SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 16
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
DEFINITION OF
TERMS and
IMPORTANT
PERSONALITIES
Antoine Lavoisier
• K n o w n a s t h e
“ F a t h e r o f M o d e r n
C h e m i s t r y ” .
Democritus
• P r o p o s e d a n A t o m i c
T h e o r y ( a l o n g w i t h h i s
m e n t o r L e u c i p p u s )
w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t a l l
a t o m s a r e s m a l l , h a r d ,
i n d i v i s i b l e a n d
i n d e s t r u c t i b l e p a r t i c l e s
m a d e o f a s i n g l e
m a t e r i a l f o r m e d i n t o
d i f f e r e n t s h a p e s a n d
s i z e s .
Jabir Ibn-Hayyan(Geber)
• T r a n s l a t e d t h e p r a c t i c e s
a n d A r i s t o t e l i a n t h i n k i n g
o f t h e G r e e k s a n d w r o t e
e x t e n s i v e l y o n h o w m e t a l s
c a n b e p u r i f i e d . C a m e u p
w i t h t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f
a c i d s s u c h a s n i t r i c ,
h y d r o c h l o r i c a n d s u l f u r i c
a c i d s , a s w e l l a s a q u a
r e g i a ( n i t r o - h y d r o c h l o r i c
a c i d ) .
Ernest Rutherford
• S t u d i e d r a d i o a c t i v i t y
a n d c o n c l u d e d t h a t i t
o c c u r r e d d u e t o
c h a n g e s o n a
s u b a t o m i c l e v e l , o r
c h a n g e s w i t h i n t h e
a t o m i t s e l f .
J.J. Thomson
• P r o p o s e d t h e P l u m
P u d d i n g M o d e l a n d
p u b l i s h e d t h e i d e a
t h a t e l e c t r i c i t y w a s
i n p a r t i c l e s t h a t
w e r e p a r t o f t h e
a t o m .
Niels Bohr
• P r o p o s e d t h a t t h e
e l e c t r o n s e x i s t e d
o n l y a t f i x e d
d i s t a n c e s f r o m t h e
n u c l e u s a t s e t
“ e n e r g y l e v e l s , ” o r
q u a n t a .
John Dalton
• P r o p o s e d a n A t o m i c
T h e o r y w h i c h s t a t e s
t h a t a l l s u b s t a n c e s a r e
m a d e o f a t o m s ; a t o m s
a r e s m a l l p a r t i c l e s
t h a t c a n n o t b e
c r e a t e d , d i v i d e d , o r
d e s t r o y e d .
Dmitri Mendeleev
• A r r a n g e d t h e
k n o w n e l e m e n t s
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r
p r o p e r t i e s a n d i n
o r d e r o f
i n c r e a s i n g a t o m i c
m a s s .
Dmitri Mendeleev
• Known as the
Father of the
Periodic Table.
Erwin Schrodinger
• E x p l a i n e d t h e n a t u r e
o f e l e c t r o n s i n a n
a t o m b y s t a t i n g t h a t
t h e e x a c t l o c a t i o n o f
a n e l e c t r o n c a n n o t b e
s t a t e d ; t h e r e f o r e , i t i s
m o r e a c c u r a t e t o v i e w
t h e e l e c t r o n s i n
r e g i o n s c a l l e d
e l e c t r o n c l o u d s .
Alchemy
• D e r i v e d f r o m t h e
A r a b i c / G r e e k w o r d
a l k ī m i y ā o r “ t h e a r t o f
t r a n s m u t i n g ” p o p u l a r
i n t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d
b e c a u s e o f A r i s t o t l e ’ s
i d e a s o n t h e e l e m e n t s
a n d t h e t e c h n i q u e s
d e v e l o p e d b y o t h e r
c i v i l i z a t i o n s .
Protoscience
• A n u n s c i e n t i f i c f i e l d
o f s t u d y w h i c h l a t e r
d e v e l o p e d i n t o r e a l
s c i e n c e ( e . g . a s t r o l o g y
t o w a r d a s t r o n o m y a n d
a l c h e m y t o w a r d
c h e m i s t r y ) .
Atomism/Atomic Theory
• T h e i d e a t h a t t h i n g s
a r e m a d e u p o f m u c h
s m a l l e r t h i n g s t h a t
c a n n o t b e c h a n g e d
n o r d i v i d e d a s
p r e s e n t e d b y
L e u c i p p u s a n d
D e m o c r i t u s .
Bigbang Theory
• A c o s m o l o g i c a l
t h e o r y , n o t f r o m
b e l i e f , b u t f r o m
s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n c e
t h a t t h e u n i v e r s e o n c e
b e g a n t o e x p a n d a n d
c o n t i n u e s t o e x p a n d
u n t i l t o d a y .
Atomic Nuclei/Nucleus
• T h e p o s i t i v e l y
c h a r g e d c e n t r a l c o r e
o f a n a t o m , c o n s i s t i n g
o f p r o t o n s a n d
n e u t r o n s a n d
c o n t a i n i n g n e a r l y a l l
i t s m a s s .

