3. Chapter
15-3
Tiga Jenis Utama Organisasi Bisnis :
The Corporate Form of Organization
Perusahaan
Perseorangan
Persekutuan Perseroan
4. Chapter
15-4
Modal Saham atau Sistem Saham
The Corporate Form of Organization
Hak-hak pemegang saham :
1. Untuk membagi laba dan rugi secara proporsional.
2. Untuk ikut serta dalam manajemen secara
proporsional (hak untuk memilih direktur).
3. Untuk membagi aset perusahaan secara proporsional
jika terjadi likuidasi.
4. Untuk ikut serta secara proporsional dalam setiap
penerbitan saham baru dari kelompok yang sama —
disebut sebagai hak istimewa atau preemptive right.
5. Chapter
15-5
Berbagai Kepentingan Kepemilikan
The Corporate Form of Organization
Saham biasa mewakili hak kepemilikan dasar.
Risiko terbatas jika terjadi kerugian.
Menerima manfaat jika perusahaan sukses.
Tidak dijamin akan menerima dividen atau pembagian
aktiva bila perusahaan dilikuidasi.
Saham preferen atau Preferred stock berdasarkan
pada kontrak, dimana pemegang saham ini tidak memiliki
hak suara, namun dijamin akan menerima dividen dan
prioritas untuk mengklaim laba.
7. Chapter
15-7
Saham di otorisasi – Saham ditawarkan
untuk dijual – Saham diterbitkan
Masalah akuntansi :
1. Saham dengan nilai pari.
2. Saham tanpa nilai pari.
3. Saham yang dijual atas dasar pesanan.
4. Saham yang digabungkan dengan sekuritas
lain.
5. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam transaksi
non-kas.
6. Biaya penerbitan saham.
Penerbitan Saham
8. Chapter
15-8
Akun yang harus dicatat:
Saham Preferen atau Saham Biasa.
Tambahan Modal Disetor : Agio atau Disagio
Saham
Saham Dengan Nilai Pari
9. Chapter
15-9
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham pada harga
$4,100. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat adalah:
Kas 4,100
Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000
Agio Saham Biasa 1,100
Contoh Kasus
10. Chapter
15-10
Vikings Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham
biasa dengan nilai pari $10 per saham pada harga
$2,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat adalah:
Kas 2,000
Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000
Disagio Saham Biasa 1,000
Contoh Kasus
11. Chapter
15-11
Alasan penerbitan Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari (No-
Par Stock) :
Menghindari kewajiban kontinjen.
Adanya kerancuan dalam hubungan antara
nilai pari dan nilai pasar wajar.
Saham Tanpa Nilai Pari
Beberapa negara yang mengijinkan penerbitan
saham tanpa nilai pari mensyaratkan adanya nilai
tetapan (stated value) .
12. Chapter
15-12
Shinobi Corporation menerbitkan 600 lembar saham
biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan harga $10,200. Buat ayat
jurnal yang harus dicatat apabila (a) saham tanpa stated
value, dan (b) saham memiliki nilai tetapan sebesar $2
per lembar.
Kas 10,200
Saham Biasa 10,200
Ayat jurnal:
Contoh :
Kas 10,200
Saham Biasa (600 x $2) 1,200
Tambahan Modal disetor 9,000
a.
b.
13. Chapter
15-13
Akun yang harus dicatat :
1. Pesanan Saham Biasa atau Preferen, dan
2. Piutang Pesanan Saham Biasa/Preferen
Saham Dijual Atas Dasar Pesanan
14. Chapter
15-14
Landmark Corp. menawarkan saham atas dasar
pesanan pada masyarakat yang memberikan hak
untuk membeli 10 lembar saham (nilai pari $5)
pada harga $20 per lembar saham. 50 org
menerima tawaran tersebut dan menyetujui
membayar 50% uang muka serta 50% sisanya
pada akhir bulan ke-enam.
