RKUD 3030, Irkhs, IIUM/UIAM

1. METHODS OF
DA’WAH
Part 4
RKUD 3030

2. 1. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did as what he said.
2. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did not compromise as far as
Islam was concerned.
3. The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s approach was gentle and full
of love.
4. The Prophet (a.s.w.) always thought of lessening the
burden for his Ummah.
5. Disbelievers’ Bribes did not make the Prophet
(a.s.w.) stop his mission.
6. The Prophet (a.s.w.) did not compromise as far as al-
Shari‘ah was concerned.
2

3.  The Prophet (a.s.w.) acts according to his words, and
therefore, his actions reflect his words.
‘Aishah (r.a.) said that every thing he said or acted is al-Qur’an.
Thus, he demonstrated the highest moral and wholesome
personality as a model for mankind.
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬)
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫ل (ا‬‫ل‬‫للل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫)للللللل:ا‬21(
“You have indeed in the Messenger of God, a beautiful pattern
(of conduct) for any one whose hope is in God and the Final
Day, and who engages much in the praise of God.” (al-Ahzab:
21) 3

4.  He is the most patient and most consistent of all
prophets. He was one of the four prophets known as
ulu al-’azm:
‫لللا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬)
‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫ل... (ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫)للللللل:ا‬35(
“Therefore patiently persevere, as did (all) messengers of
inflexible purpose; and be in no haste about the (Unbelievers)…”
(al-Ahqaf: 35).
 The burden of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.)'s
responsibility was extremely heavy compared with 4

5.  He has to guide all mankind until the Day of
Judgment.
 Allah has revealed to him, the teachings and
methodology of all other prophets but his
way of preaching and teaching were not
revealed to other prophets.
 The importance of the Prophet Muhammad's
methodology lies in his status as the last
and final Prophet and his finality of his
message of Islam.
5

6. When the non-Muslim asked him for
compromise, offering to worship only Allah if
Muhammad would worship their idols, then
the Surah al-Kafirun was revealed.
 ‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬)
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬* ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫للا‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫لل‬‫ل‬* ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬* ‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬* ‫ا‬ 6

7. ◦ Once a Bedouin urinated in the Mosque and the companions of
the Prophet (a.s.w.) were very angry and intended to chase him
away. The Prophet (a.s.w.), however, asked them to let the boy
finished first and then just washed it away.
◦ Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was informed by the Revelation about
the incident where Prophet Musa (a.s.) and Prophet Harun (a.s.)
had to go and speak to Fir’aun softly.
 ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ )
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫للا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫*ا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫)لل:ا‬ ‫ل (ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
43-44(
 "Go, both of you, to Pharoah, for he has indeed transgressed all bounds; But
speaks to him mildly; perchance he may taking warning or fear (God).”
(Taha: 43-44) 7

8.  He had prayed to Allah to reduce the obligatory
prayers from 50 times to 5 times only.
 For sick people (Muslims), those who could not
pray standing, they could pray sitting. For those
who could not pray sitting, they could pray while
lying down.
 Islam forbids its followers to fast for the whole
year.
 It is Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Sunnah to get married
based on mutual consent based on a moderate
way suitable for all people.
8

9.  The Arab disbelievers tried very hard to bribe the Prophet
(a.s.w.) by offering to him money, influential position and
woman in order to abandon his mission.
 However, the Prophet (a.s.w.) offered no compromise.
 ‫لللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫للل‬ ‫للا‬ ‫لل‬ ‫لللا‬
‫للللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫للل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫للل‬
‫لللللا‬ ‫للا‬ ‫للا‬ ‫"لللل‬
‫لللللللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫لللل‬
‫لللا‬ ‫للا‬‫للللل‬ ‫لا‬‫للللل‬
‫للللللا‬ ‫لللا‬ ‫للللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬
‫لللللا‬ ‫لللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫لللل‬ ‫للا‬
."‫ل‬ ‫للل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫للل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫للل‬
‫للللللللا‬ ‫للللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫لل‬ ‫)لللللللا‬
‫لللللا‬ ‫لللا‬ ‫لا‬ ‫لل‬ ‫لللللا‬ 9

