺮﻣﺎدي‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫,ﻓﯿﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫اﺣﺴﺎس‬‫وھﻤﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺪ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺮﻧﺪر...ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬‫اي‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬‫واﻧﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻞ‬
.‫واﻟﻀﻮء‬
‫وھﻨﺎك‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫اﺧﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﯿﺎ‬‫وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬‫ﻣﺎﺧﻮذة‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬)‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺳﯿﺠﺎرال‬‫ﻣﺎب‬(PROCEDURAL MAP.
‫وھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﺧﺮى‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫ﻟﺬﻛﺮھﺎ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫وﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻮاع‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬‫ُﻌﻄﻰ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻤﻦ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬‫ان‬‫ﻧﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫ﻣﺎدة...ﻓﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬
,‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﻋﺪد‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺣﺼﺮ‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺧﺎرطﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫ﻧﻘﺸﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﻟﺘﺒﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎن‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻣﻦ‬,‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫وﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫وﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺧﺎرطﺔ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫)ﺑﻤ‬‫ﺐ‬BUMP(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫ﻻﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬‫ﺑﺒﺮوز‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻄﺎﺑﻮﻗﺎت...وﻟﻜﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬‫ﻋﺪة‬‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻔﺲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫ﻓﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﻓﯿ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬)CHANNELS(‫ﻓﻠﻜﻞ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫ﻗﻨﺎة‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫...وھﺬا‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺨﺮﯾ‬‫ﻄﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﺑﻠﻮن‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬‫وطﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫)وھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮان‬‫وﺗﻮزﯾﻌﺎت‬
‫اﺧﺮى‬(‫ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

19. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
6 | P a g e
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬:‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة‬‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬‫اﻟﻰ‬PHOTO.FREEBIE://HTTP‫ﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬‫ارﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬150
‫واﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤﻜﻌﺐ‬‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬‫ﺗﻤﺖ‬‫ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺘﮫ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬...‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ‬‫وﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬)‫ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﻨﺎة‬‫اﻟﺪﻓﯿﻮز‬(...‫و‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬‫وﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬)‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫ﺧﺮﯾﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﺮه‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻨﺎة‬‫اﻟﺒﻤﺐ‬(‫ﻻﺿﮭﺎر‬‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮوز‬‫وﺧﺴﻮف‬‫ﺑﺪون‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﺑﻌﺎداﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬.
‫ﻓﻼﻋﻄﺎء‬‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬‫ﻣﻈﮭﺮا‬‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮل‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻨﺎ‬‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﺠﺪار‬TEXTURING...‫ﺑﺨﺎﻣﮫ‬TEXTURE‫ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬...‫ﻣﺎدة‬MATERIAL‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق‬‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻧﮭﺎ‬‫طﺎﺑﻮق‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ادﺧﺎل‬...‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬)MAPS(‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪده‬
‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮﻟﻨﺎ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق,طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮزﯾ‬‫ﻌﮫ‬,‫وﻣﻘﯿﺎﺳﮫ‬‫وﻧ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﯿﻒ‬‫ﺧﺎرطﺔ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬(PUMP MAP)‫ﻟﯿﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﺑﺮوزه‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤﻼط‬,‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬‫ان‬‫ﻧﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﯿﻨﺎ‬‫اﻧﻄﺒﺎع‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﻣﺘﺴﺦ‬‫او‬‫ﻗﺪﯾﻢ‬‫)ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬‫ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﺷﻮب‬(‫او‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮﻛﺄن‬‫اﺣﺪا‬‫ﻗﺎم‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻓﺘﻲ‬)GRAFFITI.(
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

20. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
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‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﯿﺴﺎر‬‫ﺟﺪار‬‫ﻣﺘﺴﺦ‬‫وﺑﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬...
‫وھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺠﺪار‬‫طﺎﺑﻮﻗﻲ‬‫ﻗﺪﯾﻢ‬...
‫وھﺬا‬‫ﺟﺪار‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎت‬...(‫)ﻛﺮاﻓﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬:‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة‬‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬‫اﻟﻰ‬COM.GENEALOGYINTIME.WWW‫ﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬‫ارﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬150
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﮫ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬.
‫ان‬‫اظﮭﺎر‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫واﺣﺪة‬‫ﻗﺪ‬‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﮫ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﺒﺪو‬‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪه‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﺮاءه‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﺒﺴﯿﻄﮭﺎ‬.‫وﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

21. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
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‫وﺑﮭﺬا‬‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻠﺨﯿﺺ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﺴﻂ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫ان‬‫ﺗﺒﺪأ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬)MATERIAL(‫وﯾﻮﻓﺮ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬‫اﻻﻋﺪاد‬‫ﻟﺘﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺒﺪء‬‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬‫,وھﺬا‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﮫ‬‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎ‬‫ﻻﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮھﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟـــــــــﻊ‬:‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻟﻤـــــــــــﻮاد‬‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ﺑﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ‬‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﻣﺜــــــــــــﺎل‬:‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫)اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻰ‬(‫اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ‬‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻛﻤﺎل‬‫طﺎوﻟﺔ‬‫وﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻨﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬‫طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ھﻞ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺧﺸﺒﯿﺔ‬‫ام‬
,‫زﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ)اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻰ‬(‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬‫ﺳﺘﻌﻄﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬‫اﻛﯿﺪة‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

22. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
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‫وھﻨﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ‬‫ﺗﺎﺗﻲ‬‫اھﻤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﮫ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﺑﻤﻮاد‬‫وﺧﺎﻣﺎت‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.‫اﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻛﺴﺎء‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫)ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬(‫داﺧﻠﮫ‬‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫)ﻣﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫ادﺗﻮرز‬(MATERIAL EDITORS‫...ﻓﻠﻤﺎذا‬‫ﺗﻢ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬‫؟‬‫وﻣﺎھﻮ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬.‫ﻗﺎدﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟـــــــــﻊ‬:‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺎت‬‫)اﻟﻤﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎل‬‫أدﺗﻮرز‬MATERIAL EDITORS(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬‫......ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬)33.(
4.‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬‫او‬)‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪر‬SHADER(‫؟‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮة‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ..وظﯿﻔﺔ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬‫ھﻲ‬
‫اﺣﺘﺴﺎب‬‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬‫وﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫...وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫ظﮭﻮر‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬.‫رﻧﺪر‬
‫وﺑﺘﻄﻮر‬‫ﻛﺮوت‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬‫او‬)GPU(‫اﺻﺒﺢ‬‫اﻻن‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬‫اﺟﺮاء‬‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬(‫)اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻜﺮوت‬
‫وﺗﺘﻔﺎوت‬‫اﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬‫ودﻗﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬‫وﻗﻮة‬.‫اﻟﻜﺮت‬
‫وﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﺪل‬‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫)اﻟﺸﯿﺪر‬SHADER(‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬‫اي‬‫ان‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اظﮭﺎر‬‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﯿﻞ‬‫...واﻟﺘﻈﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻧﺘ‬‫ﺎج‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬‫وواﻗﻌﻲ‬‫...وﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫دﻓﯿﻮز‬)DIFFUSE(‫...و‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻣﺒﯿﻨﺖ‬)AMBIENT(‫...و‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﺑﻘﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫او‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﯿﻮﻟﺮ‬)SPECULAR(‫...وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺎﺛﯿﺮات‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﺤﺪﺛﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻨﺎ‬...‫ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﮫ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬‫ﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﯿﻞ‬‫واﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬.
‫وھﺬا‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‬‫ﺟﺪا‬‫ﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪر‬‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﻓﻌﻠﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫...وﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺪرز‬‫واﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ‬
‫وﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻻﺟﺰاء‬‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬.
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

23. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
10 | P a g e
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤــــــــــــــﺎدة‬MATERIAL PROPERTIES
‫ﻟﻨﺄﺧﺬ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮة‬‫ﻓﺎﺣﺼﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﮫ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺳﻮف‬‫ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬‫وﻧﺤﺎول‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬‫وﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬,
‫ﻻن‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬‫وﻓﮭﻢ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫ﺳﻮف‬‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮاﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧﺒﺪأ‬‫ﺑﺼﻨﻊ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬.‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬
‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﮭﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫وﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟﮫ‬‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻤﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮﯾﺔ‬‫)اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮﻛﺮاﻓﻚ‬‫او‬‫اﻟﺴﻲ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬CG(.
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اھﻢ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:
1(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬COLOR‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬:
a(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬DIFFUSE COLOR
b(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬COLOR AMBIENT
c(‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﺑﻘﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰاﻟﻀﻮء‬SPECULAR COLOR
2(‫ا‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬SPECULAR HIGHLIGHTS
3(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺘﻮﻣﺔ‬‫واﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬OPACITY AND TRANSPARENCY
4(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬‫واﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎر‬REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
‫وﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬‫ﺷﺮح‬‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬:
1(‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬COLOR
‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮاﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﺑﺴﻂ‬‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰھﺎ‬,‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺳﻨﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ھﻨﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫او‬‫اﺛﻨﺎء‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﯿﯿﺮ‬)‫اﻟﺮﻧﺪر‬RENDER(‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﻧﻘﺼﺪ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬,‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬
‫وﻟﻔﮭﻢ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻟﻨﺒﺪا‬‫اوﻻ‬‫ﺑﺸﺮح‬‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫رؤﯾﺘﻨﺎ‬‫ﻟﻼﻟﻮان‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬‫؟‬‫وھﻞ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﻧﺮاه‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫؟‬‫ام‬
‫ﺗﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﯾﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬‫ﻋﺪدھﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻮء‬‫و‬‫طﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫؟‬‫وﻣﺎ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت؟...ھﺬا‬‫وﻏﯿﺮه‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮات‬.‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬‫رؤ‬‫ﯾﺔ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬:‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ان‬‫ظﮭﻮر‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اي‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬,‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اذا‬‫اﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﺿﻮء‬‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬‫ﻛﻮاﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻧﻮاع‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﻣﻦ‬,‫ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮان‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬‫اﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬‫وھﻲ‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬:
‫اﻻ‬‫ﺣﻤﺮ‬–‫اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬–‫اﻻﺻﻔﺮ‬–‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‬–‫اﻻزرق‬–‫اﻟﻨﯿﻠﻲ‬–‫اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

24. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
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‫ﻓﺎذا‬‫ﺳﻘﻂ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬‫ﺑﻠﻮن‬‫اﺧﻀﺮ‬,‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺳﯿﻘﻮم‬‫ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫اﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬‫وﯾﻌﻜﺲ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬
,‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮﻓﻘﻂ‬‫وھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬‫اﻟﻌﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎدراﻛﮫ‬‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮل‬‫ﺑﺎن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫اﺧﻀﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬
‫ان‬‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫ﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬‫وﻋﺪم‬‫ﻋﻜﺴﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻮﻧﺎﻏﯿﺮه‬‫...ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﺎت‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫وﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اي‬‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫طﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬.
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة‬‫...اﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﯾﺮﯾﻨﺎ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬‫اﺧﻀﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬
‫ھﻞ‬‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ؟‬
‫ان‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫)اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬(‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ﻟﻮﻧﺎ‬‫واﺣﺪا‬‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬...‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫واﻧﻤﺎ‬‫ﻋﺪة‬‫ﺗﺪرﺟﺎت‬,‫ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬‫ﻋﺪدھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫طﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬,‫ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬.‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎذا‬‫اﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻛﺮة‬‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬‫ﻣﻀﺎءة‬‫ﺑﻀﻮء‬‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬‫..اﺑﯿﺾ‬..‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﺴﯿﻜﻮن‬‫ﻋﺪد‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫اﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬(‫)ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬‫...ھﺬا‬‫ﯾﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬‫واﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﻋﻜﺴﮭﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬.‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫وھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬:
‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫ﻟﻜﺮة‬‫ﺧﻀﺮاء‬‫ﺗﻢ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬3‫دي‬‫ﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻢ‬‫ﺗﺎﺷﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫ﻟﻜﺮة‬‫ﺑﻠﯿﺎرد‬‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

25. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
12 | P a g e
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﯾﻌﻜﺲ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮان‬:
a(‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮن‬‫رﻗﻢ‬)1(‫:ھﻮ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬‫...وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬...(‫)دﻓﯿﻮز‬)DIFFUSE COLOR(‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫دﻓﯿﻮز‬‫ھﻲ‬,(‫)ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮ‬
‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮا‬‫ﻻن‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﯾﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬,‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎھﺎت‬‫وھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫اﺧﻀﺮﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ.ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻌﻜﺴﮫ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬.‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬
b(‫واﻟﻠﻮن‬‫رﻗﻢ‬)2(:‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬...‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬(‫)اﻣﺒﯿﻨﺖ‬)AMBIENT COLOR(‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬‫اﻣﺒﯿﻨﺖ‬‫ھﻲ‬
‫)ﺑﯿﺌﻲ‬‫او‬(‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬‫ﻻﻧﮫ‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬‫ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮا‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﺋﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫اي‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة.ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻛﻞ‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءات‬‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ة‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬(AMBIENT LIGHT)‫واﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬,‫وﻓﻲ‬‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻻﺣﻮال‬‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ھﻮ‬‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬)DIFFUSE COLOR(‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ‬‫ﻏﺎﻣﻘﺔ‬‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬‫ﺷﺪة‬‫اﻻﺿﺎءة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﺧﺮ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ظﺮوف‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫ﻻن‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫ان‬‫ﻟﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺪﻓﯿﻮز‬‫واﻻﻣﺒﯿﻨﺖ‬‫ھﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺎت‬.‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
c(‫اﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻮن‬‫رﻗﻢ‬)3(:‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫...وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬(‫)ﺳﺒﺎﻛﯿﻮﻟﺮ‬)SPECULAR COLOR(‫وھﻮﻟﻮن‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬(‫)اﻟﮭﺎﯾﻼﯾﺖ‬)HIGHLIGHT(‫....وﯾﻜﻮن‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻣﺰﯾﺞ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫وﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫واذا‬‫اﺧﺬﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪرد‬‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬)STANDARD MATERIAL(‫ﻓﺎن‬‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬‫ﺗﺠﺪھﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬)BLINN BASIC
PARAMETERS(‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬:
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

26. ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬–‫اﻻﻛﺴﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬
13 | P a g e
‫ﻣﺪاﺧــــــــــــــﻠﺔ‬...
‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬‫ان‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬)AMBIENT COLOR(‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬‫ﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ‬‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬)DIFFUSE-AMBIENT COLORS(‫واﻧﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬)AMBIENT(
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬:
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬‫رﻗﻢ‬8‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﯿﺒﻮرد‬
‫او‬‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺷﺮﯾﻂ‬‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬MENU BAR‫ﻓﻲ‬‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:
MENU BAR RENDERING ENVIRONMENT…
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS‫واﻋﺪاداﺗﮭﺎ‬‫,وﻣﻦ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬‫ال‬ENVIRONMENT‫ﻧﻐﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬AMBIENT‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫رﻣﺎدي‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬)R=127, G=127, B=127(‫..اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
‫ان‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻻﺳﻮد‬‫اﻟ‬)‫ﺘﺎم‬RGB = 0(‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬‫اذا‬‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮادﯾﻮﺳﺘﻲ‬RADIOCITY‫او‬‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮي‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﺲ‬RAYTRACE‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻻن‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬‫ﻻظﮭﺎر‬‫اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮرة‬‫واﻗﻌﯿﺔ‬‫ﻓﻼ‬‫ﻧﺤﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺷﺪة‬‫اﺿﺎءة‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﯾﺪوﯾﺎ‬.
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اي‬‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺮ‬‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬)SCANLINE RENDERER(‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗﻠﯿﻼ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌ‬‫ﻄﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﻛﯿﺪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻧﻌﻜﺎس‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﻓﻀﻞ‬‫ان‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻣﺎﺑﯿﻦ‬)35‫ا‬‫و‬40(‫ﻟﻼﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
)RED, GREEN, BLUE(
‫وﺗﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬127‫ﻻﻏﺮاض‬‫اﻟﺸﺮح‬‫واﻟﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬‫ﻻ‬‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﻓﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬.‫واﻗﻌﯿﺔ‬
‫اول‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬...‫ﻟﻼﺟﺴﺎم‬‫وھﻞ‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ؟‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬‫وﻗﺒﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﺪء‬‫ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫اي‬...‫ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎن‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪه‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮذج‬‫ھﻲ‬...‫....اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻋﻄﺎ‬‫ؤ‬‫ھﺎ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬‫اﺑﺪا‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ,ﻓﺎن‬‫وظﯿﻔﺔ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﺪ‬‫ﻻ‬
...‫اﻛﺜﺮ‬‫وﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﯿﯿﺮاو‬‫اﻟﺮﻧﺪر‬‫ﺑﺘﺪرﺟﺎت‬‫ﻟﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬...‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ھﺬا‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬‫اﻧﮫ‬‫ﯾﻌﻜﺲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬,‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ﻓﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﺘﺪرﺟﺎ‬‫ت‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬‫وﻣﻦ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫..ﻓﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﻣﺒﯿﻨﺖ‬‫او‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﯿﻮﻟﺮ‬‫وﺷﺪﺗﮫ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﮫ‬‫...وﻟﻤﻌﺎن‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬‫...ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ان‬‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ...وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬.
‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﻼﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮه‬‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬)MODIFY PANEL(‫ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬‫ﯾﻤﯿﻦ‬‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬,‫ﺳﺘﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬‫ﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎراﻻﻟﻮان‬( OBJECT COLOR)‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﻰ‬
‫اي‬‫ﻟﻮن‬‫ﺗﺮﺗﺎح‬‫ﻟﮫ‬‫ﻋﯿﻨﻚ‬.
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL

27. ‫ﻟﻼﻛﺴــــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬
14 | P a g e
‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫وﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫ﻋﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬‫ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎه‬‫...ﻓﻔﯿﮭﺎ‬..‫ﻛﺮﺗﯿﻦ‬‫اﺣﺪاھﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟﻢ‬‫ﻧﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ‬‫اي‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫وﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬‫اﻟﻜﺮة‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮ..اﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻜﺮة‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬‫اﻋﻄﯿﻨﺎھﺎ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪرد‬‫وﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫اﻋﻄﯿﻨﺎه‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ...ﻻﺣﻆ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎن‬‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﯿﻮﻟﺮ‬‫وﺣﺠﻢ‬‫اﻟﮭﺎﯾﻼﯾﺖ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮه‬‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬‫ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪر‬
‫ﻻ‬‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫ھﻲ‬‫اﻻﻟﻮ‬‫ان‬‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ...وواﺣﺪ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﺬه‬‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬‫ھﻮ‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫اﻟﺬي‬‫ﯾﺴﺒﺒﮫ‬‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬‫اﻟﻤﺎر‬‫ﺑﺠﺴﻢ‬‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬‫وﯾﺴﻤﻰ‬)FILTER(‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ..وھﻮ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﮫ‬‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﻣﺎدة‬.‫اﻟﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪرد‬
© 2014 NORAH AL SAYEL