This blog post provides summaries of various topics related to English literature and language teaching. It discusses a reflective blog about a lecture series on English language teaching techniques. It also summarizes the plot of the novel "Waiting for the Barbarians" including details about the author John Maxwell Coetzee and characters. Finally, it previews additional topics that will be discussed in future blog posts, including post-colonialism, structuralism, and films related to post-colonial studies.

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Other blog
Department of English
Nasim Gaha
Roll no: 20

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1.Reflective blog : Professor Atanu Bhattachary ...................................................................................3
2.Waiting for the barbarian.................................................................................................................7
Plot- summary................................................................................................................................8
Characters......................................................................................................................................8
Central theme.............................................................................................................................9
3.Thinking activity: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie..................................................................................10
4.About ARUNDHATI ROY..................................................................................................................11
5.Language Lab review......................................................................................................................14
6.The task wasevaluate three web resources of occasionally use by studentsfor academic purpose.....18
7.Post colonialism.............................................................................................................................22
8.Robinson Crusoe the Colonial and post-colonial to concept..............................................................23
9.The rivers and tides........................................................................................................................24
10. Post structuralism.......................................................................................................................25
11.Post truth....................................................................................................................................26
12. Structuralism..............................................................................................................................26
13.Northrop Frye's Archetype of Literature........................................................................................28
14.Figurative Language I. A. Richard...................................................................................................31
15.Coleridge.....................................................................................................................................32
16.Words worth's preface.................................................................................................................33
17. Aristotle .....................................................................................................................................34
17. About : Feature writing & Lead writing.........................................................................................35
18.Youth festival 2019 ......................................................................................................................37
19. Poe's short stories: Dr.Jay Mehta’s task:.......................................................................................40
20.Garish Kerned - The Artist , the citizens and the questions of truth .................................................42
21.Review on Vinodjoshi sir's Interview on " Sairandhri ". ..................................................................44
22.Thinking activity on " The waste Land " poem................................................................................46
23..OD on oneness of literature:........................................................................................................49

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24.Thinking activity on Modernism and Modernist poem....................................................................50
25.Thinking Activity on The light house by Virginia Woolf....................................................................56
26.Bring out the elements of transcendentalism and anti-transcendentalism from The Scarlet Letter....58
27.Dr. Balaji Rang Nathan's lecture on post colonial studies................................................................59
....................................................................................................................................................62
28.Thinking Activity: Waiting For Godot by Samuel Beckett.................................................................62
29.Filmof Postcolonialstudies:1) Midnight'sChildren,2)The blackprince 3)The ReluctantFundamental
........................................................................................................................................................68
30.Movie review: Chaplin's ' modern time'........................................................................................72
31. Comparison between novel " The scarlet letter" and movie " kya khena " review ...........................74
32.Shashi Tharoor and Dark Era of Inglorious Empire..........................................................................80
33. Youth festival 2018. MKBU..........................................................................................................83
34.Prada's lost..................................................................................................................................86
35.Hamlet is longest play by William Shakespeare..............................................................................93
36."DR.fausts:christopher Marlowe"..................................................................................................96
1.Reflective blog : Professor AtanuBhattachary

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Hello Readers this blog about three day's session on ELT by professor Atanu
Bhattacharya. He from central University Gandhinagar. From 25th to 28th Atannu sir
came to our department for ELT- 2 [ English language teaching- 2] . It is very
enjoyable and importance for me.
First day Session : sir briefly talk about History of English language teaching. Sir
starts with Renaissance with briefly detailing of it to 19th & 20th century.How the
language played an important role in literature sir said and explain with many
examples. the language played an important role in literature sir said and explain with
many examples.And said language can not be learning to join any spoken classes
because it is practical process of learning and learning is not set dialogue because
conversation always change it depends on dialogue. Also phonetic is also important
for language teaching for example- how to pronounce ship and sheep in different
ways .Sir mentioned the Methods like: 1) Natural Method/ Direct Method ,
2)Grammar Translation Method, 3) Audio-lingual method ,IPA International phonetic
Alphabet- you can't learn language by learning rules,you learn language by using the
language. IPA sets the rules of English language, here translation should be used only
as support.

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Second day session:Sir said about one notable observations which I can't imagine
before this lecture, sir said why Indian has problem to learn article because we use
number formation in the sentence while British language has article like a, an and
the.sir takes us to the novel and poetry with language and literature. Sir teach with
practical exercise. Language has skill to develop criticism,not only for communication
but the thought process.Teaching poetry How to teaching poetry ? With help of image
and developed vocabulary drill of students and suggest to students define register
word and tone or attitude of writer.Considering Learner's learning styles :
• Visual
• Auditory
• Kinaesthetic
• Studial
• Analytic
• Dependent• Independent
Representative ( common part of speech; assertion, conclusion) Directive ( Request,
ordering and questioning)
Communiqués (promising, offering)
Expressive (thanking, apologizing, welcoming)
Declaration (problems by specific person)

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Third day session :Testing means test specific particular objective, evaluation is
general term it is not about particular subject but it is general ideas of particular there
score can not get score. Assessment is feedback, it is require to say what we have to
do at the next time.To set rubric and evaluate students spoken skills. For example
check which students belonging to which category- Set category like fluent,
competence, Average, poor. 1] Proficiency test :-2] Achievement test :-
3] Diagnostic tests :-
4] placement tests:-
5] Norm referenced testing
6] Criterion referenced testing
Research field-

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At the past research studies and the future of English research studies . which are topic
best for research scholar. If research scholar want to research on language then they
have to do Linguistics explorations working towards an integrated multimedia
approach -technical Orientation, social orientation, social history orientation.
2.Waiting for the barbarian
1. About : Author

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He was born on 9 February 1940.John Maxwell Coetzee is a South African. He was novelists e,
linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature.Coetzee's firstn novel was
Dusklands (1974) and he has continued to produce novels at the rate of about one every three
years. He has also written autobiographical novels, such as Boyhood, Youth and Summertime,
short fiction, translations from Dutch and Afrikaans, and numerous essays and works of
criticism.
Plot- summary
The book openswithcolonel joll andhe comeswithinstructionsthatthe Barbariansare coming.There is
Magistrate who is leadingcharacterof the novel.The novelwrittenbetweenIrishmovementanditisa
postcolonial text.Joll whowanttocontrol the Barbariansand he fightswithmagistrate manytime.The
magistrate doesnotbuythe theoryof a barbarianthreat.He has beenlivinginpeace inhisoutpostfor
mostof life,tradingwiththe nomadswhoJoll seesasthe enemy.The magistrateraise hisvoice and
helpstopoor people fromcoloneljoll .Atthe endhe had to payand givenpunishmentforhismistake.In
betweenhe hassexual relationswithunnamedblackgirl.The endingof
the novel is open. We can interpret it our own.
Characters
1] The magistrate:-If we talk about The magistrate then we can see he is good and kind by heart
and portrayed as a humble character. He goes against Empire and helps to tribal people yet he get
punishment for it.Moroever we have a question that why he helps these people? Why he goes
against Empire? Was there behind any selfish motive of him? Why he accepts a black girl. Was
there only temptation of sexual desire or anything else? In a way, it is a open ended novel so we
can put out many perspective.
2] Colonel joll:- So ,the Colonel joll is a officer of "Third Bureau" and The Empire. His character
drawn as very cruel and without heart.He want to control Barbarians and want some kind of
power for that he does many things , he torturers many people . Whether we have to judge this
character as a good or bas because maybe he is doing by his duty or he doing by his own motive
we can't say. So, he proved as a very strong and villian character.
3] A black girl:- A blind girl , whose father has been killed in front of her. She given space or
place in a room where she cured. If we do feministic reading then it is normal that in all case if
women is in trouble,there should be one hero who cures her and they have relation between them

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. Is it here also? The sympathy which he get she he to pay for it in form of sexual relations or
what ? Was magistrate accept her by his heart.In real society this kind of magic never happened.
Central theme
Imperialism
One of the most prominent themes in waiting for the barbarians imperialism. In the novel we see
various dimensions of imperialist mentality and actions unveiled. The paranoia of the Empire
reflects a more general existential condition of one group intending to impose its culture and
political mandate on others. The creation of an enemy, or "other"—the nomad "barbarian"—
reflects broader perceptions of a threat that serve to justify imperialist violence. The Empire's
anxious need to constantly glorify itself sheds light on more universal narratives of imperialist
magnificence and righteousness that again serve as justification of a mandate of power.
Colonialism
Distinct from imperialism, the theme of colonialism as a physical, territorial project with far-
reaching implications plays out in Waiting for the Barbarians. The colonial process, as illustrated
in the novel, is more than just a cultural or ideological 'imperialist' project; it is a violent physical
one that plays out on the earth and on the bodies of the colonized. As it is represented in Waiting
for the Barbarians, the experience of colonization impacts the many lives. We see the damage
done to the tribal nomads, both in terms of the torture, trauma and violence inflicted on them as
well as on the intrusion upon their migrant lifestyle. We also see the impact of colonialism on the
earth, as the riverbanks burn, desertification sets in, the fisher people are uprooted and the fields
are flooded. Colonialism, as it is shown in Waiting for the Barbarians, entails profound violence
and disruption.
Male sexuality
One of the central themes in Waiting for the Barbarians is male sexuality. Along with being a
story of colonial power and imperialism, the novel is an extended examination of the magistrate's
sexuality and of the nature of male sexuality in general. In the case of the magistrate, sexuality is
a socialized condition, closely linked to self-perception. In the times when he has power, his
sexuality thrives. As his power wanes, so too does his libido. As existential questions begin to
haunt him, his desire is similarly troubled. When he goes out on a long trek, stepping out of his
society, he is the least inhibited. The barbarian girl's sexuality remains a mystery for the most
part. It is the (distinctly male) sexuality of the magistrate that the novel most closely examines.

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3.Thinking activity:ChimamandaNgozi Adichie
HelloreadersthistaskgivenbyDr.dilipbaradsir.
About: Chimamanda
ChimamandaNgozi Adichiebornon15 September1977. She isa Nigeriannovelist,writerof short
stories,andnonfiction,Noves.She wasdescribedinThe TimesLiterarySupplement
Works.
Purple Hibiscus.(2003)
Half of a YellowSun(2006)
Americana(2013)
Feminists(2014)
1. Whetheryoulike ordislike views?
She writesa single story.She writesaboutfeminist.She givesexampleof feministwhileshe studyin
primaryschool thistime she wantbecomesclassmonitorsoshe getgood marksin shool formoniterbut

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teacherdoesnotmake monitorof Chimamandabecause she isnotmale .Andshe givesmore examples
for feminist.Andshe studystartto 2 year.She writes7 to 8 years.She read of Englishboosandwrite
aboutEnglishcharacters.so I like thisview.Andshe writesaboutpoorpeople andshe visitsof poor
people village.She readmanywritersbooks.soshe writesaboutverymuchdeep.SoIlike tolike view.
2.Has these viewshelpedinbetterunderstandingof literature andlife?
Yes of course these viewshelpedinbetterunderstandingof literature and lifewhile feminist.She gives
manyexamplesof feminist.I thinkbyfeministandAfricanculture betterunderstandingof literature
and life.
3. Can youconnectthese talkswithPostColonial studiesandAfricanliterature?
Africanpeople are colonial people.Thiscountryisverypoor.AndthiscountrydoesfightwithAmerican
people.Americanhave economicpower.SoAfricanpeople don'tfightwithAmericanpeople.
Chimamandawrite aboutAfricanpeopleconditions.
4.About ARUNDHATI ROY

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She is Indian author, actress,and political activist she is born on 24 November 1961.
Works: 1)The God of small things
2) The ministryof utmost..
3) my seditiousHeart.
4) The doctorand the saint.
Arundhanti Roy's is good author and she write about real life in the novel. multipal situations in
the novel. But use full for gernknowlege and literature. she write novel true. Discuss about two
novel 1) the God of small things. and 2) The ministry of utmost happiness. She writeing style
easy and simple. novel in many characters and situations. She write about politics,cast
system, partition,curruption, and movement.
1)The Ministryof UtmostHappiness

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Her secondnovel isdependsonthe political things.Ithinkherview are appropriate andsomehow
people are agree withheropinions.The ministryof utmosthappinessisRoy'ssecondnovel ,isin
habitedbycohortsof others: Hijras, Political rebels,the poorpeople andpoorty,womenwhowill not
knowthairplace and abandonedbabygirls.The novel hasvariouslivelinesslikefeminism,realityof life
, society,culture and mostaffectedpointisthatpolitical issue.
2) Roy's novel "The Godof Small Things"In
I findsome social problems,andhowlife isgoingonwiththe exceptionof people.Itisherfirstnovel of
Indiaand thisnovel tellsabouttwins.Bothare destroyedbythe "Love lows"thatlaydownand who

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shouldbe lovedandhowmuch.She describedthathow small thingsaffectpeople'sbehaviorandtheir
lives.Forthisnovel Roywonthe Bookerprize in1997 andof course it will be verypopularbookornovel.
5.Language Lab review
Hello readers this blogg about language Lab
This task given by Dr Dilip barad sir.
It is very interesting for me. I like to get knowledge by language lab. When I started to
learn with group. With enjoy.
 What is language lab.?