Buat jurnal untuk mencatat pada saat :
1. Pemesanan saham diterima
2. Pelunasan (enam bulan kemudian).
Contoh :
15. Chapter
15-15
Pada saat Pemesanan Saham:
Piutang Pesanan $10,000
Pesanan Saham Biasa $ 2,500
Tambahan Modal Disetor yang Melebihi Nilai Pari $ 7,500
(untuk mencatat penerimaan pesanan 500 lbr saham)
Kas $ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan $ 5,000
(untuk mencatat penerimaan angsuran pertama)
Pada saat Pelunasan:
Kas $ 5,000
Piutang Pesanan $ 5,000
(untuk mencatat pelunasan pesanan saham)
Pesanan Saham Biasa $ 2,500
Saham Biasa $ 2,500
16. Chapter
15-16
Dua metode alokasi yang tersedia :
1. Metode proportional
2. Metode incremental
Saham Yang Diterbitkan dengan Sekuritas Lain
17. Chapter
15-17
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham biasa
dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham preferen dengan
nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus (lump sum) seharga
$14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa $20 per lembar, dan saham
preferen $90 per lembar.
Contoh:
Number Amount Total Percent
Common stock 300 x 20.00
$ = 6,000
$ 40%
Preferred stock 100 x 90.00 9,000 60%
Fair Market Value 15,000
$ 100%
Allocation: Common Preferred
Issue price 14,200
$ 14,200
$
Allocation % 40% 60%
Total 5,680
$ 8,520
$
Proportional
Method
18. Chapter
15-18
Contoh:
Kas 14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50) 5,000
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Proportional):
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen 3,520
Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 2,680
19. Chapter
15-19
Primal Rage Corporation menerbitkan 300 lembar saham biasa
dengan nilai pari $10 dan 100 lembar saham preferen dengan
nilai pari $50 untuk dijual sekaligus (lump sum) seharga
$14,200. Nilai pasar saham biasa $20 per lembar, sedangkan
saham preferen tidak diketahui.
Contoh:
Number Amount Total
Common stock 300 x 20.00
$ = 6,000
$
Preferred stock 100 x -
Fair Market Value 6,000
$
Allocation: Common Preferred
Issue price 14,200
$
Common (6,000)
Total 6,000
$ 8,200
$
Incremental
Method
20. Chapter
15-20 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock.
Contoh:
Kas 14,200
Saham Preferen (100 x $50) 5,000
Ayat Jurnal (Metode Incremental):
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Preferen 3,200
Saham Biasa (300 x $10) 3,000
Tambahan Modal disetor-Saham Biasa 3,000
21. Chapter
15-21
Aturan Umum: perusahaan harus mencatat
saham yang diterbitkan untuk jasa atau
kekayaan selain kas berdasarkan :
Nilai pasar yang wajar dari saham yang
diterbitkan atau
Pada nilai pasar wajar dari penerimaan
bukan kas,
Mana yang dapat ditentukan secara lebih jelas .
Saham Yang Diterbitkan Dalam Transaksi Non-Kas
22. Chapter
15-22
Contoh:
Tanah 80,000
Saham Biasa (24,000 x $1) 24,000
Pada 1 April diterbitkan 24,000 lembar saham biasa untuk
ditukarkan dengan sebidang tanah yang ditawarkan dengan
harga $90,000; nilai pasar wajar dari tanah tersebut
$80,000. Ayat jurnal yang dibuat :
Tambahan Modal disetor 56,000
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1 per
lembar.
23. Chapter
15-23
Contoh :
Paten 50,000
Saham Biasa (10,000 x $1) 10,000
Pada 1Aug. diterbitkan lagi 10,000 lembar saham biasa
dengan harga $50,000 yang akan ditukarkan dengan Paten
yang belum dapat ditetapkan nilai pasarnya. Ayat jurnal
yang dibuat adalah :
Tambahan Modal disetor 40,000
Pada tanggal 1 Januari Kathleen Battle Corporation
mengotorisasikan untuk menerbitkan 500,000 lembar
saham biasa tanpa nilai pari dengan stated value $1 per
lembar.
24. Chapter
15-24
Biaya langsung yang berkaitan dengan penjualan
saham, antara lain:
Biaya penjamin (underwriting costs),
Fee Akuntan dan Pengacara (accounting and
legal fees),
Biaya administrasi, cetak (print), dan iklan
Pajak
Harus dicatat sebagai pengurang atas jumlah
yang disetor dalam akun tambahan modal
disetor (additional paid-in capital).
Biaya Penerbitan Saham
25. Chapter
15-25
Alasan Perusahaan membeli kembali saham yang masih
beredar :
Untuk menambah laba per saham dan tingkat
pengembalian dari ekuitas (ROE).
Untuk memenuhi kontrak kompensasi saham
karyawan atau memenuhi kebutuhan merger yang
potensial.
