This document outlines maintenance requirements for telecom sites with normal, hybrid, and solar power configurations. For normal sites, preventive maintenance of items like the diesel generator, AMF panel, alarms, shelters and fences is described. Hybrid sites require additional maintenance of battery backups and the generator controller. Solar power sites require cleaning PV modules, checking the inverter, structure integrity, and vegetation control. Other challenges discussed include budget, skilled labor, water access, and documentation. The document provides detailed maintenance checklists, report templates, and schedules to optimize performance of telecom site equipment.

1. O&M Doc
Ref: Rev: 1.0 Date: 15-10-14 Page: 1 of 13
O&M Doc for Telecom Sites
By: Muhammad Javed Iqbal

2. O&M Doc
Ref: Rev: 1.0 Date: 15-10-14 Page: 2 of 13
Contents
1. PREVENTIVE, CORRECTIVE OR BREAKDOWN CONDITION -BASED MONITORING (CBM) MAINTENANCE .............3
1.1 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM):......................................................................................................3
1.2 CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE (CM) OR BREAKDOWN MAINTENANCE (BM): ...............................................................3
1.3 CONDITION-BASED MONITORING (CBM):...............................................................................................3
1.4 WARRANTY MANAGEMENT ..............................................................................................................3
1.5 SPARE PARTS INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................3
1.6 ON NORMAL BTS SITE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE.........................................................................................3
2. ON HYBRID BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ...............................................................3
2.1 ON SOLAR POWER BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ......................................................................3
2.2 OTHER CHALLENGES....................................................................................................................4
3. ON NORMAL BTS SITE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE...............................................................................4
3.1 DG MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................................4
4. DG PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE....................................................................................................5
5. GENSET MAINTENANCE REPORT (FOUR COPIES)...............................................................................7
6. GENSET REFUELING REPORT (FIVE COPIES) ....................................................................................8
7. AMF & ATS PANEL ....................................................................................................................9
8. BTS SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ALARM SYSTEM...............................................................................9
9. RECTIFIER AND BBU..................................................................................................................9
10. SHELTERS & FENCES ............................................................................................................... 10
11. EARTH PITS .......................................................................................................................... 10
12. ON HYBRID BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE ............................................................. 10
13. BATTERY BACKUP (CYCLE) AND GENERATOR CONTROLLER .............................................................. 10
14. STANDBY GENSET INSURANCE ................................................................................................... 11
15. ON SOLAR POWER BTS SITE ADDITIONAL REQUIRED MAINTENANCE .................................................... 11
15.1 DIFFERENT O&M SKILL SETS ....................................................................................................... 11
15.2 PV MODULES ...................................................................................................................... 11
15.3 INVERTER AND AC LOAD WIRING ................................................................................................... 11
15.4 STRUCTURES....................................................................................................................... 12
15.5 MOUNTING ........................................................................................................................ 12
15.6 GROWTH OF SHRUBS, TREES AND OTHER VEGETATION.............................................................................. 12
16. COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................... 12
17. OTHER CHALLENGES............................................................................................................... 12
17.1 O&M BUDGET..................................................................................................................... 12
17.2 SKILLED MANPOWER ............................................................................................................... 12
17.3 LOCAL LABOUR .................................................................................................................... 12
17.4 AVAILABILITY OF WATER ON BTS SITE.............................................................................................. 12
17.5 THEFT ............................................................................................................................. 13
18. DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................................... 13
19. CONTACTS ........................................................................................................................... 13