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➤ A language lab is a dedicated space for foreign language learning where students
access audio-visual materials.
It is very helpful for me. I learn while grammar, vocabulary, phonetics, and four
skills. It is in the interesting. But language Lab very slowly and hard . And many
words new for me. And I learn phonetics skills with enjoy and careful.
Namo-e teb and language lab both are same but few different. Both are helpful for
me. because I improve my vocabulary and grammar and four skills by language Lab.
It is very important for me. I give some photos of language Lab and namo-e tab.
Both are same and interested for learn. And helpful. Both are I learn both very slowly
working. And time vest.

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Advantage:
.Between laboratory session the teacher can scrutinize student's performances on tape,
at his lesuire and be in a position to advice student how to avoid persistent errors
before next session
It requires special personnel for its upkeep and maintenance it does not require
everybody rather it require those who will be educated in the field.
Immediate knowledge of results, it is observed that one method of arranging the tape
aims at achieving knowledge of result.
Disadvantages of Language Laboratory:
It requires special personnel for its upkeep and maintenance it does not require
everybody rather it require those who will be educated in the field.
Thanks all readers

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6.The task was evaluate three web resources ofoccasionally use by
students for academic purpose.
This taskgive byDilipbard.
One night@the call centre byChe tan bhagat(2005)

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1)Wikipedia
1.Authoritative:1
2.Educational value:4

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3.Intent:3
4.Originality:1
5. Quality:3
Description
Site give goodinformationabouteducation.Itishelpfulforstudy.
2) spark note
1.Authoritative:1
2.Educational value:3

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3.Intent:3
4.Originality:1
5. Quality:2
Description
I don't getgoodinformationinsparknote forstudy.In no authority.
3) Dilipbardblog
1.Authoritative:4
2.Educational value:3
3.Intent:2
4.Originality:3
fr

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5. Quality:3
Description.
I get good information for study. I use for more information my topics.
7.Post colonialism
"Postcolonialism"refersbroadlytothe waysinwhichrace,ethnicity,culture,andhumanidentityitself
are representedinthe modernera,aftermanycolonizedcountriesgainedtheirindependence.
However,some criticsuse the termtoreferto all culture andcultural productsinfluencedby
imperialismfromthe momentof colonizationuntil the twenty-firstcentury.Postcolonial literature seeks
to describe the interactionsbetweenEuropeannationsandthe peoplestheycolonized.
SharmeenobaidChinoy'sGot Oscar awardfor her documentary"A Girl inthe River" hasbeenmuch
celebratedathome.Itisabout honorkillinginPakistan.Sharmeen’sfilmsare abouttrulyheroic
Pakistani women — womenwhohave sufferedappallingcrueltyandoppressionbutwhohave refused
to be silenced.Intellingtheirstoriestothe world,theyhave foughtbackandexposedinjustice.Itis
showsthe true situationof womenthathow theysufferingsobyshowingthisrealityitbringsawareness
insociety.Itis notthe situationof womeninPakistanbutoverallinthe world.We don'tknow many
placeswhere womenare suffering.peoplenoteasilyacceptthisreality.

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8.RobinsonCrusoe the Colonial and post-colonial to concept...
Robinsonisa novel writtenbyDaniel Defoe.RobinsonCrusoe leavesthe island19December1686 and
arrivesinEnglandon 11 June 1687. RobinsonfollowsChristianityandhe becomescolonizeronthe
island.RobinsonCrusoe standsforthe Englishimperialism, capitalismandmore specificallythe
Colonialism.Robinsonlefthismotherlandinquestof fortune whichisone of the prime mottoof English

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colonization.RobinsonCrusoerepresentsaprototype of aculture,a religion,andanideology. Colonial
representationreliesonpolitical imageswhichare constructedbythe ideasof poweranddomination
over
"Other".RobinsonCrusoe inwe findrelationshipbetweenRobinsonandFriday.Theybecome master
and slave.Robinsonteachlanguage toFridayandmake rulesforhim.One isbecomesrulerandanother
becomesfollower.Somehow'A grainof Wheats' talksaboutthese typesof relationship
And I findthatUhuru or freedomislike physicallyandmentallyboth,butsometimespeople will
become physicallyfree notmentallyfree;likeFridayinthe 'RobinsonCrusoe'.MasterRobinsongives
language,words,sense;teachwell behaviortoFridayinthe novel.
Robinsonwantstobe will become masterof Fridayandhe feelslike he iskingof thisisland.Friday
followhismaster'srulesandtimetable also.He will become mentallyandphysicallyslaveforRobinson
on the island.So,here Ifindthe colonial conceptof a grainof wheat.
9.The rivers and tides

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AndyGoldsworthy'sart is supposedtofall apart.He createslarge-scale outdoorsculpturesand
artworksout of natural materialslikemud,wood,ice andstone inanattemptto imbue the physical
worldwitha spiritual,ephemeral element.DirectorThomasRiedelsheimerfollowsGoldsworthyashe
constructshisart everywhere fromupstate New Yorkto hishome village inScotland,andquestionsthe
solitaryartistabouthisinspirations,frustrationsandartisticgoals.
.
RiversandTidesisa 2001 documentaryfilmdirectedbyThomasRiedelsheimeraboutthe Britishartist
AndyGoldsworthy,whocreates intricate andephemeral sculpturesfromnatural materialssuchas
rocks,leaves,flowers,andicicles.
luscioussculpturesentirelyoutof thingshe findsinnature — stones,twigs,leaves,plantstalks,clay,ice,
snow.Inthismeditative 90-minutedocumentarybyThomasRiedelsheimer,Goldsworthyisseen
workingonnewcreationsashe explainshisphilosophythatbringstogetheraZen-likeappreciationof
the natural world,a deeplyfeltconnectionwiththe Earthandall itsthousandthings,a fascinationwith
time andthe ephemeral existence of objects,arespectforplace andall the marvelsdiscoveredwithina
space that one knowsintimately,andayearningtoexplore the energythatisrunningthroughthe
landscape.Sometimeshisworkschange before oureyesandevenpassawaybefore we have savoredall
theirmysteryandmagic.But to the artist,thisis all part of the process.
"Art forme isa form of nourishment,"Goldsworthysays,andwe see whathe meansashe beginsto
assemble hisearthworkarrangements.Arrivingforanew commissioninNovaScotia,he hasonlya little
time to familiarize himself withthe seasideterrain.Still,he establishesacamaraderie withthe natural
world:"I've shookhandswiththe place,"he declaresashe beginsto work onan icicle sculpture thatfits
perfectlywiththe chillyanddesolate milieu.Goldsworthyrespectsthe processesof lifeanddeath
reflectedinnature.Asthe sunilluminatesthe finishedsculpture,he notes,"The verythingthatbrought
it to life,will bringaboutitsdeath."Thisisonlyone of the manyspiritual insightsemergingfromhisart
10. Post structuralism
Deconstruction,asappliedinthe criticismof literature,designatesatheoryandpractice of reading
whichquestionsand claimsto"subvert"or"undermine"the assumptionthatthe systemof language
providesgroundsthatare adequate toestablishthe boundaries,the coherence orunity,andthe
determinate meaningsof aliterarytext.Typically,areconstructivereadingsets outtoshow that
conflictingforceswithinthe textitself serve todissipatethe seemingdefinitenessof itsstructure and
meaningsintoanindefinitearrayof incompatible andundecidable possibilities.
Example

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"Shutterisland"
In thismovie heroplaytwocharactersso similarlyafflicted
But we all knowthat it's justmyth.
In whichnothingiswhatitseems
11.Post truth
Definition
Some commentatorshave observedthatwe are livinginapostTruth age.Inthisera of posttruth politics
it's easyto Cherrypicdata and come to whateverconclusionyoudesire.Relatingtoor denoting
circumstancesinwhichobjectivefactsare lessinfluential inshapingpublicopinionthanappealsto
emotionandpersonal belief.Accordingtome "post truth"is mostimportantwordfor knowingtrue
aboutpoliticiansfake newsadvertisementsfake promises.Ithinkthatpoliticiansapeakslie forposition
theygive promisesforfewtimes.
12. Structuralism
StructuralismandLiteraryCriticism'- Gerard Genette.Structuralismisawayto examinesliterarytextto
arrive at theirmeaning,ratherthanthe actual meaningsof the textthemselves.Itisastudyof structure
wherevertheyoccur.Inthe essayGenetanalysescontent,logic,grammarsandsemiotics.
Aboutthe critic
Gerard Genetwasa Frenchliterarytheorist,associatedinparticularwiththe structuralistmovement
and suchfiguresasRolandBarthesand Claude Levi-Strauss,fromwhomhe adaptedthe conceptof
bricolage.
"Beinga structuralistcritic,howwould youanalyse literarytextorTV serial or Film?Youcan selectany
image or TV serial orfilmorliterarytextor advertisement.Applystructuralistmethodandpostyour
write upon your blog.Give linkof thatblog-postinthe commentsectionunderthisblog."

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In literarytheory,Structuralismisanapproachto analyzingthe narrative material byexaminingthe
underlyinginvariantstructure .There are manyStructuralistcriticslikeFerdinandSaussure,Gerard
Genette,RolandBarthes,Claude Levi-Straussetc.Structuralistcriticsfoundbasiccommonstructure in
everywork.Asall the humanbeingshave a same structure frominside,similarlyliterature hasbasic
structure and itis same everywhere whetheritmovies,TV serialsoradvertisementetc.
In myopinionvariousstructurescouldbe findbehindparticulargenresof literature andmoviessuchas
love story,revenge story,comedy.
Love story
In Indiathere are manykindof conflictlike classconflictbetweenupperclassandlower/poorclass
people, religionconflict,culture conflictandthatiswhat the structure of IndianBollywoodcinemainthe
genre of love story.there wouldalwaysone boy/girl belongstoawealthyfamilyandfall inlove witha
boy/girl whobelongstoapoor family.andother isthat the group/culture/conflictof boyandgirl remain
different,sotheirrelativesopposethislove andstoryendseitherwiththeirDeathortheirhappy
marriage life.
For example:-
Dil to pagal hai.
Revenge :-
In anykindof revenge storieseitherinbooksorinmoviesthere are differentstories,scenariobutthe
structure of thatstory wouldalwaysremainsame.
For example:-
Rustom
Comedy:-
In televisioncinemathere are manypopularcomedyshows,movie andserials.Theyare producedirony
and satire onthe society.Andthistype of show isveryuseful forchildrenandalsoillnesspeople.
Comedythroughourmoodis changedand feels like freshness.There are manycomediesi like

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For example:-The comedynightswithKapil
13.NorthropFrye's Archetype ofLiterature
aboutNorthropFrye's
He wasborn on 14, July,1912 anddiedin23,
January,1991. He was a Canadianliterature criticandliterarytheorist,consideronof the most
influential of the 20thcentury.
Firstbook1) fearful symmetry
1) What is Archetype Criticism?Whatdoesthe archetypal criticdo?
In literarycriticismthe termarchetype denotesrecurrentdesigns,patternof action,charactertype,
themesandimageswhichare identifiable inawide varietyof worksof literature
true,as well asinmyths,dreamsand evensocial rituals.The Archetypalcritictriestofindthispattern,
symbol andmythin presentliterarywork.
2) What is Frye tryingprove bygivingananalogyof 'physicstoNature'and 'criticismto Literature'?