More Related Content

More from NimrodCabrera2

More from NimrodCabrera2 (9)

PR2_DLL Week 4.docx
PR2_DLL Week 4.docxPR2_DLL Week 4.docx
PR2_DLL Week 4.docx
 
Oral-Comm-Q1-week4.docx
Oral-Comm-Q1-week4.docxOral-Comm-Q1-week4.docx
Oral-Comm-Q1-week4.docx
 
SEPTEMBER LITURGY.docx
SEPTEMBER LITURGY.docxSEPTEMBER LITURGY.docx
SEPTEMBER LITURGY.docx
 
noun-activities.pptx
noun-activities.pptxnoun-activities.pptx
noun-activities.pptx
 
PHRASES, CLAUSES,SENTENCES.pptx
PHRASES, CLAUSES,SENTENCES.pptxPHRASES, CLAUSES,SENTENCES.pptx
PHRASES, CLAUSES,SENTENCES.pptx
 
Family Business.pptx
Family Business.pptxFamily Business.pptx
Family Business.pptx
 
EsP8PPt-day2.pptx
EsP8PPt-day2.pptxEsP8PPt-day2.pptx
EsP8PPt-day2.pptx
 
Welcome.pptx
Welcome.pptxWelcome.pptx
Welcome.pptx
 
Classroom Rules.pptx
Classroom Rules.pptxClassroom Rules.pptx
Classroom Rules.pptx
 

DEFINITION OF TERMS.pptx

  • 2. Antoine Lavoisier • K n o w n a s t h e “ F a t h e r o f M o d e r n C h e m i s t r y ” .
  • 3. Democritus • P r o p o s e d a n A t o m i c T h e o r y ( a l o n g w i t h h i s m e n t o r L e u c i p p u s ) w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t a l l a t o m s a r e s m a l l , h a r d , i n d i v i s i b l e a n d i n d e s t r u c t i b l e p a r t i c l e s m a d e o f a s i n g l e m a t e r i a l f o r m e d i n t o d i f f e r e n t s h a p e s a n d s i z e s .
  • 4. Jabir Ibn-Hayyan(Geber) • T r a n s l a t e d t h e p r a c t i c e s a n d A r i s t o t e l i a n t h i n k i n g o f t h e G r e e k s a n d w r o t e e x t e n s i v e l y o n h o w m e t a l s c a n b e p u r i f i e d . C a m e u p w i t h t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f a c i d s s u c h a s n i t r i c , h y d r o c h l o r i c a n d s u l f u r i c a c i d s , a s w e l l a s a q u a r e g i a ( n i t r o - h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d ) .
  • 5. Ernest Rutherford • S t u d i e d r a d i o a c t i v i t y a n d c o n c l u d e d t h a t i t o c c u r r e d d u e t o c h a n g e s o n a s u b a t o m i c l e v e l , o r c h a n g e s w i t h i n t h e a t o m i t s e l f .
  • 6. J.J. Thomson • P r o p o s e d t h e P l u m P u d d i n g M o d e l a n d p u b l i s h e d t h e i d e a t h a t e l e c t r i c i t y w a s i n p a r t i c l e s t h a t w e r e p a r t o f t h e a t o m .
  • 7. Niels Bohr • P r o p o s e d t h a t t h e e l e c t r o n s e x i s t e d o n l y a t f i x e d d i s t a n c e s f r o m t h e n u c l e u s a t s e t “ e n e r g y l e v e l s , ” o r q u a n t a .
  • 8. John Dalton • P r o p o s e d a n A t o m i c T h e o r y w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t a l l s u b s t a n c e s a r e m a d e o f a t o m s ; a t o m s a r e s m a l l p a r t i c l e s t h a t c a n n o t b e c r e a t e d , d i v i d e d , o r d e s t r o y e d .
  • 9. Dmitri Mendeleev • A r r a n g e d t h e k n o w n e l e m e n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r p r o p e r t i e s a n d i n o r d e r o f i n c r e a s i n g a t o m i c m a s s .
  • 10. Dmitri Mendeleev • Known as the Father of the Periodic Table.
  • 11. Erwin Schrodinger • E x p l a i n e d t h e n a t u r e o f e l e c t r o n s i n a n a t o m b y s t a t i n g t h a t t h e e x a c t l o c a t i o n o f a n e l e c t r o n c a n n o t b e s t a t e d ; t h e r e f o r e , i t i s m o r e a c c u r a t e t o v i e w t h e e l e c t r o n s i n r e g i o n s c a l l e d e l e c t r o n c l o u d s .
  • 12. Alchemy • D e r i v e d f r o m t h e A r a b i c / G r e e k w o r d a l k ī m i y ā o r “ t h e a r t o f t r a n s m u t i n g ” p o p u l a r i n t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d b e c a u s e o f A r i s t o t l e ’ s i d e a s o n t h e e l e m e n t s a n d t h e t e c h n i q u e s d e v e l o p e d b y o t h e r c i v i l i z a t i o n s .
  • 13. Protoscience • A n u n s c i e n t i f i c f i e l d o f s t u d y w h i c h l a t e r d e v e l o p e d i n t o r e a l s c i e n c e ( e . g . a s t r o l o g y t o w a r d a s t r o n o m y a n d a l c h e m y t o w a r d c h e m i s t r y ) .
  • 14. Atomism/Atomic Theory • T h e i d e a t h a t t h i n g s a r e m a d e u p o f m u c h s m a l l e r t h i n g s t h a t c a n n o t b e c h a n g e d n o r d i v i d e d a s p r e s e n t e d b y L e u c i p p u s a n d D e m o c r i t u s .
  • 15. Bigbang Theory • A c o s m o l o g i c a l t h e o r y , n o t f r o m b e l i e f , b u t f r o m s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e u n i v e r s e o n c e b e g a n t o e x p a n d a n d c o n t i n u e s t o e x p a n d u n t i l t o d a y .
  • 16. Atomic Nuclei/Nucleus • T h e p o s i t i v e l y c h a r g e d c e n t r a l c o r e o f a n a t o m , c o n s i s t i n g o f p r o t o n s a n d n e u t r o n s a n d c o n t a i n i n g n e a r l y a l l i t s m a s s .