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1. Preventive, Corrective or Breakdown Condition -Based Monitoring (CBM)
Maintenance
1.1Preventive Maintenance (PM):
Preventive or routine Maintenance (PM) which includes routine inspection and servicing of equipment which help
prevent breakdowns and reduce energy yield losses. PM is usually a scheduled activity.
1.2Corrective Maintenance (CM) or breakdown Maintenance (BM):
Includes repair of broken down equipment and is usually reactive.
1.3Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM):
Involves monitoring of equipment condition and site operations on a real-time basis and addresses a potential
problem at a very early stage to prevent downtime. This requires a robust site performance monitoring system.
1.4Warranty Management
The O&M personnel should have a very clear understanding of the warranty terms from the suppliers. They also
need to know the type of defects or problems that are covered under warranty. The duration of the warranty and
also the key personnel from the supplier with who warranty claims can be taken up and enforced in a timely
manner.
1.5Spare Parts Inventory Management
The inventory management is critical because this could increase or decrease the cost of the O&M as well as the
working capital requirement. It is also essential for the timely completion of the different types of maintenance.
The O&M personnel should know very clearly the list of the spare parts available, their quantity at the site
warehouse and the lead times for delivery of spare parts from the suppliers.
1.6On Normal BTS site required maintenance
1. DG Maintenance
2. AMF & ATS Panel
3. BTS site and Environmental Alarm System
4. Shelters & Fences
5. Earth Pits
2. On Hybrid BTS site additional required maintenance
1. Battery backup (cycle) and Generator controller
2. Standby Genset Insurance
2.1On Solar power BTS site additional required maintenance
Maintenance is important for improving the performance of the solar power plant.
 Different O&M skill sets
 PV Module
 Inverter and AC load wiring
 Structure
 Mounting
 Growth of shrubs, trees and other vegetation
 Communication

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2.2Other Challenges
 O&M Budget
 Skilled manpower
 Local labour
 Availability of water on BTS site
 Theft
 Documentation
3. On normal BTS site required maintenance
3.1DG Maintenance
 First level maintenance for DG
 Diesel filling
 Battery charger(Electrical & Mechanical)
 Battery voltage
 Level of distilled water in the secondary cells
 Battery terminals grease lubrication coating.
 Running hours reading meter
 Oil filter
 Fuel filter
 Air filter
 DG inside wiring
 DG belt status
 Radiator leakage
 Radiator water level
 Cooling fan
 All lock in Genset like Door locks, Fuel tank lock
 Built in AMF
 Emergency stop switch
 Fuel solenoid
 Fuel pump and nozzles
 Frequency and speed adjust system
 AVR card

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4. DG Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance Items Service Time
Serial
Number
Name
On
refueling/
per visit
Monthly
/After 240
hours
After 6
months
After 1
year
1
General inspection &
cleaning
*
2 Radiator leakage *
3
Radiator
Water level
*
4 DG Temperature *
5
Cooling fan & cooling
system
*
6 Air filter cleaning *
6
DG exhaust system and
thermo pore insulation
*
7
Battery
charger(Electrical &
Mechanical)
*
8 Battery voltage *
9
Level of distilled water
in the secondary cells
*
10
Battery terminals
& insulation
*
11 Oil level *
12 Oil filter *
13 Oil thickness and color *
14 Oil change *
15 Fuel level *
16 Fuel filter *
17 Fuel solenoid Test Test Test *
18 Fuel pump and nozzles Test Test Test *
19
Manual or lifting fuel
pump
Test Test Test *
20 Emergency stop switch Test Test Test Test
21
Frequency and speed
adjust system
Test Test Test Test
22
AVR card and field
control
Test Test Test Test
23
Phase to phase and
neutral to phase voltages
*

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24
Alternator and
Alternator three pole
breaker
*
25
DG Earth & grounding
Housing , Engine
*
26 Fuel tank leakage *
27 Water in fuel tank Test Test *
28
Built in AMF /LCD/Fuses
/connecters
*
29 Control wiring & Alarm
and safeties ,Not joint
always use new wire *
30 Ignition and starter Test Test Test *
31 Remote start and stop *

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5. Genset Maintenance Report (four copies)
1. Site (Attached with Genset)
2. Customer copy
3. Account copy
4. Stores copy
Genset Maintenance Report
Site ID: Site Name: Genset Model:________ Rating :
Date
Genset
Running
hours
Battery
water
level
Battery
/charger
status
Oil
filter
Fuel
filter
Air
filter
Engine
Oil
litter
Load
Balanced
L1,L2,L3
Next
service
date
DG/DG
Belt
Status
Team lead
Name &
cell
Number

