3. Abstract
Evaluating the performance of a Machine learning model is one of the
important steps while building an effective ML model. To evaluate the
performance or quality of the model, different metrics are used, and these
metrics are known as evaluation metrics. The choice of evaluation metric
depends on the type of problem being solved, as well as the relative
importance of different types of errors. In this Seminar, I am going to
discuss about evaluation of different Machine Learning Algorithms in
Predicting Diabetes Mellitus for classification problems. I am taking help of
a research paper in which different Machine Learning Algorithms are used
for predicting Diabetes Mellitus to elaborate the evaluation metrics.
4. Introduction
• SIM stands for - Subscriber Identity Module.
• In general these sim card acts as a bridge/portal between a mobile device & a network operator.
• It is a piece of plastic that slots into your smartphone(Mobile phone) which helps you to connect
to a mobile network and lets you to make calls, send/receive messages.
• Every sim card has some private information stored in it.
(IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
• All physical sim card has some unique IMSI number stored in it.
• IMSI number (It is of 13-14 digits).
• This Unique number helps the subscriber to connect to the network provider.
• Apart from IMSI number, a sim card also stores some data related to network operator &
authorization.
4
5. EVOLUTION OF SIM
CARDS
• Smartphones are becoming slimmer day by day.
The main strategy of any smartphone company is
to minimize the size of existed components & add
some other new features to them, like :
Increase the display screen of mobile.
Increase the quality of the camera.
Embed IR sender & receiver within a mobile.
Increase the durability of a mobile phone.
5
6. 6
• All the above features can be implemented if and only if the size of pre-existed
components is minimized like decrease the size of the sim card. Removal of
the headphone jack.
• Size of SIM card was reduced over the past 25-years.
• One of the Evolutionary step is the introduction of E-SIM.
• A nano Sim is 40x smaller than Full size sim card.
• An E-sim is 30x smaller than the nano sim.
• This E-sim saves 90% of space compared to nano sim(Including the SIM slot
and contacts)
7. E-SIM
• The term E-SIM stands for Embedded-SIM card, sometimes it is also called as
eUICC (embedded Universal Circuit Card).
• So this E-SIM is soldered on the motherboard of devices, which means it comes in
the form of integrated SIM chip that cannot be removed from a device.
• Therefore, we can say that an E-Sim is a non removable SIM hardware integrated in
the device.
• All E-SIM's works on the basis of up growing technology Cloud computing.
• This means an E-sim is capable of downloading the Network operator/Service
provider profile from the cloud.
8. 8 20XX
• This is the E-Sim revolution
Allowing users to connect any device to any service provider, with just a few
clicks.
Allowing to transfer the E-SIM profile over the air to the device.
Allowing the subscriber to get rid of old physical SIM cards.
9. 9 20XX
SIM vs E-SIM
SIM E-SIM
• It is removable
• Comes in various sizes
• You have to order a new SIM card every time
if you want to change carrier/Service provider
• If your phone gets damaged you can move
SIM to other mobile & use (Standard, Mini,
Micro, Nano)
• It is not removable
• Comes as a part of the phone (or) mother
board
• You can simply activate the plan and carrier
you like right from your phone
• If your phone gets damaged you loose your
SIM as well as contacts in it.
10. 10 20XX
APPLICATIONS
Reliable machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is easy for successful Internet of
Things (IoT) applications.
They also apply to a large variety for mobile devices that send and receive data -
ranging from mobile phones to connected cars.
Highly secure Soldering the SIM directly onto the circuit of the device makes it nearly
impossible for anyone tampering the device to remove the SIM for misuse.
11. 11 20XX
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Changing the operator will be faster.
High secure when compare to normal
sims.
Easily trace the thief who tampers the sim
or sim fraud.
Roaming to disappear
Every time you want to
use a new device you’ll
have to activate the SIM
card through the
software of that device.
You can’t just pull out
the SIM
12. 12 20XX
Conclusion
• The development of E-SIM had a great impact on the Electronics Industry,
many devices (like smartwatches...,) are coming with E-sims built-in.
• This E-SIM revolution is the future, which may last for some generations.
13. Conclusion:
“ In this Seminar, we learned about evaluation metrics for
classification and also saw its importance in model
evaluation as we did for diabetes mellitus. Also discussed
how evaluation metrics are used to measure the
performance of machine learning models. Different machine
learning algorithms are compared and analyzed based on
various performance evaluation techniques like accuracy,
sensitivity, precision, F1-score, Specificity and ROC_AUC.
The obtained classification results demonstrate that the
machine learning method Gaussian Process (GP) gives
more accurate prediction and better performance than other
methods discussed. Still, some of the other methods used
such as Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF) and
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) provide exemplary results
compared to other studies available in the existing
literature. ”20XX
