Cardiovascular disease is the leading burden of disease in Russia. Major risk factors include smoking, alcohol abuse, poor diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Cancer is the second leading burden, with economic disparities limiting cancer treatment in rural areas. Risk factors include population aging, air pollution, stress, unhealthy diets, tobacco use, obesity, and genetics. Diabetes mellitus is also a major burden, with risk factors like older age, obesity, hereditary factors, excessive alcohol use, stress, and unhealthy diets.