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6. Genset Refueling Report (Five copies)
1. For Fuelling team
2. Customer copy
3. Account copy
4. Store copy
5. Vendor copy(Gas station or oil company)
Genset Refueling Report
Site ID: Site Name: Genset Model:________ Rating :
Fuel average per hour :___________ Load:L1:____Amp,L2:________Amp L3:_______Amp
Date
Genset
Running
hours
Fuel in tank
before
fuelling(Liters)
Refueling
(Liters)
Total
Liters
Next
fuelling
date
Vendor
Name &
cell
Number
Customer
Name &
cell
Number
Store
Name &
cell
Number
Team
lead
Name &
cell
Number

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7. AMF & ATS Panel
 Main power wire connection before PMT
 Main power wire connection After PMT
 Fuses before Power meter
 SPD
 RCCB for utility socket
 Grounding & earth level ,connection for PMT ,Power meter box, ATS, ACDB
 Ground and Earth bonding on PMT
 Neutral to ground voltages
 All wire connections for input/output terminal blocks , input/output breakers, MCCB, GENSET MCB
,Main MCB ,all Timers and relays, Manual bypass switches and AMF
 Proper setting on AMF
 All main on/off ,phase fail ,under voltage and over voltage .All Genset frequency, L-N voltages,
Remote stop and start and automatic load shifting test
 Manual bypass switches
 Tower Light controller and tower lights
 Tight all screws and every wire on every visit
 UPS & Inverter
8. BTS site and Environmental Alarm System
 Order wire
 Follow up for alarms
 Low fuel
 DG fail
 DG on load
 DG high temp
 Mains fail alarm
 Line fail alarm
 Fire alarms
 Door open alarm
 Humidity and flood
 Smoke alarm
9. Rectifier and BBU
 Maximum .9 ohm resistance and .9v between neutral to ground voltages in ACDB for Rectifier cabinet
 No lose connection on three phase power, neutral and ground in ACDB for rectifier
 No joint in AC power cable for rectifier
 No lose connection on three phase power, neutral and ground terminal block in rectifier cabinet
 Clear all alarms on rectifier module and MCU
 Check DC grounding
 Check all string charging current ,almost equal required
 Check that the Battery voltages in every string are equal during discharging.

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Battery/Rectifier Performance report
Site ID: Site Name : Date:_____________
Rectifiers Model/capacity: Number of Rectifiers:______________
Rectifies floating voltages :_______VDC
Battery Make/capacity: __________/________Number of Battery Strings:__________
Number
Name
1 2 3 4 Physical Status Test by
Rectifier status
Battery string 1 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 2 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 3 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 4 ____V ____V ____V ____V
Battery string 5 ____V ____V ____V ____V
AC voltages
/Current
LI___
Vac
L2____
Vac
L3____
Vac
L1____
Amp
L2____
Amp
L3___
Amp
10. Shelters & Fences
Earth and grounding for shelter, fences and tower legs
Lightning rods and Grounding system
Shelter security lights
Grease lubrication on all connections on Grounding bar
Pad lock status
Security of site
Stop growth of shrubs a, other vegetation and Trees in site.
Site cleaning for paper, wrapping cartons, cleaning clothes, used oil etc
11. Earth Pits
The Conventional system of Earthing means digging of a large pit into which a GI pipe or a copper plate is
positioned in the middle layers of charcoal and salt.
It requires pouring of water at regular interval (every visit).
On Hybrid BTS site additional required maintenance
12. Battery backup (cycle) and Generator controller
Now day’s hybrid system is used frequently on BTS sites by operator companies for fuel and refuelling Genset cost
saving and backup batteries utilization .This system has these major parts.
Control unit
For batteries status monitoring and Genset stop &start
Control wiring
Controller power, current sensors, Genset remote start stop control command, NOC alarms and communication
cables