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Frye comparesthe physicsto nature bysay that criticismasa science andLiterature issubjectof
science.He alsosay that, physicsisan organizedbodyof knowledgeaboutnature "criticismto
Literature"physicsisasystematicandorganizedstudyof Nature.
He denotesspringtocomedybecause comedyisabirth,reveal andrecognitionforheroandspring
seasonisalsoa kindof birthof a newseason.
He compare summertothe romance because insummerwe can see culminationof life andinromance
we can see sort of triumph,usuallyinthe formof marriage.
Winterseasondenotessatire becauseof itsdarkness,like satire winterconsiderasa dark seasonfor
Europeanpeople.
Autumnseasondenotestragedy,asitreflectsthe dyingstage of life,inthisseasonall the leavesof the
tree fallendownandtree becomeslifeless.
3) Share your viewsof criticismasan organisedbodyof knowledge.Mentionrelationof literature with
historyandphilosophy.
Literature isthe central divisionof Humanities.Historical sense andphilosophyare aboutmorality,
ethicsandall these thingsare requiredwhenwe studyliterature.Philosophyisaboutexistence andit
progressivelymoveson,itsideasneverstopped.NorthropFrye saysthatwithoutreasoningandthinking
to jumpon anytype of conclusionisnotvalidprocess.We have tolookuponthe frameworkof history
whichisbasedon evidence.Historyisneverwrittenwithoutevidence.Everyideashave aframework
and howit growsisimportantto understand.
4) Brieflyexplaininductivemethodwithillustrationof Shakespeare'sHamlet'sGrave Digger'sscene.
Inductive methodsignifiesajourneyfromspecifictogeneral.Aswe readsome specificliteraryworkand
comesto a general conclusion,inthiswaywe extendfromspecificoutcome togeneral outcome.
The bestexample of thismethodisgrave diggingscene fromHamlet,itisaspecificscene andfromthat
scene we come to knowsome general conclusion.Inthatscene there were twograve diggersandthey
seemedinquite inharmonywiththeirwork.Theywere talkingwithone anotherandsingingasong
duringthe time of grave digging.Theywere alsomockingondeadOpheliaandcommentedthat
whethershe allowedtoburiedornot.Here we can see thattheyhave no grief fordeadlyone.Itwas
theirworkand that's whytheywere habituatedwithit.Itbecame theirgeneralworksotheyhave no
emotionfordeadone.

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5) Brieflyexplaindeductive methodwithreferencetoananalogyto Music, Painting,rhythmand
pattern.Give examplesof the outcome of deductive method.
Deductive methodisjourneyfromgeneral tospecific.Inmusicwe canunderstandrhythmof it where as
inpaintingwe can findpatternor colors;butby listeningsome of the linesfromeverything butbya
lookingatpaintingwe canget ideaof it's pattern.
6) Referto the Indianseasonal grid(below).If youcan,please readsmall Gujarati orHindi or English
poemfromthe archetypal approachand applyIndianseasonal gridinthe interpretation.
Spring
The fieldsare richwithdaffodils,
A coat of clovercloaksthe hills,
AndI must dance,andI must sing
To see the beautyof the spring.
Summer
The earth iswarm, the sun'sablaze
It isa time of carefree days;
Andbeesabuzzthat chance to pass
May see me snoozinginthe grass
Fall
The leavesare yellow,red,andbrown,

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A showersprinklessoftlydown;
The air is fragrant,crisp,and cool,
Andonce again I'm stuckin school.
Winter
The birdsare gone,the worldiswhite,
The windsare wild,theychill andbite;
The ground isthickwithslushandsleet,
AndI can barelyfeel myfeet.
Thanksall readers
14.Figurative Language I. A. Richard
I . A. Richard
IvorArmstrongRichard,knownas I. A.Richards,was an Englisheducator,literary critic,andrhetorician
whose work contributedto the foundationsof the New Criticism, aformalistmovementinliterary
theory,whichemphasizedthe close readingof aliterarytext,especiallypoetry,inanefforttodiscover
howa workof literature functionsasaself contained,self-referential aestheticobject.

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Richard'sintellectualcontributionstothe establishmentsof the literarymethodologyof the New
Criticismare presentedinthe booksThe Meaningof Meaning:A Studyof the influence of Language
uponThoughtand of the Science of Symbolism,byC.K.Ogdenand I. A.Richards,Principlesof Literary
Criticism,practical criticismandThe Philosophyof Rhetoric.
Four kindsof meaning
Sense iswhatissaid,or the 'items'referredtobya writer.
Feelingreferstoemotions,emotional attitudes,will,desire,pleasure,displeasure andthe rest.When
we say somethingwe have afeelingaboutit,"anattitude towardsit,some special direction,biasor
accentuationof interesttowardsit,some personal flavourorcoloringof feelings,these nuancesof
interest.
Tone is the writer’sattitude tohisreadersoraudience.The use of language isdeterminedbythe
writer’s‘recognition’of hisrelationtohisreaders.
Intentionisthe writer’saim,whichmaybe consciousorunconscious.Itreferstothe effectthathe tries
to produce.Thispurpose modifiesthe expression.Itcontrolsthe emphasis,shapesthe arrangement, or
drawsattentiontosomethingof importance.
15.Coleridge
1) The difference betweenpoemandprose-
Prose isa workinwhicheventsare arrangedtogetherinan orderand has an end.Itsaimis to give
informationabouttruthtothe reader.Onthe otherhand,poemis a piece of art inwhichtruth is
createdthroughimagination.Itsaimistodelightthe readers.
Prose has simple andregularwayof writing,onthe otherhandpoemisconcern,and it has meterrhyme
and ornamental language.If awritersayssomethingdirectlyorina prosaicformhas different
impressionthanapoetsaysin a poeticmanner.
The aim of prose is to instructor to give informationabouttruthandfact,and thenitmightgive delight.
It dependsonthe writers.Onthe otherhand,the aimof poemisfirstto please andgive delight,and

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thenit mightinstructthe readers
2. Differentbetweenpoemandpoetry.
Poem
Poemisliterarycreation.Andpoemisformsof verbal expression.Poeticactivityisbasicallyanactivity
of thatimagination.
Poetry
Poetryisthe art form.Poetryisan activityof the poet'sminds.
For example
A carpentermakesdifferenttypesof furniture-so,thatcarpentryisan art to create differenttype of
furniture like chair,table etc.Itissame way, apoetcreatesdifferentpoems,sopoetryisanart to create
differentpoems,like ,epicpoemsandsonnetetc.
''Poetryis the processandpoemis the output''.
16.Words worth'spreface
1. Though the videothe conceptof ‘Classicism’ and ‘Romanticism’ isclearnow.The basicdifference
betweenthe classicismandromanticismisthatthe formerisbasedonintellectandthe latterisbased
on imagination.
2)Poeticdictionmeansthe language usedinpoetry.AccordingtoWordsworth,language of poetry
shouldbe " reallyusedbymen" .wordsusedineverydaylifegivesaroughframeworkof the poetry,but
if a poetisinspiredthenhisimaginationmightbe adisturbance tothe use of language usedbycommon
people.
3. DictionPoeticmeanswe maysay that choice of language andwords.In histheoryof poeticdiction,
Wordsworthgave rusticcolorsto the poeticdiction.Andalsothere innew trendof writingpoetryand
there isnewthingsthatRomanticpoetbring intheirpoetry.Inhispreface Wordsworthsuggesthis
commitmenttowritingthe ordinarylanguage of people ,nota highlycraftedpoetical one.Here alsohe
mentionthatpoemsdepictsrealisticcharacterlike moral ,inrealisticsituations.Andalsoaddedthe
mainpointisthat the language of poetryshouldbe the language rallyusedbymen,meanslanguage

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that isfilteredbypoet.and poetwhogave color of imaginationtothe language .the language of poetry
isheightenedbyfeelingsandemotions.
4. Accordingto Wordsworthpoetisa manwho isa genius,aspecial person,capable of re-articulating
thoughtsandfeelings.He hasa greaterknowledge of humanmind.
5. In thispoemas we can clearlysee thatthe language usedbyhimissimple one.The veryfirst
paragraph of the poemis writteninthe pasttense andthe last paragraphof the poemiswritteninthe
presenttense.Meanshe wasrecollectingthe spontaneousoverflow intranquility.He goto near to the
nature and openhisheartand start receivingandthenhe tryto learnwhateverhe canand thencreate
thiswonderful poem.
17. Aristotle
1 ) I agree withPlato'sobjectiontofreedomof expressionandartisticlibertyenjoyedbycreative
writers.because literature shouldgive amirror-imageof life itshouldreflectreal life incidentsinitself.
creative writerstookittoanotherlevel andbyfreedomof expressionandartisticlibertywriterstarted
writingthe thingswhichisonlypossible inimaginativeworldandnotreal life.NowadaysaTV show
POURS isgoingon. Inwhichthe story of Purus isnarratedbut there are so manyimaginative partsgiven.
Like hislife asa tribal people inchildhoodandthenaskingand the war betweenhimandAlexanderand
manysuch thingsare notacceptable if we considerthe real life storyof maharajahPurshottam.
2) I have studied'All MySons' inBA program, and we can see thistragic drama as a classical tragedy.as
perthe definitionwhichAristotle hasgiven,''Tragedyisan imitationof anaction....catharsisof some
emotions''
miller'suse of language isveryartisticandmostJoe Kellerwhohasthe catharsis,he finallycomesto
understandthe true meaningof hisactions.
3) In my B.A program i have studied“Othello”byWilliamShakespeare.Itisnotfollow the Aristotelian
Rulesof tragedyinfewthings.AccordingtoAristotle the heroof the tragedymayhave belongtothe
upperclass,butin“Othello”The heroorprotagonistOthellobelongstolawyerclasshe isa black slave.
4)I studyto ' Othello'.Othellotellsthe storyof a MoorishGeneral inthe VenetianarmynamedOthello.
OthelloismarriedtoDesdemona,we learnthatOthellohastwomajorenemieswhoplottodestroyhim
rendering,whoisalsoinlove withDesdemona,andIagoOthello'semployeeoverthe course of the play

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,Iagocomesup witha scheme to trickOthellointobe livingthatDesdemonaischeatingonhim.In the
end, OthellofallsforIago' s sinisterplotandwindsupkillingDesdemonathenhimself .ThenOthellois
tragic hero.
5)Yes,the plotof those tragediesfollow necessaryrulesandregulationproposedbyAristotle:for
example,the plotof hairyape asharmoniouslybuilt.We canobserve the chronologyof scene.Asthe
firstactiontakesplaysat fire roomand the ultimate settingisthe cage of "Gorilla"thatdescribesthe
struggle of "Yank"
17. About : Feature writing & Lead writing
HellofriendThistaskgivenbyvaidehi mam
#What is Journals
Journalismisthe activityof gathering,assessing,creating,andpresentingnewsandinformation. itis
alsothe product of these activities.
#What is Lead writing
In journalism, the beginningsentencesof anewsstoryare everything.Calledleadsor"ledes"theymust
conveyessentialinformation,setthe tone andentice people to ઘcontinue reading.
Example:aboutfiroj khan

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Firoj khanis Sanskritprofessor
He belongstoMuslim.He joineddepartmentof the BanarasHinduUniversity(BHU) withArtsFaculty.
Buhl studentopposingwithfiroj Khanbecausehe didnothindusostudentopposing withfirojKhan.
StudentbelievedMuslimdidnotteachSanskrit.

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18.Youth festival 2019
Youth Festival 2019
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagaruniversity
Four day- 25,26,27,28
Bhajan
Skit

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I have onlyone theme of skitwhichwas presentedbyourdepartment,itwasaboutLGBT.Now,the
governmentalsodeclaresthatnowanyone can take relationof LesbianandGay ,theyhave noone to
restrictedthem.Withagood chainof dialogue itwasshowntothe audience.Theme wasconnected
towardscurrentsituation.Myclassmate performedwell ontheirrole .
One act play:-
It was heldatAtal auditorium,so withsittingwe can'tenjoyitbecause we have to critical view uponit
we can't see itforsake of enjoyment,we have toapplysome themeswithourstudies.Accordingto
Aristoteliantragedywe feel pity,emotion,feelingsandfearwiththe characterof play.we feel the

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catharsiswiththe actor or actres.There are themesaboutwomenandrightforwomen,theyrole in
society,theirvoice insociety.
• Quizcompetition:-
The competitionof Quiz,ElocutionandSelf made readpoemwere organisedatthe departmentof
English.Iparticipatedinquizwithmytwoclassmate.Forquizcompetitionyouneedsense of past
,political knowledge oralsohave toaware about currentaffairs.There are some confusingquestions,we
knowthe answerbut still we confusedforasecond.So,Ifeel thatIneedmore readingaboutGeneral
knowledge thenitwouldbe better.
Mono Act-
Ruchi Joshi fromdepartmentparticipatedinmonoacthermonoacting reallymarvelous,she tryto
presentharshrealityof the societyhowinhumanspoiledotherlifeeventhistype of persondoesn’t
relazedtheirblunder.Itislike tragedyof humansocietysome makingmistakesandsufferother.