10.  The theft done by Fatimah bint al-Aswad. As this lady
came from royal family of Bani Makhzum and highly
respected by the Quraish, some of the Companions would
like her to be free from punishment.
 None of them dared to speak of it. Finally, they sent
‘Usamah ibn Zaid to speak about this as he was loved by
Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.). Then this was followed by
other people.
 The Prophet (a.s.w.) replied, "The people (before you)
were destroyed because when important people stole,
they were let off. If ordinary people did steal, then they
were punished."
10

11.  The well-known command of Allah in al-Nahl: 125 is
the foundation of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.)'s
method of Da’wah.
) ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬
‫للا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫لا‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫ل (ا‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫لل‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫)لللللا :ا‬
125( ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Methods of Da‘wah consist of
three components:
1. Wisdom 11

13.  Scholars unanimously agree that the
Qur’an and the Sunnah (sayings, actions
and tacit approval) of the Prophet
(a.s.w.) are the most important sources
of wisdom.
 One of the names of Allah is al-Hakim.
When Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was a
child, the Angel came and opened his
chest after cleaning it filled it with Iman
and wisdom.
13

14.  In the whole life of Muhammad
(a.s.w.), whatsoever he said, did and
approved all were done based on
wisdom.
 Thus, we could say that the preaching
of Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) is
based on the wisdom and guidance of
Allah.
14

15.  Based on (16:125) (26:24) (74:1-6)
 i) The wisdom of the Prophet
◦ Secret Preaching
 first 3 yrs
 only to his close friends and families (26:24) – Khadijah, ‘Ali, Zaid Harithah, Abu Bakr, Bilal al-
Rabbah, Uthman al-‘Affan, al-Zubair al-‘Awwam, ‘Abdul Rahman al-‘Auf and Sa’ad Abi
Waqqas
Methods:
 - personal touch (wife and friends)
 - invitation to food
 - good listener and talk only when necessary
 Reason for adopting this strategy: the number of the earlier Muslims are too small, weak and
on the risk of being destroyed, therefore open preaching should be abandoned
◦ Open Preaching (15:14)
 the next 10 years in Makkah and another 10 years in Madinah
 the wisdom of the first strategy of secret preaching has proven successful when the Prophet
started his open preaching
 the challenges faced by the Muslims as a result of the aggression made upon them by the
Quraish can be handled effectively because of the large number of quality followers
 as a result of a good foundation of ‘aqidah, Muslims are willing to sacrifice their livings,
families, properties and then resulted to the establishment of the best Ummah in Madinah and
Mecca

16. ◦ Respect to Abu Sufyan in the year of opening Makkah
◦ Fair treatment to Kuffar, the hostages of Badr (17 Ramadan, 2nd Hijrah) –
release them provided they teach 10 Muslim children to read and write
◦ The Content of the Hudaybiyyah Treaties
 Suhail bin ‘Amr (chief negotiator for the Quraish)
 Changes : in Basmalah and in the Prophet’s name
 Agreement: i) cease fire for 10 yrs
 ii) Quraish who run to Madinah – need to return them (apostacy)
 iii) Muslim who run to Makkah – no need to return them (spread Islam)
 iv) All the Arab tribes can now associate with the Muslim
 v) Muslim to perform Hajj on the next year (with a bigger number of
pilgrims (10 000)
Wisdom:
i) Muhammad has been recoqnized as a leader of a new group and no
more aggression on him
 ii) The recognition of an Islamic State in Madinah
 iii) The recognition of the right for the Muslim to visit Baitullah for Hajj
 iv) The recognition of Islam as one of the religion

17.  ii) Mau’izatul Hasanah of the Prophet (9:128)
(21:107)
◦ he is the best advisor and counselor to all human beings
◦ he is kind and compassionate
◦ he was asked to speak only the best word even to
enemy (17:53)
◦ lesson: abstain in futile argument and quarrel in the
disputable issues in fiqh

18.  iii) Mujadillah billati hiya ahsan of the Prophet
(20:49-51) (29:46)
◦ he was exposed with the past experience of Prophets
such as Prophet Moses with Pharaoh, Prophet Ibrahim
with King Namrod in da’wah
◦ demonstrate noble personality, character in argument
◦ not allow to baseless accusations, making fun of them for
merely to win the argument
◦ should avoid unhappy conflict and to create peace