Untuk menghindari usaha pengambil alihan atau
mengurangi jumlah pemegang saham.
Membentuk pasar bagi saham.
REAKUISISI SAHAM
26. Chapter
15-26
Pembelian Saham Treasuri (Treasury Stock)
Dua metode yang digunakan :
Cost method (lebih banyak digunakan).
Par or Stated value method.
Treasury stock, mengurangi ekuitas pemegang
saham.
REAKUISISI SAHAM
27. Chapter
15-27
REAKUISISI SAHAM
Treasury stock (1,000 x $28) 28,000
Cash 28,000
Contoh: UC Company menerbitkan 15,000 lembar saham
dengan nilai pari $1, saham biasa $25 per lembar.
Catatlah ayat jurnal untuk transaksi berikut :
April 1st the company re-acquired 1,000 shares for $28
per share.
28. Chapter
15-28
Sale of Treasury Stock
Above Cost
Below Cost
Both increase total assets and stockholders’
equity.
REAKUISISI SAHAM
29. Chapter
15-29
REAKUISISI SAHAM
Cash (500 x $30) 15,000
Treasury stock (500 x $28) 14,000
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following transaction:
June 1st Sold 500 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$30 per share.
Paid-in capital treasury stock 1,000
30. Chapter
15-30
REAKUISISI SAHAM
Cash (300 x $9) 2,700
Treasury stock (300 x $28) 8,400
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following transaction:
Oct. 15th Sold 300 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$9 per share.
Paid-in capital treasury stock 1,000
Retained earnings 4,700
Limited
to
balance
on hand
31. Chapter
15-31
REAKUISISI SAHAM
Cash (100 x $11) 1,100
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following transaction:
Oct. 30th Sold 100 shares of its Treasury Stock for
$11 per share.
Retained earnings 1,700
32. Chapter
15-32
REAKUISISI SAHAM
Common stock (100 x $1) 100
Paid-in capital common (100 x $24) 2,400
Illustration: UC Company originally issued 15,000
shares of $1 par, common stock for $25 per share.
Record the journal entry for the following transaction:
Nov. 10th Retired remaining 100 shares of its Treasury
Stock.
Treasury stock (100 x $28) 2,800
Retained earnings 300
35. Chapter
15-35
Features often associated with preferred stock.
1. Preference as to dividends.
2. Preference as to assets in liquidation.
3. Convertible into common stock.
4. Callable at the option of the corporation.
5. Nonvoting.
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
36. Chapter
15-36
Cumulative
Participating
Convertible
Callable
Redeemable
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
Specific Features of Preferred Stock
A corporation may attach
whatever preferences or
restrictions, as long as it
does not violate its state
incorporation law.
Accounting for preferred stock at issuance is
similar to that for common stock.
37. Chapter
15-37 LO 6 Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.
Dividend Policy
Dividend distributions generally are based on
accumulated profits (retained earnings).
Few companies pay dividends in amounts equal to
their legally available retained earnings. Why?
Maintain agreements with creditors.
Meet state incorporation requirements.
To finance growth or expansion.
To smooth out dividend payments.
To build up a cushion against possible losses.
38. Chapter
15-38
1. Cash dividends.
2. Property dividends.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types of Dividends
Dividends require information concerning three
dates:
a. Date of declaration
b. Date of record
c. Date of payment
3. Liquidating dividends.
4. Stock dividends.
39. Chapter
15-39
Cash Dividends
Board of directors vote on the declaration
of cash dividends.
A declared cash dividend is a liability.
Companies do not declare or pay cash
dividends on treasury stock.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types of Dividends
40. Chapter
15-40
Illustration What would be the journal entries
made by a corporation that declared a $50,000
cash dividend on March 10, payable on April 6 to
shareholders of record on March 25?
March 10 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings 50,000
Dividends payable 50,000
March 25 (Date of Record) No entry
April 6 (Payment Date)
Dividends payable 50,000
Cash 50,000
Debit Credit
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Cash Dividend
41. Chapter
15-41
Property Dividends
Dividends payable in assets other than cash.
Restate at fair value the property it will
distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Types of Dividends
42. Chapter
15-42
Illustration A dividend is declared Jan. 5th and paid
Jan. 25th, in bonds held as an investment; the bonds
have a book value of $100,000 and a fair market
value of $135,000.