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19. Poe's short stories:Dr.Jay Mehta’s task:
https://jaynmehta.blogspot.com/
AboutEdgar AllenPoe
Edgar Poe;January19, 1809 – October7, 1849) wasan Americanwriter, editor,andliterarycritic.Poe is
bestknownforhispoetryand shortstories,particularlyhistalesof mysteryandthe macabre.He is
widelyregardedasacentral figure of Romanticisminthe UnitedStatesandof Americanliterature asa
whole,andhe wasone of the country'searliestpractitionersof the shortstory.He isgenerally
consideredthe inventorof the detective fictiongenre andisfurthercreditedwithcontributingtothe
emerginggenre of science fiction.He wasthe firstwell-knownAmericanwritertoearna livingthrough
writingalone,resultinginafinanciallydifficultlife andcareer.

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On 16th Augustto19th Augustwe have guestlecture forEdgerAllanPoe shortstory explainbyDr.Jay
Mehtasir.Thisare the five shortstory:-
1) The Fall of House
2) The PurloinedLetter
3) The GoldBug
4) The Tell Tale Heart
5) The Caskof Amontillado
Make a comparative studyof 'The Tell-taleHeart'and'The Black Cat'.
‘The Tell tale Heart’iskindof self conferencestorywhilealsoself conference story.Bothstorynarrative
style isdifferentbecause we cannotdecide whois‘The Tell tale Heart'storynarrator. In thisstory,the
narrator is ‘I'so howcan we decidedwhoisnarrate he or she.Thisis a storyof a servantkilledhisOwer
because of hisowerqueereye.While 'The Blackcat' storyrelatedtoone personkilledthe catbecause
of hisegohurt thenhe killedhiswifealso.Bothstorycrime reasonone hatredeye.One ispersoneye
and The black cat storyprotagonisthaterdblack cat eye
Analyze the genre of shortstorykeepinginmindPoe'sworks.Referencesof storiesbyotherwriters
and/orregional writersare expectedinit.
I analysistofocuson the genre of short stories,sothese thingsare more appropriate toanalysing short
storyas like setting,plot,characterization,plotandstructure,conflictandclimax,theme andnarrative
pointof view.Here analyse of Poe'sshortstoryitis type of Gothic storyor horror story.Poe'sstory
settingisalsohorrible andmaincharacteractionsare alsohorrible.He alsofollow climax andconflictfor

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example The Tell Tale heartstorystartingassmoothlybutendwithmurdered.Charactersare shown
theyhave conflictwhatto doand howcan docrime ?
Most of I didn’treadstorybookbut I remembersome of the storywhichwere inmysyllabus.Out
syllabusIreadsome of Jayantilal Gohil'sshortstory.Buthere one short story“Garasani” by Zaverchand
Meghani thisstorymain characteraction as like terrible.
At lastday Jaysirtold ushow to write poemandsuggesttoread lotthenwrite something.
So thankyou Jaysirforthese wonderfulsessionandIwouldlike thankstoourprofessorDilipBaradsir
for organizedthatfruitful sessionforus.
20.Garish Kerned - The Artist , the citizens and the questions of truth
The Artist,the Citizensandthe questions Clickhere

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GirishRaghunathKarnad,the Karnataka filmactor,director,writer,andplaywrightdied10 June 2019 at
the age of 81 due to multipleorganfailure. Afterhisdeathsomanycontroversyhappenbutnotmore
shownbyjournalistandwhichwe knowcontroversythatmaybe real or some fact also.Because we are
livinginposttrutharea so we have difficulttojustifywhatistruthand whatis false.Karnadwasgreat
criticand alwayscriticizedotherIndianwriterlike he didn’tlike RabindranathTagore dramasohe easily
saidas critic Tagore’sdrama like boring.One of the famousJournalistShri SandeepBalakrishnainhis
article publishedinDharmadispach.SandeepcharacterizesGirishKarnadasan“outstandingpolitical
pamphleteer,artful dodger,fine actor,amediocre director,andaterrible playwright
Hinduhatredcontroversy –
One of journalistsaidthatGirishKarnadhadbroughtshame to hiscountry throughhisdistortionof
Hindumythology,Indianhistory,culture,andtraditions.Moreover,thispublicdiscourse hasbeen
completelycenteredaroundGirish’s personal affiliations,andnotdue tosome social cause.It boggles
one’smindwhenrealizedthatinaneffortto fulfillhisambitions,GirishKarnadhasindoctrinatedmuch
hatredfor the Hindusandhas downrightdiscriminatedagainsttheirrightsandpractices,underthe label
of ‘secularism’.Onarelatednote,TipuvinaKanasugaluisKarnad’ssecondattemptatglorifyingIslamic
barbariansand mass-murderersof Hindusasfreedomfightersandmisunderstoodgeniuses.The first
was his“play,”Tughlaq,whichbestowedsainthooduponthe genocidalMuslimbigot,the madman

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Mohammad BinTughlaq.Outwardly,the “play”wassupposedlybasedonthishistorical characterbutit
isevidentthatKarnaddrewa parallel betweenTughlaqandJawaharlal Nehrubycharacterizingbothas
misunderstoodgeniuseswhoweredeniedtheirrightfulplace inhistorybythe fascistforcesof orthodox
and regressive Brahmanism.
The political pamphletinthe name of TipuvinaKanasugaluwasactuallyisinfurtherance tothe
KarnatakaChief MinisterSiddaramaiah’scommunal agenda.GirishKarnadandSiddaramaiahhad
collectivelytakenseveraleffortstopeddle theiranti-Hindi hate inthe state.Sohere One of the
controversyisKarnadwas Hindu hatredman accordingto hisplayTughalaqbecause inthisplayhe
portraitMuslimisprotagonistandthischaracter killedsomanyHindus.Accordingtome we can notsee
people withoutattachedwithreligiousif anyfamouspersonsome of ideaslike differenttocompare
otherso that personcalledhaterof majority.Butitis notaffairsfor anyone because everyonehasown
choice.
21.Reviewon Vinod joshi sir's Interviewon " Sairandhri ".
Hello,everyone here Iamgoingto talkaboutmost famousGujarati poetVinodjoshi andhisinterview.
VinodJoshi isapostmodernGujarati poet,writerandcriticfromGujarat, India.Hisnotable works
include Parantu,acollectionof Geets,Shikhandi,alongnarrative poembasedonShikhandi,acharacter
fromthe Mahabharata.He is the recipientof the JayantPathakPuraskar(1985), Critic'saward(1986),

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KavishwarDalpatramAward(2013), SahityaGaurav Puraskar(2015), NarsinhMehtaAward(2018), and
Kalapi Award(2018).
Sairandhri byVinodjoshi
Structures:-
He publishedthispoemin2018.This metrical poemcomposedinprabandhaformwithsevencantos,49
chaptersand 1800 lines.ItisbasedonDraupadi,one of the characters of HinduepicMahabharata. Here
poettriedto explainDraupadi'sfeelingandthoughts.Asa part of languagesIcan find thatpoetused
figurative language,personification,meters,ChopaiandDohrain' Sairandhri '.Here poetusedShrigar
rasa also.MoreoverI addedthat ' language alwaysappliedandeachlanguage hasownvalluations'.
Normallycreationof poemisreflectionof poet'sthoughtsandreflectionof backgroundlanguage.So
here Vinodjoshi borninrural area so He handeddownhisrural wordsinpoem
Vinodjoshi wrote one prabandhkavya"sairandhri".The eventandpoembasicallytakesplace onIndia
but as itis writteninAustraliaItreflectsthe characterof Draupadi.The poemrecallsthe memoryof
MAHABHARATA.SpeciallyaVIRATPARV ; whenpandvaandDraupadi live inkingvirat'spalace.Theylive
in" Agyatvas ". Theyhide theiridentity.InHastinapur Draupadi wasaqueenbuthere inpalace she
leavesasa Maidservantof Kingvirat'swife.InHastinapurshe getshelpof shri Krishnaandbheemaand
manymore buthere she can't findanyone'shelp.Here vinodjoshi'sSairandhri wasquite differfrom
mahabharat.Vinodjoshi appliedhisimaginationinpoem.He writesthatsairandhri liketokarnain first

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sightwhenher# swaymvar# ishappening.Herfirstlike karma.Arjunwasthe secondforher.karn was
herfirstchoice and Arjunwassecondchoice.Karna wasalsohide hisidentityashe wasthe son of
Kuntama.So,both are hidingtheiridentity.sohere vinodjoshi draw hisimaginationworld.so,inpoem
we can saw the questionof identity.Five pandvas,Draupadi andkarnahide themselves.
.
So, here Vinodsirpresentlove storyof Sairandhri andkarnawhichwasquite differentfrom
MAHABHARATA.Fromthispoemwe alsofor a while tryto thinkonthistype of condition,imagination.
So itwas a good poemwhichshowsanotherperspectiveof the Mabharat's scene.
22.Thinking activity on " The waste Land " poem.
The waste Land is a poembyT.S. Eliot,widelyregardedasone of the most alternatingnarrations,in
whichvignettesof several charactersaddressthose themesexperimentally.Itwaspublished in1922. It
was verycomplicatedpoemtoread.Eliothastake manyreferences,characters,languages,scenesand
images.Eliothasdone use of enjambment.
Poem'sstructure dividedintofive sections:-
1. The Burial of the Dead
2. A game of chess
3. The fire sermon
4. Death bywater
5. What the Thundersaid.
1) What are your viewsonthe followingimageafterreading'The Waste Land'?Do you thinkthatEliotis
as comparedto Nietzche'sviews?orHasEliotachieveduniversalityof thoughtbyrecallingmytho-
historical answertothe contemporarymalaise?

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Eliotstandsfor Regressive,backwardlookingasittriesto findanswersof contemporarymalaisein
Upanishads,BuddhismandChristianity.
On the otherside Nietzsche standsforprogressiveandforwardlooking,ingivingsolutiontothe
problemof contemporarycrisesinfaithandself.
In comparedto Nietzsche's thought,yesEliotisregressivebutitdoesn'tmeanthathe onlyrises
questiononhiscontemporarysociety,he alsotriestogive wayof solutionratherthanthe answers.
Cycle of time alwaysmovingandwhenHistorystartrepeatingone musthave tolookback and try to
learnthat whatare mistakesourancestordidand now whentime comestous how we will deal withit?
It iscertainand right that newquestions'sanswerwe couldn'tfindinUpanishads,Buddhismand
Christianity butthe wayof living,understandingtowardsanysituationone candevelop.
So we can conclude thatit isalso rightthat problemsof contemporarycrisis'solutionisin faithandself
but,the level of faithandunderstandingof self mustbe necessary.Itcomesfromreadingof myth-
historical andreligiousthought.Eliotachieved thatuniversality of thought.
2) Priorto the speech,Gustaf Hellströmof the SwedishAcademymade these remarks:

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T.S. Eliot and S. Freud
Accordingto myopinionFree venttothe repressedprimitive instinctwillautomaticallyleadstowards
anarchy.We don't create disorganizationinthe communityandworld.Here inthe epicpoemI think
Eliothas powerful ideasratherthanSigmanfroed.AnotherthingisthatWe all are livesourliveswith
specificperspective,withdiscipline andwithmoral rituals.Althoughlife becamemore appropriate and
enjoyable.Thushere i don'tagree withideaof Freud.
3) Write about allusionstothe Indianthoughtsin'The Waste Land'. (Where,How andWhy are the
Indianthoughtsreferred?)
- Here I found some Indian thought in ' The Waste Land'; in part no ; 3 The fire sermon its title
which Eliot has taken it from Buddha's. It connected with Buddha. And then Then spoke the
thunder
400
DA
Datta means to give: not only charity but giving oneself for some novel cause
DA
Dayadhvam means sympathise – empathise yourself with the sorrows and suffering of others
DA
Damyata means Self Control, control over one’s
passions and desires
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
Shantih shantih shantih
So Eliot has taken reference from many languages and from many writer and culture. So it is a
mixture of all this thing. Here Eliot try to connected this all things and also try to deal with
universal idea of world.

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23..OD on oneness of literature:
Thisblogis part of my academicactivity.Here we have askedtosee onenessinliterature,withthe
comparisonof "The Waste Land"by T. S. Eliotand the shortstory "Joke"byAntonChekhov.
All literature are connectedwitheachother;all,those whichare alreadywritten,thosebeingwritten
and those yetto be written.Thus,tounderstandawork of art, one must have an outstandingof this
continuity.
Literature islike ariver,waterof rivermakesit'sown small differentwaysandflawsindifferent
directionsbutthe rootis same.AccordingtoNorthropFrye,all literature seemstofollow basic
archetype.The skeleton issame the bodyisdifferent.Everynew literature hassome connectionwith
the oldone and withthat connectionitmakesitplace inexistingbuildingof literature.Everyliterature
has some signsandsymbols,sometimesthe signsandsymbolsare same butmeaningsare different.As
everywriterhasit'sown reasontowrite,to putcertainsymbols,andto give certain
Message through symbols.Here the linesfrom"Waste Land"andAntonChekhov'sshortstory"Joke"
has some same symbolslike environment,goingdownonthe sled.In"Waste Land"it'sabout childhood
memorythe hiddenmeaningissexual perversion,butin"Joke"hasvisible meaningof lust.In"Joke"
there isonlylustand name wasgivenof love.Sobothhas some similarities.Whichalsosignifiesoneness
of literature?

