Hai all, Here I have attached the topic of "diamond" presentation. About diamond's history, how it is created and its benefits, economy growth of a diamond, GDP of India compared to other countries, Where the diamond is found initially?. Pie chart of the diamond value around the various countries. How the diamond is made, what are all the materials to create a diamond, where it is famous, what type of diamond is famous in this world?. Contribution for diamond in India. Which family started a diamond as a business and the year also I explained and How the diamond is currently valued : using four stages the diamond is valued. that is CUT,CARAT,CLARITY, COLOR. Some additional factors about diamond. Everything covered in this presentation. I think it will be useful for you all. Thank You

2.  Diamond is a solid form of pure carbon with its atoms
arranged in a crystal and most popular gem stone.
 Diamond is a valuable commodity.
 It is a stone with a range of colors that is more often
value for its colorlessness.
 The word “DIAMOND” derived from the Greek
“ADAMAS” which means untameable (invisible).

3.  Extreme pressure and heat : Diamonds
are formed deep underground, about 150-
250km beneath the earth’s surface. Here
they subjected to intense pressure(50,000
times the pressure at the sea level) &
scorching temperatures (around 1,000°C
to 1,300°C).
 Carbon Crystallization : Under these
extreme conditions, the carbon atoms in
the rock rearrange themselves into a
unique crystal structure called a cubic
lattice. This specific arrangement is what
gives diamonds their incredible strength
and brilliance.

4.  Volcanic Eruption : Millions of years after
their formation, diamonds travel to the surface
via volcanic eruptions. Kimberlite, a special
type of volcanic rock, carries diamonds up
through the Earth's crust in pipe-like
formations.
 Mining & Recovery : Once diamonds reach
the surface, they can be mined from kimberlite
deposits. Modern mining techniques involve
advanced machinery & technology to safely
extract diamonds from the rock.
 Cutting & Polishing : Rough diamonds are
then cut & polished to reveal their full
brilliance. Skilled artisans use specialized
tools & techniques to bring out the diamond’s
inherent beauty and maximize its sparkle.

5.  The natural diamond is first discovered in
caves in INDIA nearly 4000 years ago. Still,
billions of years had passed from when they
were formed to this pivotal moment of
discovery.
 A Sanskrit manuscript from 320-296
BCE, authored by a northern Indian
minister, holds the earliest documented
reference to a diamond.
 India was the only place where diamond
mined.
 India is not been a major diamond-producing
country since the 1900.

6.  Some diamonds began to appearing in the 13th century
in European lands.
 Then the diamonds are mined around 25 countries.
 In medieval period (1200-1800 CE) diamond mining
takes place by placer mining in the drainages of the
Pannar river, Krishna river, Godavari river in modern of
Andhra Pradesh state.
 After the development of diamond faceting, diamonds
became more and larger prominent by the 16th century.
 These beautiful stones gradually started dominating
small jewels by the 17th century and the larger ones by
the 18th century.

7.  The kwiat family’s pursuit of diamonds began in the early 20th century with
Sam kwiat who was one of the founding fathers of New York’s diamond
industry in 1907.
 He never imagined that his passion would take hold for generations to come.
Together with his son, David, they grew a small family shop into a diamond
legacy.
 The city’s diamond industry started with a small group of Jewish immigrants
who traded stones amongst each other and supplied jewelers with gems.
They started given each stone for $1.
 In 1965 he purchased a 126 carat rough diamond, one of the largest of the
time. He proceeded to cut it into an exceptional 50 carat stone christened the
“Teardrop of Africa,” which Harry Winston soon acquired.
 Kwiat was a De Beers sight holder, it means that purchased diamonds
directly from the source, then cut, polished and supplied diamonds to the
trade as well as producing unbranded diamond jewelry. Still the industry is
running in New York.

8.  Diamond cutting and polishing : World leader in cutting
and polishing rough diamonds,60% of the global volume
and 70% of the global value. The industry employs millions
of skilled workers, in surat, generates substantial revenue
through exports.
 Foreign exchange earnings : Accounting for
approximately 8% of total merchandise exports. This helps
stabilize the country’s currency and boost its trade balance.
 Entrepreneurship and small business : Small and
medium sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in cutting,
polishing, trading and jewelry manufacturing. This creates
jobs and encourages entrepreneurial activity.

10. In 1939 Partnership with the Gemological Institute of America, De Beers
devises the industry’s first universal diamond grading system the
4Cs ; Cut, Color, Clarity, carat.
CUT : It refers to the proportions and symmetry of the diamond,
and it significantly impacts its brilliance and sparkle. A well-cut
diamond will reflect light efficiently, maximizing its fire and beauty.
COLOR : Most diamonds are white or near-white, some rare colored
diamonds, like yellow, pink, blue, can be incredibly valuable. The
intensity and evenness of the color influence its worth.
CLARITY : It refers to the presence or absence of internal flaws and
scares. Flawless diamonds are the rarest and most valuable, while
diamonds with visible inclusions will have a lower price tag.
CARAT : It measures the diamond’s weight, with larger stones
generally being more valuable than smaller ones.

11.  GLEAM : Some diamonds exhibit a faint blue glow under
ultraviolet light. While not necessarily harmful, some buyers
may prefer stones with no gleam, potentially impacting
value.
 SHAPE : Round diamonds are more popular and higher
prices, but fancy shapes like princess, emerald, pear can
also be valuable depending on demand on specific
characteristics.
 CERTIFICATION : Gemological Institute of America(GIA)
provide independent assessments of a diamond’s 4 Cs.
Increases the value and provide trust to the buyer.
 MARKET TRENDS : Consumer demand, economic
conditions and supply chain disruption.

12.  Over 75% of the world's polished diamonds, gems,
and jewelry are exported by India.
 The industry contributes 5% to India's GDP & provides
employment to more than 5 million individuals, and it's
expected that this will rise to 8.23 million by 2024.
 Surat, commonly known as the “DIAMOND CITY OF
INDIA” is a precious gem located within the state of
Gujarat.