3. Jens Martensson
• We would like to utilize the opportunity to thank ICAI and Ghazipur Branch
for providing us this chance to explore our presentation skills through this
project. We would also like to express our gratitude towards our teachers at
ICAI IT training branch without their guidance this project would not have
been possible. We are further grateful to all those helped us for the
successful completion of this project.
5. Jens Martensson
What is Operating System?
Main Function of Operating System
Types of Operating System
History of Linux?
History of Windows?
Components of Windows & Linux
Basic comparison between Linux & Windows
Kernel Level comparison between Linux & Windows
Differences in Memory Management
Advantage/Disadvantage of Linux?
Advantage/Disadvantage of Windows?
GUI and Hardware Difference
Conclusion
6. Jens Martensson
• An Operating System (OS) is a software, consisting of an
integrated set of programs that controls computer resources and
provides common services for efficient execution of various
application software with an interface or virtual machine that is
more convenient to use.
• In short, we can say that operating system is an interface
between hardware and user.
• Eg. of Hardware-CPU, memory, I/O devices
12. Windows 2.0
9th
December
1987
• Allows application windows to overlap
• First version to integrate the control panel
On March 17, 1988, Apple filed a
lawsuit against Microsoft and HP,
accusing them of copying the
Macintosh System.
Apple lost.
15. Windows 7
22nd
October
2009
• Support for virtual hard disks, better multi- core processors
performance, and kernel
• Improved touch and handwriting recognition
Intended to address criticisms
faced by Windows Vista, such
as performance improvements
Blackcomb
16. Windows 10 2015
• Return of ‘Start’ button, a virtual desktop system,
integration with Windows Phone
• Device dependent interface
incorporated
Microsoft's intelligent
personal assistant Cortana
Threshold
17. Jens Martensson
• Linux built by Linus Torvalds
• University of Helsinki in 1991.
• Based on UNIX.
• Open Source Operating System.
• Free Software.
• Source Code Available to all.
• Runs on a wide range of hardware.
18. Jens Martensson
• Suse
• Fedora
• Redhat
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• CentOS
• Linux Mint
• Elementary
OS
20. Jens Martensson
V1.0
• Allowed Multi-programming – multiple programs run at the same
time.
• Virtual Memory management supported
March
1994
Linux is highly backwards
compatible, so if a program
worked in any version of Linux
it will work on all versions of
Linux.
21. Jens Martensson
V2.0
• Restructured memory management and improvements in
task scheduling
• Improved SCSI support
June
1996
Increased networking protocols.
network file systems were also
added.
22. Jens Martensson
V3.0
• Better handling of virtualization systems
• Btrfs data scrubbing and automatic defragmentation
July
2011
Not a major change in kernel
concept, but started a new
version number to mark the 20th
anniversary of Linux
23. Jens Martensson
• Slackware is oriented toward simplicity and software purity
• Provides no graphical installation procedure
July
1993
Developed by:
Patrick Volkerding
24. Jens Martensson
A) Kernal - Kernal is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all major
activities of this operating system
B) System Library - System libraries are special functions or programs using
which application programs or system utilities access Kernal’s Features.
C) System Utility – System Utility programs are responsible to do specialized,
Individual level tasks.
27. Jens Martensson
BASIS LINUX WINDOWS
COST Free of cost Expensive
OPEN SOURCE Yes No
CUSTOMIZABLE Yes No
SECURITY More secure Vulnerable to viruses and
malware attacks.
BOOTING Either primary or
logical partition.
Only primary partition.
28. Jens Martensson
BASIS LINUX WINDOWS
Company / developer Linus Torvalds and the
Linux
community.
Microsoft
Update method Many ways Windows Update
Default user interface Gnome, KDE or many
other desktops
Graphical (GUI)
Source model Free Software / Open
Source
Closed source
29. Jens Martensson
BASIS LINUX WINDOWS
Support Windows offers a large range of
support services, both within the
system and online. There is also
comprehensive specialist
literature available aimed at
users with various levels of
knowledge.
Linux support comes from the
extensive user community. You
can find an answer to almost
every problem in the online
forums and Wikis.
Software Most software released is
compatible with Windows.
There are far fewer applications
designed specifically for Linux,
although some Windows
programs can run on Linux.