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24.Thinking activity on Modernism and Modernist poem.
HelloEveryone welcome tomyblog,here Iam goingto share my view upongiventask.Thistaskwas
aboutmodernismandmodernistpoem.We have tofindmodernistsymbol, metaphorandimageryfrom
the veryshort poem.Before startinglet'sknow thatwhatismodernism?
Modernismisbotha philosophical movementandanart movementthat,alongwithcultural trendsand
changes,arose fromwide-scale andfar-reachingtransformationsinWesternsocietyduringthe late 19th
and early20th centuries.Amongthe factorsthatshapedmodernismwere the developmentof modern
industrial societiesandthe rapidgrowthof cities,followedthenbyreactionsof horrortoWorldWar I.
Modernismalsorejectedthe certaintyof Enlightenmentthinking,andmanymodernistsrejected
religiousbelief.
#Major characteristicsof Modernism:-•Usingwordsas parts of speechthattheyare not(nounsas
adjectives,verbaasnounsetc.)•Reworkingtraditional forms•Usingdisjointedstructure toreflectthe
disfunctionof westernsociety.•Addressinginnerthoughtsof regularpeople.
1) " The Embankment"byT.E.Hulme:-
Thomas ErnestHume was an Englishcriticandpoetwho,throughhis writingsonart,literature and
politics,hadanotable influence uponmodernism.He wasanaestheticphilosopherandthe 'fatherof
imagine'."The Embankmentisawell knownpoem.Thispoemhascompletedinto7lines.Accordingto

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me,thispoemsays,abouta men'sstory.He got shelterfromgod.Wheneverhe wasintrouble he pray
to god andneedshelter.Here we findfallingof manand hislustfromgod. He was maybe hopeless,
don't wantto do hard try or work. He urgesfor blanket,hide andprotection.
2)." Darkness"by JosephCampbell:-
" Darkness"
" I stop to watcha star shine inthe boghole,
A star no longer,buta silverribbonof light.
I lookat it , andpass on."
t's four /4 linesIrishpoem.Title itself isone of the bestpointtounderstandthe poem. Darknessmeans
the bad part of somethingandit'snotgoodfor humanbeings.Sohere somethingis'lost'andthanrise
of newwayof life.So,here Ifindexistence andexistentialism.So,it'sdeep&meaningful but,easily
understandwithsimplelanguage.
Keywords;Darkness,soul,lost,need.
.
3)" Image " by Edward Store:-

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Edward Augustine Sorer(1880–1944) was an Englishwriter,translatorandpoet.inthispoemthe poet
useswhite moonasa symbol.Toconnectheartof twoloversusedwhite moon. opposite sidetheycan't
cheateach other.We alsofindlonelinessinit.
4.' Ina StationOf The Metro '
In The entire poemisbasicallyasingle metaphor.If youwere everconfusedaboutthe difference
betweenametaphorandsimile,andthe difference itcanmake to use one insteadof the other,thisisa
great poemtolookat. Poundcouldhave saidthat the faces"looklike "flowerpetals,whichwouldhave
produceda simile.Byleavingthisexpressionout,the poemreadsasif itwere sayingthat the facesare
petals.Textbookmetaphor.The twoimagesare fusedintoone.
The successof the comparisonbetweenthe hunanhfacesandtgetflowerpetalsdependsuponmaking
the secondimage seemverylife like.Sopoundusessome intensenatural imageryto describer
"wet,blackbough"towhichthe petalsare attached. Thisimage connectsto oursense of sightand
touch,so the readerfeelslike he orshe couldreachlike aflowerfroma tree.He also usessome
alliterationwith"black"and"bough", as if the wordson the page and the imagesinour headwere
fusingtogetheratthe same time.
5). "The pool"- byHildaDoolittle
"The Pool"

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" Are you alive ?
I touch you.
You quiverlike asea-fish.
I coveryou withmynet.
What are you- bandedone ?"
A poemwrittenbyHildaDoolittle.Hilda"H.D."Doolittle wasanAmericanpoet,novelist,andmemoir,
associatedwiththe early20th centuryavant-grade Imagistgroupof poets,includingEzraPoundand
RichardArlington.She publishedunderthe penname H.D.Thispoemstartswitha question.Italsodeals
withexistentialism.itisconsideredasone of the feature of modernliterature.We cansee thatmodern
people are controlledbyauthority.
6. "Insouciance"byRichardArlington
In thispoemthe poetpresentsthathow people are livingtheirlifeinsouciance waywithcarelessness.
Theytry to expresstheirfeelinginliterature aspoetsays" I make formyself little poem"the wayof
livingiswithnoexcitement"inandoutof the drearytrenches"butthoughall are walkingontheirpath

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withsuchcheer,the reference of "white-wingedDoves"isusedformodernculture of livinglife and
feelingof isolationisthere.
7) Morning at the windowbyT. S. Eliot
Thispoemby T. S. Eliotandhe write inLondon.Thispoemisoutbreakversionof WorldWar One.He has
commiserate forpeople andspeciallychildren,becausetheydoesn'thave enoughdoorandclothes.He
write aboutconditionof countryandso many affectedpeople.Thispoemhas9 lines andit'seasyto
understandforme.
Keywords,BasementDampsoul,Twistedfacesetc.
8). " The RedWheelbarrow"byWilliamCarlos:-

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WilliamCarlosWilliamswasanAmericanpoetandphysiciancloselyassociatedwithmodernismand
imagine.Inadditiontohiswriting,Williamshadalongcareer as a physicianpracticingbothpediatrics
and general medicine.Thispoemhascompletedinto8lines.Inthispoemwe findmetaphorslike "red
wheelbarrow "and"White chicken".It representcraftsmanship of farmer.
9 "Anecdote of the jar-wallaceStevens
Thisis a imaginative poemwhichexaggerate the picture of jar.Poetplacedthatjaruponhill,jarreminds
us the Grecianurn of Keats.Poetssingthe gloryof the jar and alsoask the questionthat whichis
superior' a workof art or nature?'.
10) " l " byE.E.Cummings:-
"l "
" l ( a...( a leaf falls on loneliness)
l ( a
le
af
fa
ll

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s)
one
l
iness."
Edward Estlin"E.E." Cummings,oftenstyledase e cumming,ashe is attributedinmanyof his published
works,wasan Americanpoet,painter,essayist,author,andplaywright.itcontainsonlyfourwords -a
leaf fallsloneliness.Itgivesfeelingsof loneliness.
25.Thinking Activity on The light house by VirginiaWoolf
HelloReaders,
ThisBlog isa part of my ClassroomactivityonVirginiaWoolf's"ToThe LightHouse"givenbyprofessor
inwhichour task isto thinkand interpretthe followingpoints.Tosee teacher'sblog clickhere
1) How can you explainthat'What'VirginiaWoolf wantedtosay(forexample,the complexityof human
relationship,the everydaybattlesthatpeople are atintheirrelationshipwithnearanddearones,the
struggle of a female artistagainstthe valuesof middle/upperclasssocietyetc) canonlybe saidinthe

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wayshe hassaid?(Key:The 'How' of the narrative technique istobe discussedalongwithfeaturesof
streamof consciousnesstechnique whichhelpsWoolf toputineffective mannerwhatshe experienced
inabstraction.)
The narrative technique whichVirginiaWoolf haschosenisthe bestwayto say whatshe wantedto say.
She don’twant anythingwhichmake peoplecryor laugh,she wantsto tell somethingwhichmake
people think,thinkabouttheirbehavior,theirrelationships.Everyhumanbeinghascomplexityof
thoughtswhichcan notbe seenfromouterappearance,tosee thatconflictone hasto dive deepinto
the mindof humanbeingandstreamof consciousnesstechnique isthe technique whichcanhelp best
to Virginia.Byusingthistechniqueshe verybeautifullyshowsthe innercomplexityof feelingsand
memorytowardsthe people withwhomwe livedourlife,andhow ouremotionsandimpressionsare
continuouslyshifts.
Here in thisstory,VirginiaWoolf portraysthe aristocraticsocietywhichshowsthathow womenwere
struggling&throughthat Virginiawantstopopup that women'sconditions.
and we can understand that in lower class people treat women very badly but in upper class also
…. that they also treat women very badly by some mentally doing harassment.
2)o youagree:"The novel isboththe tribute andcritique of Mrs. Ramsay"?(Key:Take some cluesfrom
the paintingof Mrs Ramsaydrawnby LilyBriscoe andthe article byAndre Violaand GlennPedersen.
Can we readMrs. R in contextof the ideaof Ideal IndianWoman - Karyeshu dasi, Karaneshu
manthri; Bhojeshu mata, Shayaneshu rambha; Kshamayeshu dharithri, Roopeshu
lakshmi; Satkarma yukta, Kuladharma pathni. )
Yes,I am agree that the novel isboththe tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay.VirginiaWoolf wasrebel
duringherage. Thenevenif she isputtinga domesticcharacterlike Mrs.Ramsaywe can saythat it isfor
criticizingthe stereotypesof womanandforthatshe isputtinga total opposite personalityLily.By
showingMrs.Ramsay as an ideawomanWoolf triestocriticize the waysocietysee the role of woman.
In thisnovel Mrs.Ramsay isa way throughwhichwhole familyconverse witheachotherbutwe alsocan
see that till she isalive norelationsof familywashealthybutafterherdeathall problemshave seemsto
resolve.Thiswayitiscritique of Mrs. Ramsay.
On the otherhand itis alsotribute toMrs. Ramsay,because afterheralsoshe has livedinthe memory
of everyone.Atthe endalsoshe isthe subjectof Lily’spaintingandwhenshe completesherpainting
and she got hervisionwhichisMrs. Ramsay.At the endwhole Ramsayfamilygoestothe lighthouse
because itwasthe wishof Mrs. Ramsay and familywantstofulfill it.Sothese waysthe novel isalso
tribute toMrs. Ramsay.
The shlokawhichisgivenhere can be translatedas"Who worksas maid,advice asminister,feedslike
mother,pleasesinbedlikeheavenlybeautyRambha,beautiful asgoddessLakshmi,forgive asearth,
these six virtueswhohasisa ideal wife."Thoughthe linkwhichisgivenhere will giveadifferentidea

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aboutlookingtowardsthe shlokabutwhatboth have same isit needstoerase one’s self fromthe root,
one needstobe submissive,whichMrs.Ramsayposses.We can see innovel thatshe oftenworkstoo
much that she fell unconscious,she adviseMr.Ramsayto go and give lecturesonphilosophy,she cooks
whateveryone wantstoeatand in large quantity,she alsoplease Mr.Ramsay inbed,she isbeautiful
and she forgive all misbehave whichdone toher.Soyesshe has everyqualityof ideal wife asperIndian
mythbut whatshe don't have is herownself.
26.Bring out the elements of transcendentalism andanti-
transcendentalism from The Scarlet Letter.
What isTranscendentalism?
Transcendentalismbeganasa religiousconceptrootedinthe ideasof Americandemocracy.Itisa
Philosophical movementwhichdevelopedinthe 1830s and1840s in the easternreligionof the united
Statesas a protestto the general state of cultural and society.The RomanticMovementgave rise tothe
NewEnglandTranscendentalism.RalphWaldoEmersonwasaleadingfigure of thismovement.Inthe
Nathaniel Hawthorne'snovel “ScarletLetter”,we canalsofindtranscendentalist elements.The
movementisentirelyopposedtopuritan’ssocalledmorality.
What isAnti-Transcendentalism
Anti-Transcendentalismwasanoppositionmovementtothe Transcendentalist.The Transcendentalist
were writerswhosupportedthe beautyof Nature,the kindnessof Humansanda distrustin
government.