19.  Politeness in da’wah
 Using right method to the right mad’u (study
must be conducted earlier to determine the
appropriate method to be applied)
 By example (da’wah bi al-Hal) (the most
effective method and can be demonstrated by
each and every Muslim)

20. The Prophet (a.s.w.)’s Wisdom of
Preaching in Mecca:
a)Wisdom of his personal and secret
preaching (Sirriyyah).
b)Wisdom of open preaching
(Jahriyyah).
20

21.  The Prophet (a.s.w.) received the first revelation
on the 17th
of Ramadan, or 6th
August 610 AC.
 Then, he was commanded in another revelation
to preach to his close relatives.
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬)
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
( ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬
‫)ررررررر:ع‬214(
21

22.  He also received the following revelation:
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ررع ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫رر‬‫ر‬ )
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬* ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫*ع‬
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫*ع‬ ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ررر‬‫ر‬ ‫*ع‬ ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ررع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫*ع‬ ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬
‫*ع‬ ‫رع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫رع‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ر (ع‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ررر:ع‬‫ر‬‫)ررر‬1-7( ‫ع‬ 22

23.  In the first early three years in Mecca, the Prophet
(a.s.w.) preached personally and individually to his
friends and family.
 To his wife Khadijah (r.a.) and friends, he used the
personal touch to speak and to convey the message.
 To his relatives, he conveyed the messages after
having invited them for food and after they had taken
their food.
 Among the first new Muslims are: Khadijah Binti
Khuwailid, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Zaid ibn Harithah, Abu
Bakr al-Siddiq,’Uthman ibn Affan, Al-Zubair ibn
Al-’Awwam, ‘ Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Auf, Sa'ad ibn Abi
al-Waqqash and others.
23

24.  After the number of Muslims reached thirty,
Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) chose the house of
al-Arqam ibn Abi Arqam, who was his
Companion to teach Islam to the new Muslims.
 Wisdom in the personal and private preaching is
that the conditions of the Jahilliyyah (pre-
Islamic Era) did not allow him to preach openly.
24

25.  The Prophet (a.s.w.)’ Da‘wah is more effective
through the individual and private ways.
 His preaching was done face to face between
the Prophet (a.s.w.) as a Da‘i and his wife or
friends as mad’u of which the personality and
sincerity of the Prophet (a.s.w) could move the
hearts of the mad’u.
 The mad’u also could ask any question from
the da‘i.
25

26.  All Muslim scholars assert that when
the number of the Muslims is too
small and weak and there is the risk
of being destroyed, open preaching
should be abandoned as the Ummah
has to look after the safety of Muslim.
(al-Buti, Fiqh al-Sirah, 94)
26

27.  Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) invited the family of
‘Abd al-Muttalib to a feast in his house including
Abu Lahab. After the meal, the Prophet (a.s.w.)
was about to speak; suddenly Abu Lahab came
up and said:
"Here are your uncles and children from your uncles. Please stop the
deviations. You have attacked the religion of our tribe. Please do not
enrage the whole Arab tribes. Our tribe would not be able to fight with
them. We know of your purpose to change our religion and ask us to
follow the deviations so that we leave our traditional way of
worshipping the great ancestors. =
27

28. =Be careful of your safety and that of our generation. It is not
hard for the Arab tribe to attack and kill you. They will not let
you do this.
Return to the religion of your ancestors or we will jail you
until you are free from sickness. We must educate you until
your thinking is healthy. It is rational for your family to
educate you, to catch you, and to jail you when you continue
with your stand. It is easier for us to do this than to let the
Quraysh seizes you together with other Arabs. I have never
seen any one who brought so much misfortunate to your
own family…” (Trans. from Muhammad Natsir, 1978:160-
161).
28

29.  Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) just kept quiet and let
his relatives to go home. Then he invited the same
group again including Abu Lahab for the second
time.
 He stood up and said:
"I praise Allah. I praise Him and asked help from Him and surrendered
myself to Him. I witness there is no god but Allah and nothing associates
itself to him. Verily, an uncle would not cheat his members, if you say I
cheat the world, I would not do so to my family. By Allah, there is no god
but He, verily I am the Messenger of Allah especially for you and for all
men. Verily, Allah has ordered me to warn you according to His words
"and admonish your nearest relative.“=
29

