This document provides a summary of economic, financial, demographic, and environmental indicators in Poland from 1995 to 2015. It analyzes trends in GDP per capita, industrial production and wages, stock market performance, government budgets, population size and structure, gender wage gaps, employment by sector, and environmental impacts. Key findings include that Polish GDP per capita doubled over this period but remains below Western European levels, unemployment fell significantly, and women's workforce participation increased substantially.
Productivity and GDP per capita growth: A long-term perspective, Bergeaud, Ce...
Final Portfolio | Nghia-Piotr T Le
1. Into the Arms of Europe:
Visualizing the Changes in Polish Economic, Financial, Demographic, and other Indicators
1995-2015
Sources: Bloomberg Terminal L.P. | Główny Urząd Skarbowy | OECD | World Bank
By: Nghia-Piotr Trong Le
For: Public Policy 646 | Data Visualization
2. 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000
Austria
Belgium
Czech
Republic
Germany
Denmark
Spain
Estonia
Finland
France
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Latvia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Slovak
Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
GDP Per Capita in 2015
{Swedish GDP per Capita Grew by 24,221.94 USD
Polish Per Capta GDP in 2015 - $26,210
Slightly larger than Lithuania’s
Half the size of Ireland’s.
Between 1995-2015,
Polish Per Capita grew by $18,564.
Slightly more than Italy’s,
Half the rate of Ireland’s.
}
GDP Per Capita in OECD and EU Countries (1995-2015)
Per capita measures depict population adjusted measures of national production.
Source: OECD | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
3. 2,000
4,000
6,000
0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000
Employment Within the Industries
Wages
ProductioninUSD
Mining and Quarrying
Manufacturing
Electric, Gas and Water Supply
TypeofIndustrial
Production
1994 and 2008
50,000
100,000
PolishIndustrydidnotexpandemployment
butitboostedwages,onavg.,byafactorof5.
Wages in 1994 were low due to the hangover
from Balcerowicz’s Shock Therapy.
Changes in the Levels of Industrial Production,
Employment, and Wages Paid.
Wages and Industrial Production Accounted in Current Prices
Source: Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
4. Pomeranian
Warmian-Masurian
Podlaskie
Lublin
Subcarpathian
Masurian
Świętokrzyskie
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
West Pomeranian
Greater Poland
Łódź
Silensian
Lesser Poland
Lower Silensian
Opole
Lubusz
Percentage Decrease in Voivodeships’
Budgets
0 3 6 9 12
Pomeranian
Warmian-Masurian
Podlaskie
Lublin
Subcarpathian
Masurian
Świętokrzyskie
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
West Pomeranian
Greater Poland
Łódź
Silensian
Lesser Poland
Lower Silensian
Opole
Lubusz
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0
Percentage Increase in Voivodeships’
Budgets
Polish Voievodeships’ Change in Budget(1995-2014)
A Voievodeship is the way Poland divides its regional administration . Akin to American States
Not Inflation Adjusted.
Source: Główne Biuro Statystyczne | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
6. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Inflation Rate (CPI)
Short Term Interest Rates
Unemployment Rate
{At this point every 6 months
prices of goods went up by 18%
Relationship Betwee the Inflation Rate, Short Term Interest Rates,
and Unemployment Rate (1992-2014).
1992 marked the tail end of the Balcerowicz Plan which was inteded to shock the economy from a Communist system to a Capitalist system.
This plan lead to the stabalization of the Polish Economy and allowed it to transition into the European Union in 2004.