Date of Declaration
Investment in bonds 35,000
Gain on investment 35,000
and
Date of Issuance
Property dividend payable 135,000
Investment in bonds 135,000
Debit Credit
Retained earnings 135,000
Property dividend payable 135,000
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Property Dividend
44. Chapter
15-44
June 1 (Payment Date)
April 20 (Declaration Date)
Retained earnings 575,000
Additional paid-in capital 125,000
Debit Credit
Dividends payable 700,000
Dividends payable 700,000
Cash 700,000
BE15-12 Radical Rex Mining Company declared, on April
20, a dividend of $700,000 payable on June 1. Of this
amount, $125,000 is a return of capital. Prepare the
April 20 and June 1 entries for Radical Rex.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
Liquidating Dividend
45. Chapter
15-45
Stock Dividends
Issuance of own stock to stockholders on a
pro rata basis, without receiving any
consideration.
When stock dividend is less than 20–25
percent of the common shares outstanding,
company transfers fair market value from
retained earnings (small stock dividend).
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
Types of Dividends
46. Chapter
15-46
10% stock dividend is declared
Retained earnings 20,000
Common stock dividend distributable 500
Debit Credit
Additional paid-in capital 19,500
Stock issued
Common stock div. distributable 500
Common stock 500
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and
outstanding. The per share par value is $1, book
value $32 and market value is $40.
Stock Dividend
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
47. Chapter
15-47
Stock Split
To reduce the market value of shares.
No entry recorded for a stock split.
Decrease par value and increased number of
shares.
Types of Dividends
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
48. Chapter
15-48
2 for 1 Stock Split
No Entry -- Disclosure that par is now $.50 and
shares outstanding are 10,000.
Stock Dividend
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and
outstanding. The per share par value is $1, book
value $32 and market value is $40.
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
49. Chapter
15-49
Stock Split and Stock Dividend Differentiated
If the stock dividend is large, it has the same
effect on market price as a stock split.
A stock dividend of more than 20–25 percent of
the number of shares previously outstanding is
called a large stock dividend.
With a large stock dividend, transfer from
retained earnings to capital stock the par value
of the stock issued.
Types of Dividends
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
50. Chapter
15-50
Illustration HH Inc. has 5,000 shares issued and
outstanding. The per share par value is $1, book
value $32 and market value is $40.
50% stock dividend is declared
Retained earnings 2,500
Common stock dividend distributable 2,500
Debit Credit
Stock issued
Common stock dividend distributable 2,500
Common stock 2,500
Stock Dividend
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
stock dividends, and for stock splits.
51. Chapter
15-51 LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation and Analysis of
Stockholders’ Equity
Presentation
Balance Sheet
Illustration 15-13
52. Chapter
15-52 LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Presentation and Analysis of
Stockholders’ Equity
Illustration 15-14
Presentation Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
53. Chapter
15-53
Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the
company earned for each dollar invested by the
owners.
Analysis
Net income – Preferred dividends
Average common stockholders’ equity
Rate of
Return on
Common Stock
Equity
=
Presentation and Analysis of
Stockholders’ Equity
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
54. Chapter
15-54
It is important to some investors that the payout
be sufficiently high to provide a good yield on the
stock.
Analysis
Cash dividends
Payout Ratio =
Presentation and Analysis of
Stockholders’ Equity
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Net income – Preferred dividends
55. Chapter
15-55
The amount each share would receive if the
company were liquidated on the basis of amounts
reported on the balance sheet.
Analysis
Common stockholders’ equity
Book Value
Per Share
=
Presentation and Analysis of
Stockholders’ Equity
LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze stockholders’ equity.
Outstanding shares
Editor's Notes
Service Cost - Actuaries compute service cost as the present value of the new benefits earned by employees during the year. Future salary levels considered in calculation.
Interest on Liability - Interest accrues each year on the PBO just as it does on any discounted debt.
Actual Return on Plan Assets - Increase in pension funds from interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized changes in the fair market value of the plan assets.
Amortization of Unrecognized Prior Service Cost - The cost of providing retroactive benefits is allocated to pension expense in the future, specifically to the remaining service-years of the affected employees.
Gain or Loss - Volatility in pension expense can be caused by sudden and large changes in the market value of plan assets and by changes in the projected benefit obligation. Two items comprise the gain or loss:
difference between the actual return and the expected return on plan assets and,
amortization of the unrecognized net gain or loss from previous periods
