Screening for mental health ppt. Sports psychology, screening for health, fitness and wellness. A health promotion and fitness topic by Dr. Mumux Mirani.

1. Screening for Mental
Health
Dr. Mumux Mirani
MPT Sports
Asst. Professor
S. R. C. P.

2. Relate the mental health…

3. Mental health is directly or indirectly influenced by multiple factors,
including memory, inter-personal relationships at work and at home,
coping and stress management, social support, financial support,
education, vocation, leisure activities, and personal values.
Because genetics play a key role in mental health problems, family
history of mental health dysfunction should be noted.
Clues that suggest possible mental health problems include a negative
affect, depression, anxiety, fear, aggression or rage.
Depressed patients tend to have reduced restlessness (leg and hand
movements), reduced communication (less speech and gesturing),
decreased active listening and reduced eagerness (nodding and shaking
the head).

4. In general, depressed individuals display slowness of thought and
speech, impaired ability to concentrate and decreased motor
activity.
According to the National Institutes of Mental Health, an estimated
6.7% adults suffer from major depression disorders, with women
70% more likely to experience depression over their life-times,
Depression is a significant psychosocial problem that affects an
individual's health, fitness and wellness and, ultimately, his or her
quality of life.
A 2-question initial screening test for depression has been
developed and validated based on the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders established criteria for the diagnosis of
depression.

5. The 2 questions are as follows:
1. During the past month, have you often been bothered by
feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
2. During the past month, have you often been bothered by
little interest or pleasure in doing things?

6. A positive response to either of the questions is extremely sensitive
and identifies more than 90% of patients with major depression.
However, it is only approximately 60% specific and requires
confirmation using a detailed clinical interview or more specific
diagnostic tools.
If the screener suspects that the individual is experiencing mental
health problems, it is appropriate to do a stress assessment and
consider a referral for psychological or social services, as
appropriate.
Clear documentation of observations is useful for future reference.

7. Motor behaviors suggesting other types of mental health dysfunction
include restlessness or performing unusual, purposeless movements.
Those describing nonexistent sounds most likely have mental problems
and need a referral for further examination.
Additionally, those with memory problems or problems performing tasks
that require concentration may need a more thorough psychological
examination.
Normal individuals are motivated to survive, so those who suggest or
exhibit self-harm may have mental illness.
Signs of poor mental health include an obsession with negative thoughts
and negative consequences, loss of creative and imaginative thoughts and
ideas, unclear decision making, or a foggy mental state.
Other characteristics of mental health disorders include unrealistic
thoughts and perceptions, inappropriate emotions and unpredictable
behavior (as compared with the social norm).

9. Stress assessment:

10. Stress assessment:
During the interview, it is important to note stressors commonly
affecting health status.
Stressors include recent life changes or losses e.g.; (loss of family or
friends, relocation of home and/or business), changes in marital
status, or significant financial concerns.
Responses to lite changes vary because each individual's perception
of a stressful situation differs.
Some individuals may not show any symptoms of stress on the
surface but may have emotional or physical changes that are not
easily detectable.
Other individuals may demonstrate more obvious problems, such as
unusual behaviors or mannerisms, requiring further psychological
examination.

11. Convenient psychological measures of stress include the
Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale- (commonly
used for adults) and
Yeaworth's Adolescent Life Change Event Scale, a questionnaire
listing personal, social, and family changes believed to be stressful to
adolescents.
It is important to note that both positive and negative changes in a
person's life may contribute to that individual's stress.

12. Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment
Rating Scale

13. Yeaworth's Adolescent Life Change Event
Scale

14. The perception of stress varies from person to person yet is ever-present in
people's lives.
All of these assessments provide the clinician with valuable information about
the interviewee's recent stressors and the likelihood of illness.
Although minor psychological stress is ever-present, unrelenting stress can be
extremely dangerous. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol, released into the
bloodstream, increase heart rate, increase respiration, dilate the pupils, and
flush the skin. The body is aroused and rational thinking may be altered.
This response is adaptive for primitive survival instincts but is not functional in
inescapable stressful situations that can mount over time.
Whereas acute stress responses may temporarily disable rational responses,
chronic stress can impair both psychological and physiological functioning.

15. Physiological stress measures for acute stress may be a part of a more extensive
examination, including electrocardiography (ECG; measurement of heart
electrical activity) and the galvanic skin response (GSR; measurement of the skin
resistance to the passage of electric current).
Both of these measures can be useful in detecting the less dramatic
physiological changes occurring with stress.
Over time, increased blood pressure at rest may result from chronic stress.
Individuals with hypertension need an immediate referral for appropriate
intervention.
Although stress measures are useful for identifying a variety of stress factors
potentially contributing to illness, there are few comprehensive measures
designed to identify how well individuals address the multiple dimensions of
wellness.

16. Reference:
1. Prevention Practice and Health Promotion. A health, fitness and wellness
guidance (Ref. Book) 2nd edition – Catherine R. Thompson.

17. Any questions???

18. Thank you.