2. Q1)Discuss the necessery preparations to do physical
examination in any patient.
•
• # Preparing Patients for Physical Examination:
• This duty entails the following:
• Escorting patients from the waiting room to the examination
rooms
• Interviewing the patient, including leading a discussion of
medical history and recent tests performed
• Recording the patients’ vital signs
• Measuring the patients’ heights and weights
• Measuring the patients’ blood pressure as needed
• Conducting one’s sel
3. Q2)what is peculiar about abdominal examination as compared to
other systems?
#Abdominal examination is an essential part of all routine physical
examinations and a key step in the evaluation of any abdominal
pathology. After taking a thorough history, a detailed physical
examination is mandatory if no time constraints are present. Even in
emergencies, a brief abdominal examination can help decide
further management. A well-performed abdominal examination can
give multiple clues to the final diagnosis and may greatly decrease
the need for unnecessary laboratory and radiological investigations.
In situations where the diagnosis is unclear, a detailed abdominal
examination can help narrow down the diagnosis and help order
focused investigations. This helps decrease the physician’s time,
energy, and resources and subjects the patient to decreased mental
stress and hospital costs.
4. *The order of physical assessment techniques
usually occur in the following order: inspection,
palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Use
them in sequence—unless you're performing an
abdominal assessment. Palpation and
percussion can alter bowel sounds, so you'd
inspect, auscultate, percuss, then palpate an
abdomen.
5. •
• 3)what are the most basic questions you need to ask in a patient presenting with
chronic cough anf what are the appropriate physical examination techniques to help
you reach the diagnosis?
•
• Your doctor will start by taking a detailed medical history and asking about the
nature of your cough; when it gets worse, when it gets better and if you are having
additional symptoms. If your cough is associated with other symptoms such as fever,
chest pains, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, coughing up blood or having difficulty
breathing it will likely require further tests. Commonly these include blood tests,
sputum (mucus) tests, imaging tests such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, spirometry or a
methacholine challenge test.
•
• To help your doctor get a proper diagnosis, it may be a good idea to prepare the
following information in advance:
•
• When did your cough start?
• Do you have any allergies or cough triggers?
• Have you been in close contact with people with any respiratory infections such as
common cold, tuberculosis, pneumonia or whooping cough?
• What medical illnesses do you have?
• Do you smoke cigarettes or marijuana? Do you vape? Do you use drugs?
6. •
• Did your cough start with an illness or a lung infection?
• Do you cough all of the time, or only during or after activity?
• Do you cough after meals?
• What time of the day is your cough the worst?
• Do you cough up mucus? If so, what color is the mucus? Is it thick and viscous, or is it thin and
runny? How much mucus do you cough up? Is there any blood?
• Do you have chest discomfort with your cough?
• Do you experience wheezing with your cough?
• Have you had a fever recently?
• Have you lost weight recently?
• Do you ever have night sweats?
•
• Treating Cough
• The treatment of your cough depends on its cause. Luckily, the vast majority of coughs are
caused by mild upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold, and so they will go
away on their own. If a cough doesn't go away though, the cause may be more serious and a
doctor should be consulted.
•
• Over-the-counter medication can help decrease symptoms of an upper respiratory infection,
while more serious conditions such as COPD or asthma exacerbations usually require inhalers
and other treatment. The use of cough drops, hard candy or honey can help soothe dry cough
and sore throat. A vaporizer or a steamy shower can help decrease nasal congestion and
soothe the throat and airway that are chronically irritated from persistent coughing.
7. •
• If your cough is caused by allergies or a specific irritant, avoid or reduce your
exposure to it. Smoking can also be an irritant so avoid secondhand smoke
and quit smoking if you are a smoker.
•
• 4)In a patient presenting with extremity weakness ,What are the steps to do
appropriate the steps to do appropriate physical examination?
• In the physical examination, the physician should objectively document the
patient's loss of strength, conduct a neurologic survey, and search for
patterns of weakness and extramuscular involvement. If a specific cause of
weakness is suspected, the appropriate laboratory or radiologic studies
should be performed.
•
• 5)Discuss the different spleenic maneuvers to palpate spleen.
• Palpation for splenic enlargement should begin with the patient supine and
with knees flexed. Using the right hand, the examiner should begin well
below the left costal margin and feel gently but firmly for the splenic edge
by pushing down, then cephalad, then releasin
