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- 2. HISTORY OF DIAMOND The story of the modern diamond market really begins on the African continent, with the 1866 discovery of diamonds in Kimberley, South Africa. Entrepreneur Cecil Rhodes established De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited 22 years later, in 1888. By 1900, De Beers, through its mines in South Africa, controlled an estimated 90 percent of the world’s production of rough diamonds.
- 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS About diamond Formation of diamond extraction of diamond Extraction of diamond from rough diamond Types of diamond Shape and size of diamond Diamond market Reference
- 4. ABOUT DIAMOND Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. Diamond is extremely rigid. Most natural diamonds have aged between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years. Most were formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometres (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometres. Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.
- 5. DIAMOND FORMATION OCCURS WHEN CARBON DEPOSITS DEEP WITHIN THE EARTH(APPROXIMATELY 90 TO 125 MILES BELOW THE SURFACE) ARE SUBJECT TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. SOME STONES TAKE SHAPE IN A MATTER OF DAYS OR MONTHS, WHILE OTHERS TAKE MILLIONS OF YEARS TO MATERIALIZE. FORMATION OF DIAMOND
- 7. METHODS OF DIAMOND MINING: EXTRACTION OF DIAMOND PIT MINING. ALLUVIAL MINING. MARINE MINING. UNDERGROUND MINING.
- 12. CRUSHING: DIAMOND-BEARING ORE AND GRAVEL IS COLLECTED AND TRANSFERRED TO A PRIMARY CRUSHER, WHICH HELPS REDUCING LARGE PIECE OF ORE INTO SMALLER PIECE. SCRUBING: IN THE SCRUBBING STAGE, THE PIECES OF ORE ARE SCRUBBED IN ORDER TO REMOVE ANY LOOSE EXCESS MATERIAL ATTACHED TO THEM, AND ARE THEN SCREENED. CYCLONIC SEPARATION PLANT: A SOLUTION COMPRISING FERROSILICON POWDER AND WATER IS MIXED TO A SPECIFIC DENSITY, AND MIXED WITH THE DIAMOND-BEARING ORE. ONCE MIXED, THE SOLUTION IS INSERTED INTO A CYCLONE. RECOVERY: HERE IT SEPARATE THE ROUGH DIAMONDS FROM THE OTHER HEAVY DENSITY MATERIALS THAT WERE COLLECTED IN THE CYCLONE SEPARATION PLANT. CLEANED, WEIGHED AND PACKAGED: THE DIAMONDS COLLECTED IN THE COLLECTION BOX ARE THEN CLEANED IN AN ACID SOLUTION BEFORE BEING WASHED, WEIGHED AND PACKAGED FOR TRANSPORTATION.
- 13. Your paragraph text Extraction of diamond from rough diamond Planning a Rough Diamond Cleaving/ Sawing a Rough Diamond Mechanical Bruting to “Round” the Roughs Inspecting the Polished Diamond (Quality Control) Polishing the Diamond Facets
- 14. In the planning stages, the cutter will figure out the best possible shapes of the diamond in order to minimize waste and maximize the yield of the rough stone. Planning a Rough Diamond
- 15. These laser cutting machines take care of the sawing, shaping, blocking, and 4-in-1 process and cut pre-planned rough diamonds . Cleaving/Sa wing a Rough Diamond
- 16. After the diamond is split, bruting is then performed to make the separated rough stones round. This is process is also known as girdling. Mechanical Bruting to “Round” the Roughs
- 17. Polishing the Diamond Facets Once the rounded shape of the rough is formed, the next stage is to create and form the facets of the diamond. The cutter places the rough on a rotating arm and uses a spinning wheel to polish the rough. This creates the smooth and reflective facets on the diamond.
- 18. The last stage is the inspection process. This is where the diamond is checked to make sure it meets the specifications set out by the manufacturer. Inspecting the Polished Diamond
- 19. TYPES OF DIAMOND
- 20. FOUR MAIN TYPES OF DIAMOND I3. I1. diamonds will not be eye-clean and you should be cautious of any seller offering them. I2 and I3 diamonds are not suitable for use in fine jewelry. I1 clarity grade is assigned by gemological laboratories (such as GIA and AGS) when the diamond has inclusions that can be seen easily at 10X magnification
- 21. SI1. VVS. Diamonds at this level will have flaws that are easily seen by the 10x magnifier, in some cases the flaws can be seen instantly with just the naked eye. Stands for very very slightly included Incredibly microscopic inclusions that are difficult even for a trained grader to see under 10x magnification
- 22. SHAPE AND SIZE OF DIAMOND
- 25. DIAMOND MARKET The global diamond market size was valued at USD 94.96 billion in 2021. It is projected to reach USD 139.91 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.4% during the forecast period (2022–2030). A diamond is a rare mineral that forms when carbon is exposed to extreme pressure for millions of years. The wholesale market, diamonds are priced per unit of weight, referred to as "per carat." Updated Sunday, January 1, 2023, diamond prices moved LOWER by an average of 7.7% in December 2022. The average price per carat of all diamonds in our database was $11,460.76, down from $12,413.84 a month ago .
- 26. The diamond supply is projected to decrease by 16% by 2023. Diamonds are also good for investment. Diamonds are alsoAccording to a well known diamond trade organization the ideal diamond for investment is a Round Brilliant from 1.01 to 1.49 carat, D-H in color and from IF (internally flawless) to VS2 (very slightly included) clarity.