30. Jens Martensson
BASIS LINUX WINDOWS
Reliability Although the stability of
Windows has improved in
recent years, most Linux
distributions are still far
superior in this respect.
Linux and its distributions are
known for being very stable to
run.
Speed Windows is known for slowing
down the longer it is used.
Linux generally runs very
quickly.
31. Jens Martensson
• Core of the operating system.
• First program of operating system that is loaded into the main memory
to start the working of the system.
• Act as bridge between application software and hardware of the system.
• Classified as Monolithic kernel and Microkernel.
• Windows has a microkernel.
• Linux has a monolithic kernel.
32. Jens Martensson
BASIS MICROKERNAL MONOLITHIC KERNAL
Address space In microkernel user
services and kernel
services are kept in
separate address
space.
In monolithic kernel, both
user services and kernel
services are kept in the
same address space.
Size Smaller. larger.
Execution Speed Slow. Fast.
Extendible easily extendible. hard to extend.
33. Jens Martensson
Security If a service crashes,
it does affect the
working of
microkernel.
If a service crashes, the
whole system
crashes in monolithic
kernel.
Code To write a
microkernel, more
code is
required.
To write a monolithic
kernel, less
code is required.
Efficiency Effective running
efficiency.
Lower than Linux.
34. Jens Martensson
DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY MANAGEMENT
The difference is, in Windows, 2GB of upper & lower parts of physical
memory are allocated for kernel-mode & user-mode respectively.
• But in Linux, only 1GB of upper & lower parts of physical memory is
allocated for kernel-mode & user-mode respectively.
36. Jens Martensson
• GUI is an interface that allows users to interact with
different electronic devices using icons and other visual
indicators.
• The graphical user interfaces were created because
command line interfaces were quite complicated and it
was difficult to learn all the commands in it.
40. Jens Martensson
•Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or
SoC.
•RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit.
•Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-
bit OS.
•Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0
driver.
•Display: 800 x 600.
Hardware Requirements For WINDOWS 10
41. Jens Martensson
Hardware Requirements For LINUX
• The hardware requirement for Linux depends on the
distribution we want to install.
• For example, Redhat Linux requires at least a Pentium III
CPU, 512 MB of RAM, and 10 GB of hard disk space.
• Ubuntu 20.04 requires atleast a 2GHz single core processor,
2GB of RAM, and 10 GB of hard drive space.
43. Jens Martensson
ADVANTAGES OF WINDOWS
– User-Friendly Interface
The user interface created by the windows
operating system on the computer screen is
quite user friendly when compared to other
operating system such as Linux and MAC.
– Support Plug and Play Feature
In windows operating system, most hardware
drivers are preinstalled which makes it to offer
plug and play feature.
44. Jens Martensson
– Provide Software
Development Support
For software developers,
windows operating system is
most convenient. This is
because Linux users cannot
create application to run on
windows operating system.
– Pre-Installed on Many
Devices
Windows has wide usage
hence it is pre-installed on
many devices.
45. Jens Martensson
DISADVANTAGES OF WINDOWS
– Security Concerns
Windows operating system is relatively unsafe
against security threats. Therefore, hackers can
easily penetrate into the system by breaking its
security layer.
– Paid Software
The application software run on windows
operating system are paid. User need to pay if
he want to use windows operating system.
46. Jens Martensson
• Poor Technical Support
Windows customer support is very poor for most
windows users. Windows support team provides
technical support service only to some large
organisations.
• Need of system Rebooting
In windows operating system based computer
systems, when we load server applications and
programs simultaneously , the system start to slow
down and may hang up. In such situations, we need
to reboot the system.
51. Jens Martensson
• Linux and Windows both Operating systems have their advantages and
disadvantages.
• Windows is simple to use but is not free.
• Whereas Linux is free, open source, customizable but kind of complex
for the users having no programming background.
52. Jens Martensson
• Windows has the support for most of the ‘popular Applications’.
• Linux is more secure than windows.
• But for a “normal” user, Windows is the most user-friendly
Operating System.
53. Jens Martensson
• Ease of use combined with extensive compatibility makes Windows
a good choice for most users.
• Another option is to use a bootable USB drive and take advantage of
the fact that many Linux distributions do not need to be installed on a
hard drive and can run directly off a USB stick.