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 Communication
 Communication through GPRS or data modem, SIM activation, modem antenna
13. Standby Genset Insurance
Hybrid control sites are very difficult to maintain and 100% uptime comparatively non hybrid site because if
Genset fail to site to start after BTS back battery utilization than site must down before team arrival on site. A
fully fit Genset is only solution
 Check remote start and stop cable
 Genset battery charger
 Fuel solenoid
 AMF auto mode
 ATS in auto mode
 All breakers for rectifier AC power will be on
14. On Solar power BTS site additional required maintenance
14.1 Different O&M skill sets
A solar PV power plant has several components and each of the sub-system requires different O&M skill sets. A
few of the sub-systems and their O&M requirements are mentioned below.
14.2 PV Modules
The PV module yield from the module is highly dependent on the cleaning of the panels. In the dusty
environments of country the cleaning frequency has to be quite high.
 Cleaning with house water pipes
 No clean or duster allow
 No detergent and other clean chemical is allow
14.3 Inverter and AC load wiring
PV plant is a DC power source so there need to use inverter to drive AC load on BTS site like board (tower) light,
security lights etc. Inverter is a major part of PV plant and it based on pure electronics and expansive
components, so they need protection from:
 Extreme hot
 Humidity
 dusty conditions
There many factors involve to burn or damage an inverter like:
 short circuit in load
 overload
 Reverse polarity on input
So team need to check on every visit:
 Cooling fans
 Cabinet air filter
 Battery connections
 Inverter Input breaker
 Load status
 Load wiring test carefully
 Earthing protection

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Luckily there is no outage chance on BTS site due to inverter failure because BTS load run on DC batteries directly
through rectifier MCU.
14.4 Structures
Bending of the structures can happen due to the improper design, losing, rust, unaddressed wires. This bending
can damage the modules.
14.5 Mounting
Rain is the reason to wash away top soil due to improper drainage system or poor foundation of structure. Caving
of the foundation and the structures caused by improper compaction of the ground has also been observed. A pro-
active O&M team can address this by visual inspection and take preventive action on every visit especially before
rains.
14.6 Growth of shrubs, trees and other vegetation
They will grow very tall and will cause shadowing effect on the panels. Snakes and other poisonous reptiles might
make these shrubs their home and can cause safety hazard to the workers.
15. Communication
For solar power plant working, efficiency, batteries charging, backup, load current, remote start & stop, Genset
running and other parameters NOC always need reliable communication infrastructure known as Remote
monitoring system (RMS) .Now days RMS is the backbone of O&M for early alarms to save the BTS site from
outages. Remote monitoring systems need an internet or GPRS connection and in the absence of a reliable
connection, there could be problems of lack of data logging for long periods of time. This makes it very difficult to
diagnose and rectify problems in a timely manner. It is need to check on every visit.
 GPRS Antennas
 Communication ports
 Dry contacts
 Transducers
 Power supplies and backup batteries
16. Other Challenges
According to our experience and which we learnt and in telecom industry, we have come across some of the
problems which are very severe.
16.1 O&M Budget
Typically, the O&M budgets are very limited for various reasons.
16.2 Skilled manpower
Since the O&M involves people who have the skills in electrical and electronics engineering, it is a challenging task
to get people to move to such remote locations to work.
16.3 Local Labour
In regions, local teams need to be employed for O&M. While this is a noble objective and also is important for the
economic development of local communities, in some cases the locals form unions and demand wages that make
the O&M cost to go very high .Continuously shuffling of team members and deployment of team leads from other
part country is a solution.
16.4 Availability of water on BTS site
For PV panels require cleaning. In case of the Site is located in arid regions with very little availability of water.

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16.5 Theft
Theft of materials (even PV panels) is rampant. This can be prevented by having a good security system and a
good inventory management system.
17. Documentation
Log books for the events, alarms, another maintenance issues and complete detail of site maintenance with every
team can help the O&M personnel to identify, diagnose and trace the problems.
18. Contacts
NAME ROLE NUMBER EMAIL ADRESS
O&M TEAM
Customer TEAM