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In the novel Immediacies ispriestof churchand mostof people have beliefspriestmeansdivinesoul.
Authordescribesnature inthe difference wayandmanitmeansDimmesdale show priestsosociety
have perceptionlikeDimmesdale ispriestandasman he isgood person.Idealistsbestexampleof
societyinthe novel societydescribedasideal like puritansocietyandsetdifferentkind of rule like if
anybodycommittedadulterythenpunishedsociety.Hestercommittedadulterysosocietygive
punishmentforceful wearing'A'scarletletter.Novel mostof scene isinchurchDimmesdale speechlike
he knoweverythingandreadingbooksaslike he hasintuition.
Throughthe novel authormaybe shownreal image of society.AndRogerChillingworthcharacteris
example of indifferenthumannature.Because Chillingworthmotiftotake revenge withwife andher
loverforthisreasonhe killedone innocentpersonsohischaracterportraitas evil.While Dimmesdale
showas priestandgive moral speechtosocietybutactuallyhe is notfollow hisownspeechbecause he
has hiddenrelationshipwithHester.WhenHesterbecame pregnantatthat time Dimmesdale notready
for servingherresponsibilities.Soitisdarkside of man whichisshownby author.Spiritualityof society
basedon puritanmoralitytherefore peoplefollow puritanrulesandregulationsitislike onlyblind
beliefs.
27.Dr. Balaji Rang Nathan's lecture on post colonial studies.
HelloEveryone welcome tomyblog!

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Here I am sharingmy viewuponour3 days(19th Augustto 21st August) journeyof Prof.Balaji
Rangnathansir.Those days are memorable forever,we have learntmanygoodandnew thingsabout
syllabusaswell asoutside world.
Let's me pondersome glimpse of 3days Amazinglectures.
On the 19th Aug,sirtalkedaboutthe Conceptof postcolonialismandfirstunitBlack skinWhite Mask.
FirstlyIwas impressedbysir'stone orcontrol,poweronlanguage.Sirhas verygoodcommandand
influencyoverthe language.ForasecondI alsowishto have a that kindof command onlanguage.In
verysimple way,sirtalkedaboutPost colonialismandwe understood.Thensirsays about8 chapterof
the unit1 ;
Chaptersof the firstunit
• The Negroand language
• The womanof colourand white man
• The man of colour andwhite woman
• The So-calleddependencycomplex of the colonized
• The livedexperience of the blackman
• The Black manand psychology
• The Black manand Recognition

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He explainsimportantpointslike...
Thenon secondday,Balaji sirdealtwithanothertwochapters;
• Orientalismby Edwardsaid:
A TempestbyAime cesaire :-
1) The Scope of Orientalism
2) Orientaliststructure andRestructures
3) OrientalismNow
Nexthe talkedabout“ A Tempest”byAmie Cesaire andExplainIdentity,bhuColonialresiontion
,Appropriationof Language,Termof Rebellion.Inthe lastlecture sirtalkedonlastunitImaginary
HomelandbySalmanRushidie.He explainsthisunitwithinterestingexample andalsotalkedabout
writerSalmanRushdie.
Here fanonis risingaboutbinary.He saysthat it isgood formto introduce awork inpsychologywitha
statementof itsmethodological pointof view.Ileave methodstobe botanistsandthe mathematicians.
There isa pointat whichmethodsdevourthemselves.
Moroever,tounderstandA Tempestwe have tofirstunderstandThe TempestbyWilliamShakespeare,
we have alreadygone throughitin our class.Now,if we talkaboutOrientalism, itwasaentire bookon
AmericaandArabic world.Itsayshow to readpostcolonialism.Orientalismaskshow dowe come to we
come to understandpeople,strangers,wholookdifferenttousby virtue of the color of theirskin?The
central argumentof Orientalismisthatthe waythat we acquire thisknowledgeisnotinnocentor
objective butthe endresultof aprocessthat reflectscertaininterests.Onthe otherside sirtalkedabout
realityof ourlife.Whatshoulddoinfurther?Siradvisedthatnevertake shortcuts,alwaystryto read
original one.Tryto crack such kindof examand if u are not able tothisthenmake new anotherway,

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don't needtostickwithit or disappointed.Make yourownwayinwhichyouare good andcan achieve
something.Inourclassmostlyall studentswanttobe professor,butsirsaidthat it isnot so that only
Prof,isgood job.There are many otherjobsalso.In realitywe have tofightandface problems,society,
all kindof circumstances. Acceptthe realityandbe happywithwhateveruhave.Theyshowedreal face
of worldinfrontof usand we are goingtopeepedintoit
.
28.Thinking Activity:Waiting For Godot by Samuel Beckett
"WaitingForGodot" writtenbySamuel Beckettinwhichstudentstaskistowatch movie andwrite their
understandingof the movie of the givenpointsbythe professor.Here isthe linkof professor's
blogclick here,
1)What connectiondoyousee inthe setting("A countryroad.A tree.Evening.) of the playandthese
paintings.

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:- Through thispaintingBeckettwasinspiredforthe'setting'of hisplay - 'WaitingforGodot'.Here
Beckett'suniverse wasquite different.Hiswaitingisrelatedtolonginginasense of nature butit wasnot
Beckett'sworldlyvision.maybelongingordesire maybe fulfilledsometimesbuthere Beckett'susedthis
Waitinghasit's no end.Itnevergoingtobe finish..Beckettwasinspiredbythese paintingbuthe makes
use of this'longing'as'neverendingwait'.
2)The tree is the onlyimportant‘thing’inthe setting.Whatisthe importance of tree inbothacts? Why
doesBeckettgrowa fewleavesinActII onthe barrentree - The tree has fouror five leaves - ?
The tree is a symbol inthe play.Many time tree symbolicallypresentedinthe playwhenVladimirand
Estragon try to be hebetate liketree.So,leavesstandforhope anddespair.Infirstscene tree was
destroyedsowe can interpretandconnectitwithworldwar-2because thisplaywrittenjustafterwar
and insecondact thistree have leavessoitstand forhope and alsowe can sayit ischangingnature.

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3) Inboth Acts,eveningfallsintonightandmoonrises.How wouldyoulike tointerpretthis‘comingof
nightand moon’whenactuallytheyare waitingforGodot?
In boththe act we findthatwhennightcomesitsreflectionof there life how are absurdtheyare waiting
for somethingisnotcome sofinallythe nightisreflectionof there lostorsomethingthattheywantto
achieve butthennotachieve orthennot getsuccess,
Andwhenthe moonrise it's reflectthatthere isone hope thatThe Dark nightwill be endwiththis
beautiful moonandthere lifedarknessisalsoandjustlike nightwill endandmorningcomessothe
moonis reflectionof hope inDarknight.
4) The directorfeelsthe settingwithsome debris.Canyoureadanymeaninginthe contoursof debrisin
the settingof the play?
Yes,I can read theythe directorfeelsthe settingswithsome debris.Theplace wherebothactplays,it
was a hill ,firstdaybarrentree andsecondday withsome leaves.yetwiththiskindof debriswhich
Becketthasusedit saysalot to us. He talkhere about humanbeing,itslife ,etc
5)The playbeginswiththe dialogue “Nothingtobe done”.How doesthe theme of ‘nothingness’recurs
inthe play?
"Nothingtobe done"reflectsthe Existentialism.Thistheoryshowsthatthe life ismeaningless,
whateveryoudo it hasno ultimate meaning.thisplaystartswiththisideaof nothingness.Vladimirand
Estragon waitingforGodotwithoutknowingthathe will come ornot,ishe existornot,who ishe?
uncleartheme showsthe nothingnessof the play.
6)Do youagree:"The play(WaitingforGodot),we agreed,wasa positive play,notnegative,not
pessimistic.AsIsawit, withmybloodandskinand eyes,the philosophyis:'Nomatterwhat- atom
bombs,hydrogenbombs,anything- life goeson.Youcan kill yourself,butyoucan'tkill life."(E.G.
Marshal whoplayedVladimirinoriginal Broadwayproduction1950s)?
-Ya, the play"WaitingforGodot" ispositive play,notnegative ,notpessimistic.Butitdependson
reader'smind.Howreaderwanttolookit.Everybodyhasitsown pointof view orperspective.Iamagree
withthat everythinggoesonlife onit'stime ideaof E.G.Marshal.

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7) How are the propslike hatand bootsusedinthe play?Whatis the symbolical significance of these
props?
Samuel Beckettusedmanysymbolsin thisplayinwhichHatand Boot are interestingsymbols.We can
say that hat representedthe intellectual,mentalabilityandthinkingandbootrepresentlowerand
physical appearance.
8) Do you thinkthatthe obedience of LuckyisextremelyirritatingandNauseatic?Evenwhenthe master
Pozzoisblind,he obedientlyhandsthe whipinhishand.Doyouthinkthatsuch a capacity of slavishness
isunbelievable?
How can it's possible aslave iscarrying luggage of masterandalsocarry whipfromwhichhe maybe
beatenstill he isgivingittohismaster.Evenwhenpozzo,the masterwasblindthenwhydon'tlucky
leave himwhystill he isgivingwhiptopozzo.whichkindof thisslavishnessis.
9)Who accordingto youis Godot?God? An objectof desire?Death?Goal?Success?or...
Its dependonpersonjustbecause onmypointof you" Godotis peace " justbecause thisplaycome
afterSecondWorldWar sohere we findthat the playerwriterorat thattimesmajorlyliterarywork
facingabsurditynothingnessorwestwardbecome hopelessthat'swhyonmypointof you Godotis
peace.

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10) "The subjectof the playis notGodot but 'waiting'(Esslin,A searchforthe self).Doyouagree?How
can you justifyyouranswer?
Yes,I agree withthe Esslin'spointof view in'A search forthe self'thatthe subjectandthe maintheme
of the playis'waiting'not the Godot.We can see that inthe playnothinghappenexceptthe
meaninglesswaiting.there isnoone come and go, all the characters onlywaitingforsomeone butno
one come.So, we can say the heartof the playis waitingnotGodot.
11) Do youthinkplayslike thiscanbetterbe 'read' than'viewed'asit requiresalotof thinkingonthe
part of readers,whileviewing,the torrentof dialoguesdoesnotgive ample timeandspace to'think'?Or
isit that the audio- visualshelpinbetterunderstandingof the play?
If I sayyesit needsreadingbeforeplaystudied.because itwasaAbsurdplaystill Samuel Beckett had
gone verydeepandconnecteddotwithsome eventsormyths.so,before studyingplaywe have toaware
aboutit,ourconceptshouldbe clearthendialogue oraudio-visualshelpinbetterunderstandingof play.
12) Whichof the followingsequence youliked the most:
Vladimir-Estragonkillingtime inquestionsandconversationswhile waiting,Pozzo-Luckyepisode inboth
acts,Conversationof Vladimirwiththe boy
Ans.I likedthe mostthe conversationof Vladimir withthe boybecause exceptthisall are boringand
meaninglessinsome extent,whilethe conversationwiththe feel the energyandcuriosityinthe play
because thatboy wasthe messengerof Godotand alsothat boyfrightenedVladimirfortellingabout

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Godot.So, firstconversationwiththe boywasthe hope forVladimirandsecondconversationsomewhat
despairandrevealedVladimir'sselfishness.
13) Didyoufeel the effectof existential crisisormeaninglessnessof humanexistence inthe irrational
and indifference Universe duringscreeningof the movie?Where andwhenexactlythatfeelingwasfelt,
if everitwas?
In movie Isawand feel thattheyare waitingfora personforwhomtheydon'tknow.Eventheydon't
knowwhois Godota humanbeing,asupernatural power,agodorwhatelse?Theydon'taware thenstill
whytheywaiting.We have ourExistenceinlife thenwe have thinkitanduse iton properway.As
VladimirandEstragonare talkingto passtime theyare raisingrational questionsthenwhatabout their
identityorexistence.
14) VladimirandEstragontalksabout‘hanging’themselvesandcommitsuicide,buttheydonotdo so.
How doyou readthisideaof suicide inExistentialism?
Suicide inexistentialismwe findthatit'sa symbol Suicide inexistentialismwe findthatit'sasymbolically
representthe deathbyphilosophysuicide meansphilosophical suicideatthat momentpersonstopto
thinkingthatisthe suicide whichwe call philosophical suicide.
15) Can we doany political readingof the playif we see Europeannationsrepresentedbythe 'names'of
the characters (Vladimir- Russia;Estragon - France;Pozzo - Italyand Lucky - England)?What
interpretationcanbe inferredfromthe playwrittenjustafterWorldWar II?Whichcountry standsfor
'Godot'?
So far as Pozzoand Lucky[masterand slave] are concerned,we have torememberthatBeckettwasa
disciple of Joyce andthatJoyce hatedEngland.BeckettmeantPozzotobe England,and Lucky to be
Ireland."(BertLahrwho playedEstragoninBroadwayproduction).Doesthisreadingmake anysense?
Why? How?What?
Ans.Yes,we can interpretthe political readinginwhichVladimirstandforRussia,PozzostandforItaly,
Lucky standfor EnglandandEstragon stand forFrance.So, we can connectthisto the worldwar in
whichthese all countriesdestroyedbyGodotmeansGermanythatiswhyVladimiraskedtothe boythat
isGodot beating?Thenboyrepliedyes.Sowe connectGodotwithGermanymeansHitler,who
destroyedmanycountriesandkilledthousandsof people.Andotherinterpretationof PozzoandLucky
masterand slave inwhichwe connectPozzowithEnglandandLucky withIreland,sointhismatter
IrelandstrugglingalotwithEnglandandrecentlywe have seenBrexitpact.