30. =I am calling you to the two words, which are easy at your lips but
hard to be weighted. That is, there is no god but Allah and I am
His messenger.
By Allah, you will die as when you fall asleep and wake up.
Certainly, you will be responsible for your deeds. You will be paid
rewards for your good deeds and punished for your bad deeds.
Heaven and hell are eternal.
O Bani ‘Abd al-Muttalib, by Allah, I know no man in the land of
Arabia who can place before his kinsfolk a more excellent offer
than that which I now make to you. I offer you the happiness of
this world and that of the Next. Allah has commanded me to call
you unto Him. Which of you, then, will help me in this, and be my
brother and my successor among you?"
30

31.  After the third year, Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.)
turned to preach openly when Allah (s.w.t.) revealed
to him:
‫رو‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ررو‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫رو‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬)
‫ر (و‬‫ر‬‫رر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫)ررررر:و‬94( ‫و‬ ‫و‬
"Therefore proclaim openly that which you are commanded,
and turn away from al-mushrikun.“ (al-Hijr: 94)
 In obedience to this command, the Prophet (a.s.w.)
gathered the Quraysh before the hill of al-Safa.
Standing on the hill, he asked the people:
“O people! If I inform you that there is a troop of
soldiers coming to attack you from the yonder hills, would
you believe me?" The people said, “We have never heard
you telling a lie."
31

32.  Then, raising his voice he said:
“I have come to you as a warner, and if
you do not respond to warning,
punishment will fall upon you”.
 However, Abu Lahab, his uncle
interrupted and said:
“May you perish! Did you gather us only
for this reason?” Then he went away.
32

33. 1. As the last Prophet, Muhammad (a.s.w.) has
obligations to communicate the message openly
after the followers of Islam had reached to a certain
number.
2. His first call in the open was full of wisdom as he
did not directly deliver the message, but firstly
confirmed the people's trust in him before
conveying the message.
33

34. 3. Throughout 10 years of open preaching, various
persecutions, and sufferings had trained the
Companions to become the best people, and
they were willing to sacrifice their life, family,
property and every thing for the sake of Islam.
4. Through these unending sufferings, the
foundation of the khayr al-Ummah had been lain
down in Makkah.
34

35.  Allah (s.w.t.) had chosen Muhammad (a.s.w.) as
His Messenger and Prophet to warn the people
of the Last Judgment.
 People must accept God’s sovereignty over
them and mend their ways.
 They have to give to God the worship that was
His due and to follow certain acts of ‘ibadah and
moral instructions in both their individual and
social lives.
35

36.  Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was the last and the
seal of the Prophets.
 He was the best adviser and counselor for the
whole of mankind.
 He was just, kind and compassionate. He has been
described as ra’uf (kind), rahim (merciful) and
rahmatan lil-’alamin (a mercy for all creatures).
 Throughout his life, he was deeply involved with
calling people to the goodness of both worlds,
Dunya (Earthly life which is temporary) and Akhirah
(Hereafter life which is everlasting).
36

37. ) ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ممم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫م (ع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫)مممممم:ع‬128(
"Now has come unto you an Apostle from among yourselves; it grieves him that you
should perish, ardently anxious over you: to the believers, is he most kind ( ra’uf)
and merciful (rahim). (al-Tawbah: 128)
Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was asked to convey to the those who worship Allah
alone to speak only best words. Allah (s.w.t.) says:
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)
‫مع ... (ع )ممممممم:ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬53(
"And say to My servants (worshippers) that they should say those things that are best."
(al-Isra`: 53).
37

38.  Allah (s.w.t.) revealed to Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) the methods of previous
Prophets while dealing with those who opposed them.
1. He was revealed to the argument of the Prophet Musa with Fir‘aun.
‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ممع *ع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬)
‫*ع‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬* ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مع م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫مم (ع )مم:ع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬52(
“(When this message was delivered) (Fir‘aun) asked, "Who then, O Moses, is the Lord of you
two?" He said: “Our Lord is He who gave to each thing its form and nature, and then guided it
aright.“ (Fir‘aun) said: “What then is the condition of previous generations. He replied: "The
knowledge of that is with my Lord, duly recorded. My lord neither errs nor forgets." (Taha: 49-51)
38