This graph showcases the impact of the plan on Monetary Policy, Unemployment, and Inflation)
Source: OECD | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
In 2004 Poland
Joined the European Union
Polish inflation dips
below European Union’s
and remains around that level The Great Recession Begins
7. 1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
ValueoftheWIG20Index
Year
Composition of the WIG 20 Index
By Industry type and Value of the Stocks in the Index (as of April 1st, 2016)
PKOBP
PEKAO
BZWBK
MBANK
ALIOR
PGE
PGNIG
TAURONPE
ENERGA
ENEA
PKNORLEN LOTOS
PZU
LPP CCC
CYFRPLSAT
ASSECOPOL
ORANGEPL EUROCASHKGHM
Banking
Energy
Oil and Gas
Insurance
Retail
Mining
Media
Technology
Telecommunications Consumer Goods
Top 95th
percentile
in variance
Bottom 95th
percentile
in variance
50 Day
“Simple
Moving
Average”
Poland Joins
the EU May 1st, 2004
The Great Recession
Begins in the US
December 2007
Beginning of the
EuroZone Debt Crisis
Late 2009
Poland Passes a
New Constitution
on April 2nd, 1997
The European Monetary Union
Agrees on the First Package
Bailout for the Greek Economuy
April 11, 2010
European Stock Markets
Begin to Suffer
Heavy Falls due to
Economic Uncertainty
Mid-2011
Poland Elects a
Controversial
Right-Wing Government
October 2015
Performance of the Polish WIG 20 Stock Index
The 50 Day Simple Moving Average smooths out small scale volatility and gives a better view of the trends and forces.
The 95th percentile ranges showcase the overall volatility in the same 50 Day window as the Simple Moving Average.
Source: Bloomberg Terminal, L.P.and Giełda Papierów Wartościowych | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
8. Germany’s DAX Index US Dow Jones Industrial Avg. US S&P 500 UK FTSE Polish WIG 20
100
200
300
400
500
600
−5.0 −2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 −5.0 −2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 −5.0 −2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 −5.0 −2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 −5.0 −2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0
StockIndexPerformance(Indexed1995=100)
Relative Index Values | Standard Deviations away from a 50 day Simple Moving Average
Normalized Stock Market Performances and Variances (1995-2016)
WIG 20 is a Polish stock market capitalization-weighted index Poland’s 20 largest companies
Daily index data was normalized to 100 pegged to the first day available in 1995.
Each data point is also compared to the 50 Day Simple Moving Average to depict the level of volaitlity relative to its localized average.
Source: Bloomberg Terminal, L.P. | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
2016
1995
2005
2011
2002
9. 5
10
15
1-year 2-year 3-year 5-year 10-year 15-year 20-year 30-year
Bond Tenor at Issue Date
BondYieldatIssueDate(inpercentages)
Yield Curves
BeforePolandEnteredtheEU
AfterPolandEnteredtheEU
YieldCurveontheday
PolandEnterstheEUonMay1st,2004
{
YieldCurvesforPolishBonds(1995-2015)
Thehighertheyieldcurvethemoreexpensiveborrowingisfor
thePolishgovernment.
Wecanseethat beforePolandenteredtheEuropeanUnionitwas
veryexpensiveforthegovernmenttoborrowmoney.
Futhermore,wascanseethatonlyrecentlyhasthegovernmentbeen
issueingbondsofalongertenor.
Thismaymeanthattheinvestorsintheglobalbondmarket
aremorewillingtoinvestinPolandandhavemoretrustinthecountry’ssolvency.
Source: Bloomberg Terminal, L.P. | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
10. Canada
China
Czech Republic
Germany
France
Hungary
Mexico
Poland
Slovak Republic
United States
100,000
10,000,000
1,000,000,000
1995 2014
Years
LoggedPopulationNumbers
1,364
319
125
80.9
66.7
38
35.5
10.5
9.86
5.42
Population in 2014
PolishPopulation≈California’s
Overall,thesizeofthe
PolishPopulationdidnotchange.
Logged Populations (1995-2014)
Data was logged to provide greater insight into relative population sizes.
Source: World Bank | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
11. 0−4
5−9
10−14
15−19
20−24
25−29
30−34
35−39
40−44
45−49
50−54
55−59
60−64
65−69
> 70
3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
AgeGroups
WorkingAgePopulation
This is an important
trough in the
population piramid.
Generational balance can
become a concern for the
Polish welfare state.
Many Poles are approaching
retirement age indicating
future pressures on the
Polish social welfare system.}
This difference between the male and female
population for 70+ year olds is due to the Second World War.
Female Population Male Population
Polish Demographic Pyramid (1995-2014)
Source: Główny Urząd Statystyczny | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
2014 Population Pyramid
1995 Population Pyramid
{1995:22.3Million
2014:24.8Million
12. Austria
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Switzerland
Czech Rep.