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16) The more the thingschange,the more itremainssimilar.There seemstohave nochange inAct I and
Act II of the play.Eventhe conversationbetweenVladimirandthe Boysoundsalmostsimilar.Butthere
isone major change.In ActI, in replytoBoy;squestion,Vladimir says:
yes,there isachange inAct 1and Act 2. WheninAct 1 boycomesto themand askedVladimirthatwhatI
askedto Godotsir ? ThenVladimirrepliesthattell himthatyousaw us,andinAct 2 whenboyaskedthe
same questionandVladimirrepliesaquite different,thistimehe saysyoutell Godotthatyou saw me
not us.So,here comesself-perspective ,he thoughtthatif Godotcomesthenhe will save me and
Estragon wassleepingsohe wasn'tthoughtabouthim.AccordingtoVladimironlyhe deservedGod's
attentionorpresence.so,here we cansee self motiveof Vladimir.Itwasagreat change in bothact and it
questionsonhumanbeing,how apersonwaschanged.
29.Film of Postcolonial studies:1) Midnight's Children,2)The black
prince 3)The Reluctant Fundamental
Hello!Everyone,welcome tomyblog.
Here I am going to share my review upon three movies ,which
task was given by Dilipsir,so here it's
link; https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2015/09/postcolonial-
studies-film-screening.html?m=1
1) midnight's children

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It isa relatedwithpostcolonialstudyandverybestexampletostudyof postcolonial.
Storybeginwithfirstworldwarand withIndia'sdemocracyisverydarkestdecisionlikeEmergency.Also
speakaboutthree generationsstory.Here authorexplainhisexperience andrelate withNationborn.
Nationandprotagonistbothare bornon at same time.TwoMain character are there SalimandShivand
and Meri change the destinyof boththe childandhow the tragedyoccurs betweenthe children'slife
are portrayedhere
The MidnightChildrenfilmisacontroversial potboilerthathastragedy,romance andcomedy.A journey
of twoindividualsthroughthe tragicdisasters,trialsandtriumphsgivesyouanincomparable experience
of watchingIndiainthe earlyyearsof Independence .Here,alsothe gooduse of backgroundmusic
whichsymbolizemanything,the nose of Ghani familyalsoasymbol.The narrative techniquesalsoused
inverygood wayto understandthe story.Andalsoa camera focuswas excellent,whilethe Tajmahal
scene came that time camerafocusedmore on the poorconditionedhouse ratherthanTajmahal.So,
here filmtriedtoshowthe real Indiathroughcamera technique.
.
2)The Reluctantfundamental

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The ReluctantFundamentalistanovel writtenbyPakistani WriterMohsinHamidandthenadopted in
filmdirectedbyMiraNair in2014. The story isaboutthe youngman ChangezKhanwhoattractedto
AmericanBusinessculture.He wasan intellectualandrespectedpersoninAmericanwall streetbusiness
company. The ReluctantFundamentalistanovel writtenbyPakistaniWriterMohsinHamidandthen
adoptedinfilmdirectedbyMiraNairin 2014. The storyis aboutthe youngmanChangezKhanwho
attractedto AmericanBusinessculture.He wasanintellectual andrespectedpersoninAmericanwall
streetbusinesscompany. Thisiswhatpostcolonial studyisreflecting.Tolookatthingsand to believe is
not an easytask.One must have to see the gapsin literature,inhistory.There mustbe retailingof past
so that some minorthingswhichare nottakenintoconsiderationshouldgetreflected.We have tolook
at minornarrativesratherthan metanarrative inunderstandingthe thingsinbetterway.
3) The blackprince

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The Black Prince isa 2017 international historical dramafilmdirectedbyKavi Razand featuringthe
actingdebutof SatinderSartaaj.Ittellsthe storyof DuleepSingh,the lastMaharajahof the SikhEmpire
and the Punjabarea,and hisrelationshipwithQueenVictoria.The storyrevolvesaroundthe young
prince as he attemptsbothto regainhisthrone and reconcile himself withthe twoculturesof hisIndian
birthand Britisheducation.Here inmoviewe findissueslike ;Skincolour,Difference orclassismamong
Black people andwhite people,postcolonialism,political power,AboutqueenVictoriaandhispower.
DuleepSinghiseventuallyable toreestablishcontactwithhismotherandas a resultbeginsto
reconnectwiththe culture of hisbirth.DuleepattemptstoreturntoIndiato reclaimhiskingdom, butis
continuallythwartedbyBritishcolonial politics.Edwardneverbecame king - he diedbefore hisfather,
Edward III - he is rememberedasa greatmedieval militaryhero,withnotablevictoriesagainstthe
Frenchinthe HundredYearsWar.In the movie prince Duleepsinghplayroll asaprotagonist.Movie
reflectedgoodside of Britishgovernmentthoughprovidingsomanythingsforprince butPrince always
prefersconmanlife.Motherof the princesalsohate Britishgovernmentandpeople.

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30.Movie review:Chaplin's ' modern time'
25th June we are watchinga Charlie Chaplin'smovie 'moderntimes'.Itis alsopolitical satire.He
usedverysymbolictoolsinmovie.
He was a multi talentedmanbecause he wasgoodactor,director,writer,producerandalsomusic
compose inthe movie.One Personmanagedall thing.
Charlie Chaplin'smovie are mostlyminimumuse of language.duringhistime know age'silentera
movie'sohe presentmanycritical viewwithoutlanguagein movie.He use verycomictone in the
movie.
The trap workingonthe giantmachine inthe film'smostfamousscene.

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Movie startedwithinterestingview.He compare mancrowdwithsheepcrowd.It isnice organizationby
directorHowtechnologyhelpful?Andhow it'sharmful?Tothere are goodexample inthe movie.
Charlie Chaplinasa factoryworker.He mistake inworksothat he removedmanytime from
factory.As a resulthe became jobless.Especially he hasnot fulfilldesire of foodandcloth.Soin the
movie we canfindthat he saw dreamof food.Whenhe sleepsmore overhe wenttojail inmany times
throughpoliceman.
The othermaincharacter isGAMIN. She belongstoa poor family.she fatherwasunemployed. Itisa
bigproblem she become athief normallyforfood. She facedorphanconditionafterhisfatherdeath.
The last bothare hopeful.theysaylastisnotdie butwithhope.It issymbol of journey.

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Thank youDilipbardsir for organizingthismovie screening.
31. Comparisonbetweennovel " The scarlet letter" and movie " kya
khena " review

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1) what are the name of the the protagonist inbothwork
In the 'The scarletletter'novel protagonistcharacteris Hesterand'kya khena'movie protagonist
character ispriya
2) write theirstoryinbrief
"The scarletletterstory"
Characters: 1) Hester

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2) pearl : Hester daughter
3) Roger chillingworth:
Hesterhusband
4) ReverendArthurdimmesdale :Hesterlover
Haste ismain characterin the novel.Hesterismarriedwomen. Herhusbandisoutside atfew
years.So Hesterlivedwithouther husbandandparents.Thenshe fall inLove priestdimmesdale and
Dimmesdale alsolovedher.Bothare doingadulteryafterHesterbecomespregnantandDimmesdale
didn'taccept pubalically.Atendof the novel he hadaccept pubalically.Atendof the novel he had
acceptedhe isfatherof of Hesterchildand immediatelyhe wasthenagainHesterlive withher
daughter.
" Kya khenamoviesreview"
Character:1) Priya
2)Rahul
3)Ajay
Main character priya inmovie.priyaisbrave andclevergirl.She live withherfamily.She fall in
love withRahul andbecomespregnantburRahul doesnotaccept of Priya.She is alone.She lotsfights
alone withsocietyandgave birthof her child.Atthe endof movie Ajaypropose herandRahul alsowant
to marry withherbut she accept Ajayproposal andmovie become happyending.
3) What is the role playedbysocietyinHester'slife?
Accordingto novel Hester'slife like barren.She live withouthusband.Alwayssocietytosserof Hester
because of she become pregnantwithouthusband.Evensocietygive punishedkeptherprison.Society
believeone personunknowinglydeathreason.Hesteradulterysinandgivenpunishmentof hanging
thendimmesdaleconferenceshe ispearl'sfather.Aftersocietyrelease her.andagainshe live alone.

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4)What isthe role playedby societyinpriya'slife?
In the movie withoutmarge priyabecome pregnantsosocietydoesnotaccept.She isalone and
she fightwithsociety.Rahul doesnotacceptof priya.He belongtorich family.sopriyafamilysayabout
abortionbutshe doesnot readyand she facedmanyproblem.Societybelieveaboutpriyaisnotgood
girl.
5) Compare and contrastthe male character,Rogerchillingworth,ArthurDimmesdale,Rahul,andAjay.
personwhodeeplylovedPriyaevenshe waspregnantof Rahul'schildalthoughAjayThe male
characters RogerChillingworth,ArthurDimmesdale novel charactersandRahul ,Ajayare movie
characters.All male charactersare completelydifferentfromeachother.RogerChillingworthisHester's
husbandandArthur DimmesdaleisHester'slover,DimmesdaledeeplylovedHesterbuthe couldn’table
to publiclyaccepther.SomethingRahul couldn’t able toacceptPriyainpublicly.Butone thingis
contrast Dimmesdaleispriestwhile Rahul characterlike frailtyman,he isnothonestlike Dimmesdale.
Othercharacters like RogerChillingworthandAjay,RogerChillingworthcharacteriscompletelydifferent
fromothercharacters, Chillingworthisnotacceptedherwife becausehiswifebecome pregnantof
Dimmesdale'schild.While Ajaycharacterislike honestandkindreadytoaccepther.

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6) Compare andcontrast ‘The scaffoldscene inThe ScarletLetter’and‘a year-end
performance inKyaKehnainwhicha groupof studentsperformsaplayonPriya
Andher pregnancy’.
The scaffoldscene inThe scarletletteranda year-endperformance inkyakhenamovie bothsituation
itslike same butsomethingisdifferlike atthe endof novel Hesterdidstgive herlovername andany
suggestiontopeople.While kyakhenaendof movie inthe stage priyatriedtojustifyherself,she hadn't
done wrongdecisiontogivingbirthof childthatthingisnot doingHester inthe novel
7) What are the reasonsthatArthur Dimmesdale andRahul donotcome forwardto
accept theirfatherhood?Howdoyoutheydifferandwhatare the similarities?
Because ArthurDimmesdale ispriestthatwhyhe maybe afraidto society,how societyreactafter
societyknowinghisreality.WhileRahul belongtohighclassfamilythatwhymaybe he alsoafraidof
society.OtherreasonRahul characterlike frailtymanmaybe he is notreallylove forPriya
8)What isthe role playedbyChillingworthinHester’slife?Whydoyouthinkhe
wantedtotake revenge onHesterandDimmesdale?
ChillingworthisHesterhusband.He take revenge Because of Hesterlove forthisreasonhe
sexual heresmentmattuba.Andhe killedone person hisbeliefthatmanisDimmesdale.
9) What is the role playedbyRahul’smotherinPriya’slife?Whydoyouthinkshe
wantsto take revenge onPriya?
Priyabelongtorich classso Rahul motherdidn'taccept priyaas daughterinlow and she believedher
son isn'tdoingwrongthingat the firstmeetingevenpriya'sbrotherbithersonandshe believedpriyais
not theirstatusgirl.
10) Write a note on classdifferenceinKyaKehna.

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Priyabelongtomiddle classfamilyandRahul belongtorich family.
11) Whydo you thinkthe directorhasliftedthe characterof Ajayto the ideal state?Is
it possible inreal life?Whatare the reasonsof your YES or NO?
I saidthat according to myobservationonsociety
12) Howdo you see HesterandPriyaas individuals?
I see priyacharacter isstrong andbrave andshe face societybutHesterdoesnotfacedsociety
13) Write a critical note on the endof the movie andthe novel.Whydoyouthinkthe.
Both movie basedonsomething butdealingwithdifferentideas.Ithinkmaybe Hathrone representat
that time societyreal image.Therefore he hasnotgivenhappyendingof novel.