39.  Fir‘aun did not intend to submit to Allah, but wanted to trap
Musa, and to make the whole audience reject Musa. So he
asked him of the conditions of previous generations.
 If the answer that they were idol worshippers, and to be
condemned into hell. Then, the whole audience would be
angered at Musa.
 So Musa only answered, the records of previous generation
is with the Lord. Allah never forgets and never make
mistakes.
 By this, Musa made it clear that he was concerned with the
life of Fir‘aun and his salvation. Whatsoever was over was
not his concern, and he could do nothing to undo it.
39

40. 2. Allah (s.w.t.) revealed to the Prophet (a.s.w.) the argument of Ibrahim (a.s.) with
King Namrud. Allah (s.w.t.) says:
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)
‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫مممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مع م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ممم‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ممم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫م (ع )مممممم:ع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬258(
"Had you not turned your vision to one who disputed with Ibrahim about his Lord because Allah had granted him power?
Ibrahim said, "My Lord is one who gave life and death." He said, "I also gave life and death". But it is Allah who causes
the sun to rise in the East and do you then cause him to rise in the west? Thus the disbeliever utterly defeated. And Allah
guides not the people who are unjust.” (2:258)
40

41.  Prophet Muhammad (a.s.w.) was asked not to engage with futile arguments
with People of Book but only argue with the best means.
‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)
‫مممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬
‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مممع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫ممع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫م (ع‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫مم‬‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
‫)مممممممم:ع‬46(
"Dispute not with the people of the Book except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be
with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury) but say, we believed in the Revelation which had
come down to us and what came down to you. Our God and your God is One and it is to Him we
bow." (al-Ankabut :46).
41

42. The above Qur’anic verse shows us the right way how to
deal with others and especially with Ahl al-Kitab. Thus, we
Muslims should:
1.avoid arguments that disrupt the harmony of Muslims
and Ahl al-Kitab,
2.avoid mere disputations as they create confusion only,
3.adopt a way sanctioned by Allah. It is exceptional if the
Ahl al-Kitab just wanted to harm us.
4.look for common points such as God is the Creator of
every thing. We believe in the revelation they received.
Our God and their God is One and we bow and submit.
42

44. Term society means:
a system in which people live together in
organized communities
 people in general
 a community of people living in a particular
country or region and having shared customs,
laws, organizations, etc.
 a club or an association
 an organization of people formed for a particular
purpose. Etc,

45.  Islam pays due respect of other’s faith, race and ethnic
and promote a life of harmony with each other. Allah
says ; “If Allah had pleased He would have created all
human being a single nation but He did not do so in
order to test them, that is to say whether they can live
in harmony with each other despite of their differences
in laws and ways of life (5:48)
 Islam accepts the concept of dignity of all children of
Adam (17:70) – irrespective of their race, tribe,
nationality and languages.
 Islam asserts the different beliefs and ways of
worshipping God – does not insult those whom
disbelievers worship their God. (6:108)
 No religious place should be demolished. (22: 40).

46. We Muslims have to preach Islamic values to others through
inter-religious relations, like inter-faith or inter-religious dialogue.
We have to bear in mind that:
1.All men are equally the object of the Muslim’s Da‘wah
2.The Muslim cannot rest until all men have achieved divine
purpose related to their creation.
3.Priorities: The nearer being always the first entitled to the
Muslim’s efforts; but the most distant being finally just as entitled
to those efforts as the nearest.
4.The first condition Islam lays for such effort is that it involves
no coercion or compulsion.
46

47. 5. The Qur’an specifies the means of persuasion to be
used (Q 16:125), knowing the trickery of inter-human
relations and the possibility of brainwashing,
pressuring, etc.
6. If non-Muslims are not convinced, the Muslim will leave
them alone. But certainly the Muslim is to try again and
never give up.
7. As long as resistance is ideational, the Muslim is bound
to respect it.
8. The recourse to violence is justified only to put an end
to the violent obstruction, never to force the non-
Muslims into conversion to Islam.
47

48. 9. All men are equal members of a universal
religious brotherhood under the concept of din al-
fitrah (original religion).
10. Rather than seeking to find out how much other
religions agree with each other, if at all, let us see
how far both religious traditions agree with din al-
fitrah.
11. Seeking the historical development of religious
traditions whether they are in agreement with din
al-fitrah or not, rather than assuming that each
religion is Divine.
48