Germany
Denmark
Spain
Finland
France
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
JapanKorea
Mexico
Norway
New Zealand
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
SwedenUSA
35%
40%
45%
50%
60 70 80 90 100
Women’s Income as a Percentage of Men’s Income
(Not adjusted for Education, Hours Worked)
WomenasaPercentageofTotalWorkforce
Relationship Between the Average Gender Wage Gap and Female Workforce Participation
This graph gives us a glance at gender equality in the various labor markets tracked by the OECD.
Source: OECD | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
Per Capita GDP: $23,310
Women Are 44.51% of the Workforce
On Average Polish Women make
89.38% of Polish Man’s Salary
GDP Per Capita
20,000
40,000
60,000
Asia
Europe
North
America
Per Capita GDP: $51,368
Women Are 46.97% of the Workforce
On Average Women in the U.S. make
80.91% of a Man’s Salary
This is the line of best fit of the
relationship between the gender
ratio and the income inequality
between genders
13. Gender Ratio in each Polish Voivodeship in 2014
Source: Główny Urząd Statystyczny | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
This line indicates a 1:1 gender ratio.
Lower Silesian
Kuyavian-Pomeranian
Łódź
Lublin
Lubusz
Lesser Poland
Mazovian
Opole
Subcarpathian
Podlaskie
Pomeranian
Śląskie
Świętokrzyskie
Warmian-Masurian
Greater Poland
West-Pomeranian
PopulationofMen
PopulationofWomen
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
There are
230,329 more
women than men
in Mazovia.
Śląskie Voivodeship as a
1:1.072 male to female ratio.
}
Lower Silensia has
1.4 million men and
1.5 million women.
Overall, Poland has a
1.06:1 gender ratio.
14. Changes in Type of Employment by Sex and Sector 1995-2014
Source: Główny Urząd Statystyczny | By: Nghia-Piotr T Le
The 20 years between 1995 and 2014 Polish women accounted for 36.2 % of the increase in
the employed labor force in Poland.
The 20 years between 1995 and 2014 Polish menaccounted for 63.8 % of the increase in
the employed labor force in Poland.
1995 2014
Women
Men
Employed
Polish
Population
38.5Million
38.6Million
14.8
15.9
8.16.7
8.87.1
3.8
1.4
1.5
5.2
1.2
0.73
1.8
3.3
2.9
1.1
3.7
4..
Women’s Agricultural
workforce fell by 50% over
the span of 20 years.
As Polish
women joined the
workforce, most of them
joined the Service industry.
In 1995 20.1% of working
women were employed in
the Industrial sector.
In 2014 the proportion went down to 16.5%
Industrial sector’s share
of total male employment in
Poland remained roughly
the same 41% in ‘94
and 41.8% in 2014.
Polish men also moved
towards working at the
Service industry. Albeit at
lower rates than women have.
Similarily to the women,
Polish men also left
Agriculture for jobs in other
sectors, causing the share of
employment to fall by 40.6%.
15. Canada
Czech
Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Mexico
Poland
Slovak
Republic
United States
−5
−2
−1
0
1
2
3
4
5
10
12.5
Energy Use Per Capita
(1995-2014)
% Population Exposed to Pollution
levels exceeding WHO Guidelines
(1995-2013)
Methane Emissions
(1995-2012)
CO2 Emissions
(1995-2011)
Agricultural Nitrous Oxide
(1995-2008)
China
ChangeinEnviromentalImpact
meth(StandardDeviationsfromtheMeans)
Poland oscillates around the
world average in the changes
in its enviromental impact.
In 2013, 99.9% of Poles were
exposed to Pollution levels
exceeding WHO Guidelines.
China increased its
methane emissions by
more than 12.5 standard
deviations above
the avg. global change.
Average Change: 206.9
Standard Deviation: 1702.6
Average Change: 0.81
Standard Deviation: 17.8
Average Change: 7165.2
Standard Deviation: 51500.5
Average Change: 0.29
Standard Deviation: 3.03
Average Change: 2.29
Standard Deviation: 10.66
Initial values for each of the indicators was transformed into
the standard deviations from the mean to represent the
relative changes in the enviromental impact indicators.
On average the whole world emitted more greenhouse gases
and consumed more energy per capita.
Source: World Bank | By Nghia-Piotr T Le
Changes in the Value of Enviromental Impact Indicators