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32.Shashi Tharoor and Dark Era ofInglorious Empire
Isan Indianpolitician,writeand aformercareerinternational diplomat.
Shashi Tharooris one of the bestcritical thinker,waiter,Indianpoliticianandgoodspeakerandleader
also.He bornin London,UK,and raisedinIndiaand he beganhispolitical careerbyjoiningthe Indian
national Congressandsuccessful representedthe partyfromThiruvananthapuram, Ketalabywinningin
the Lok Sabha electionsandbeingaMemberof Parliament.The conference isanacclaimasa
considerable successof Tharoor.
Throor is an acclaimedwriterhavingauthored18nestlingworkof fictionandnonfictionsince 1981
whichare centeredonIndiaandit'shistoryculture,film,politics,society,foreignpolicyandmore related
themesinhisbook.

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About book:

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In thisbookmostof the argumentsparadedinfavorof the 'BritishRaj' bydiverse quartersand
puttingthemdown,wartsand all,inour place,andsome argumentsare limitedtospecificfields,which,
inturn are as diverse as,economics,mechanics of storage of foodgrains,ora historyof textiles,ship-
buildingandthe railways.
The book,"An Era of Darkness"isreferringthe ideaof postcolonial literature.Thisbookdescribe reality
and hiddenconditionof the era.I findsome interestingkey pointsrelatedtothe social,political,
economical andclassconflicts.Ergo,AnEra of Darknesswithoutadoubtthe mostimportantbookof
non- fiction
There numerousthingsthatmake the postcolonial wayof looking.Aneraof darknessrendersyeoman's
( meansworkingclasspeople) service tothe entire subjectof Indian'scolonial.
Shashi Tharoor wantsto teachesthe youngIndianthe importance of knowingthe pastandtalkingabout
it.Tharoor teachesus deepwayaboutSatire/Ironyandwisdom/learner'slicence.Throughthisbookhe
givesmarshalledargumentaboutIndia'scolonialencounter.Shashi Tharoorisone of the grand narrator
because,hisbookconyextof postcolonial wayof lookingverydeepanyeasilyunderstandby
Between30 million - 35 millionIndiansdiedof starvationduringthe BritishRaj.
In 1700, India's GDP was 27% of the world GDP, while in 1947, it had come down to 3 per cent.
Just to put things in perspective, in 1600, Britain's share of the global GDP was 1.8 per cent.

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33. Youth festival 2018. MKBU
Mharaja krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar university hascelebratedthe AIshwaryamyouth
festival of.There day26th,27th and 28th october.This.Festival isnotonlyfor watching.This festival let
younggenerationshowtheirtalentsthroughvariouscompetitions.

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In Thisyouthfestival everycollege show ownabilityandatrby theirtalentandgive some of
ideato dosomethingdifferentthiseventslike singing, writing, dancing,drawingandactingplayalso.I
was looksome of eventsthese. Ilike itandthus. I try to explainitinmywords.
RANGOlI

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Inour every functionrangoli isvery famousand useful art inthe world. There
make rangoli intraditionstyle withdifferentcolors.Some of use onlycolorandflowerandwatercolor
rope and manyotherthinguse in thiscompetitionandtryto became some thinggoodandshow their
ownway ability Theydrawdifferentsome of describeall religion,some of draw like FB,
1) shree kalagurudharmshi shahtheaterfirstdayperformance isinthistheater.Groupsongis perform
there

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2) POETRY RECITATION
In thiscompetitionthatwhenwe comesthattime theygive subjectandsayto write suddenly
inthis20- 25 studenthave take part inthiscompetition,andthissubjectlike,The storyof pen,feelingof
jungle girls, songof rainand storyof jungle girl describe thispoemfeelingmaraghare aavoMara ram
storyof SHABARI in the Ramayanamost of them
34.Prada's lost
Introduction

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Paradise Lost, Epic poemin blankverse,one of the late worksbyJohnMilton,originallyissuedin10
booksin1667 and, withbooks7 and 10 each splitintotwoparts , publishedin12 booksinthe second
editionof 1674.
Many scholarsconsiderParadise Losttobe one of the greatestpoemsinthe Englishlanguage .Ittells
the biblical storyof the fall fromgrace of Adam andEve inlanguage thatis a supreme achievementof
rhythmand sound. The 12 booksstructure ,the technique of beginninginmediasres,the invocationof
the muse,andthe use of the Epicquestionare all classicallyinspired.The subjectmatter,however,is
distinctlyChristian.
Summary:
WithRaphael’sdeparture forHeaven,the storynolongerconsistsof conversationsbetweenheavenly
beingsandhumankind.Miltonexplainsthathe mustnow turn to Adamand Eve’sactual act of
disobedience.The poemmustnowturntragic,and Miltonassertshisintentiontoshow thatthe fall of
humankindismore heroicthanthe talesof Virgil andHomer.He invokesUrania,the “Celestial
Patroness”(IX.21) andmuse of Christianinspiration,andasksforher to visithiminhissleepandinspire
hiswords,because he fearshe istoo oldand lacksthe creative powerstoaccomplishthe taskhimself.
He hopesnotto getcaught up inthe descriptionof unimportantitems,asVirgil andHomerdid,andto
remainfocusedonhisultimate anddivinetask.

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Satan returnsto the Gardenof Edenthe nightafterRaphael’sdeparture.Satan’sreturncomeseight
daysafter he was caught and banishedbyGabriel.He sneaksinoverthe wall,avoidingGabriel andthe
otherguards.Afterstudyingall the animalsof the Garden,Satanconsiderswhatdisguise he should
assume,andchoosestobecome a snake.Before he cancontinue,however, he againhesitates—not
because of doubtthistime,butbecause of hisgrief at notbeingable toenjoythiswondrousnew world.
He strugglestocontrol histhoughts.He now believesthatthe Earth ismore beautiful thanHeavenever
was,and becomesjealousof AdamandEve andtheirchosenstatusto occupy and maintainParadise.He
gripesthatthe excessbeautyof Earthcauseshimto feel more tormentandanguish.Gatheringhis
thoughtsintoaction,he findsa sleepingserpentandentersitsbody.
The nextmorning,AdamandEve prepare fortheirusual morninglabors.Realizingthattheyhave much
workto do, Eve suggeststhattheywork separately,sothattheymightgetmore workdone.Adamisnot
keenonthisidea.He fearsthat theywill be more susceptible toSatan’stemptationif theyare alone.
Eve,however,iseagertohave herstrengthtested.Aftermuchresistance,Adamconcedes,asEve

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promisesAdamthatshe will returntotheirbowersoon.Theygooff to do theirgardening
independently.
1) Write a critical note oncharacter of Eve.
Eve is the most importantcharacterinParadise Lost,she is the one whofirsteatsthe ForbiddenFruit
and thenconvincesAdamtoeatit. because she afraidtogod and Satanrevenge istotempeve is
successin there planafterthisall thingsAdamthingsthat,
"ShouldGodcreate anotherEve,and I
Anotherribafford,yetlossof thee
here iswe see that Adamis drivenbyhumanemotionbecause Adamloveeve Hisintentionsisnot
temptedorforced uponhim.He,after deepthinking,decidestobe onthe side of Eve ratherthan God.

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inthisthinkingwe nowknowthateve'scharacter strongthengod. Adamisaccept the thingsalsoSatan
drivenbyeve'sbeautysothispointsclearthat eve characteris main inthe poem.
2) Whose argumentsdidyoufindmore convincing?
Ans:- I thinkeve'sargumentsare more convincing.because,we cansee logicinherargument.
whenshe argueswithAdamaboutwork andshe wantedto go to anotherplace.she argues thatwhen
theyare togethertheywaste time inwatchingeachotherandinsingingsongsof love soif theydo work
separate theywon'twaste time.whenSatancame as a serpentittoldherto eat the fruitbut she argued
aboutGod's punishment.

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. . . her rashhand inevil hour
Forth reachingtothe fruit,
She pluck'd,she eat;
Earth feltthe wound,and
Nature fromher seat
Sighingthroughall herworks
Gave signsof woe,
That all was lost.
Q:- Howdo youlookat Divine Perspective inthe Genesisof The HolyBible andHumanPerspectivein
JohnMilton'sParadise LostBook IX?

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divine perspective:inGenesisthe fall isnarratedfromgod'sperspectiveobviouslygodisthe centerof
bible eve,Adam,andSatan,fall happensgod punishedall three,the entirestoryof genesisisobviously,
god centric.
humanperspective:inMilton'sParadise lostbook9we findthe same story toldfromHuman
perspective.
we findeatthe fruitwas to gainknowledge toknow goodandevil.togivingintentionisinfavorof
humanrather thanGod.

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secondlywe findthatAdamhasalso reasonof doingthat.he disobeyGodoutof his love towardsthe
Eve.
(Kenneth breach’s 'Hamlet ' based on 'Hamlet' by William Shakespeare
35.Hamlet is longest play by William Shakespeare
( Characters)
1) Hamlet: son of the late king
2)Gertrude: Hamlet's mother
3) claudius: Hamletuncle
4)ophelia: hamletloverandpolonius'sdaughter
5)Laertes: polonius's sonandOphelia'sbrother
6) Horatio :Hamletbestfriend

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1) How faithful isthe movie tothe original play?
Ans: This filmislongandwithmanydialoguesandshakespear'sworldof Hamletisfullypresented
inthisfilm. So plot, sub-plotof Original same inthe Film.
But It's hard to tell movie iscopyas original text. because of few differentinthe filmso
sahakespeare made hamletin16thcenturybut costumesinthe playof victorianage
2) Afterwatchingmovie have yourperceptionaboutplay aboutplay,characteror situation
changed?
Ans: may be after watching the movie, My perception about play character , or situations
changed play present well and many character critical and hamlet and Horatio

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friendship is well. mr.critical and hamlet and Horatio friendship well. I doknow
about hamlet play.
3) Do youfeel catharsiswhileorafterwatchingmovie?
Ans: yesl feel "aestheticdelight" while watchingthe movie.hamletandhismother relenship itisvery
interestingpartof movie
4) Do you feel catharsis while orafterwatchingmovie?
Ans: yes I feel catharsis in some scene first hamlet come to known about his
friend ophelia death and next ophelia come to know about his father's murder by
hamlet and Lets
5) Doesscreeningof movie helpyouinthe betterunderstandingof the play
Ans: Yes the screeningof the isthe veryhelpful andunderstandingof the movie all characters,
dialoguesandemotianalsfeelings,situationare all the clearinthe origional play
6) Was there anyparticularscene or a momentina movie thatyou will cherishlifetime?
Ans: yesI will cherishlifetimeinmovie .Such as HamletandHoratio goodfriendbothare helpfull for
friend
7) If youare the directorwhat change wouldyoulike tomake inremarkingof movie on
shakespere'sHamlet?
Ans: If I am directorof shakespere's HamletIwouldliketofirstl put sortdialogand l keepend
happywithoutdeathmajorcharacter
8) Inthe beginningof the movie camerarollsoverthe statue

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Ans: The statue is sybolyof hamlet
9) while studyingthe playthroughmovie whichapproachdoyoufindmore applicable?
Ans: while studyingthe playthroughmovie Ifoundfeministapproachmore applicable Ifoundthat
Gertrude isbeinglovedbykingHamletandClaudiusaswell asboththe mentreats herverywell. Buton
the otherside Hamletwhoseemsasmisogynistuse abusingwordsnotonlyforhisloverOpheliabuthis
motheralsohe is shokedwhenhismotherremarriedafterthe deathof kingHamletimmediately
36."DR.fausts:christopher Marlowe"
1.
1)The playdirectedby matthewdunsterforglobe theatre ends withthisscene ( See the image of
lucifer).whatdoesitsignify?
Ans: The playdirected bymatthewdunster endswithlucifer spreadig hiswigitsignifythe great
powerand spirit.the scene of mephistothilisand rularof hell.
2) Isgod presentinthe play?
Ans:yesgod ispresentinthe playbut physicallynotappearbecause the evilispresentinthe play.the
character of old manand good angle issymbolized there isgod

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3)What readingand interpretationcanbe giventothise image (see the image of daedalusandlcarus)
withreference tocentral theme of the playdr.faustus?
Ans:Thisimagesisdaedulusandlcarusbasedon greekmythology.the image of symbolizethe reletion
betwee fatherandson.dr.faustusinlastscene luciferspreadinghiswingsitsalsoreflectionof greek
painting.
4)How doyou interpretthispaintig
Ans:thispaintingvillage type. there farmerisfarmiginhisfarmerandsheped withsheeps.andnear
bigpond and many thertree

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