Inorganic mineral supplements and vitamin supplements used in nutraceutical preparations

1. NUTRACEUTICALS
INORGANIC MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS

2. • Def. - “A Nutraceutical is any substance that is
a food or a part of food which provides health
benefits, including the prevention and
treatment of diseases.’’

3. INORGANIC MINERAL SUPPLEMENT
Our body requires mineral elements for a variety of
functions. They are also known as micronutrients.
MINERALS are inorganic and are found in rocks and
soil. Plants absorb minerals as they grow, while
animals digest it through their diet.

4. Inorganic mineral supplement
 Calcium
 Iron
 Magnesium
 Phosphorus
 Cobalt
 Copper
 Iodine
 Chromium
 Selenium
 Zinc

7. VITAMINS
Group of organic
comp. essential for
normal growth and
nutrition
Required in
small quantities
in the diet
They can not be
synthesised in the
body.
Vitamins are
needed for normal
cell function,
growth and
development.

9. TYPES OF VITAMINS
In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B
vitamins and vitamin C).
• FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – They are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the
help of lipids (fats).
• WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS – They are not stored in the body ; therefore they
need to be replenished daily. They easily dissolve in water and are readily excreted
from the body.
SOURCES OF VITAMINS
For the most part, vitamins are obtained from the diet, but some are acquired by
other means: for example, microorganisms in the gut flora produce vitamin K and
biotin; and one form of vitamin D is synthesized in skin cells when they are exposed to
a certain wavelength of ultraviolet light present in sunlight. Humans can produce some
vitamins from precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is synthesized
from beta carotene; and niacin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.
PURPOSE OF VITAMINS
Each vitamin is typically used in multiple reactions, and therefore most have multiple
functions. They are essential nutrients for the healthy maintenance of the cells,
tissues, and organs that make up a multicellular organism.

11. Sources of Vitamins

12. Vitamins and minerals as a short-term
measure
1) Taking vitamin and mineral supplements should
be viewed as a short-term measure.
2) Vitamin supplements cannot replace a healthy
diet.
3) The long-term use of some high-dose
supplements can lead to symptoms of toxicity.
4) If you feel that you could be lacking in certain
vitamins and minerals, it may be better to look at
changing your diet and lifestyle rather than
reaching for supplements.

13. Vitamin and mineral supplements can
be toxic in high doses
Taking higher than recommended doses of some vitamins and
minerals may cause problems.
For example:
 Large intakes of fluoride (especially in childhood) may stain,
and even weaken, the teeth.
 Toxicity of iron can cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea and
black bowel actions. Severe toxicity can lead to coma and
even death.
 Doses of vitamin C above one gram can cause diarrhea.
 High doses of vitamin A may cause birth defects, as well as
central nervous system, liver, bone and skin disorders.