3. What is intellect and
intellectual abilities?
Intellect: intelligence,
reasoning, comprehension,
thought etc.
Intellectual
ability/capacity: It is the
power of rational thought
comprehension,
memorizing, analyzing and
problem solving.
4. What is intellectual disabilities?
It is a generalized neuro developmental disorder
characterized by significantly impaired in intellectual and
adaptive functioning. These deficits are found in
conceptual, social, and practical domain.
5. Intellectual disability is also called mental retardation ( in
DSM-4 checklist). But there is a difference between this two
Mental retardation : used for wide variety of people of all ages but
Intellectual disability :used for the children before age of 18.
6. Assumption from DSM 5
Deficits in intellectual function include
Reasoning
Problem solving
Academic learning
Learning from experience
These problem have to confirmed by both clinical assessment and individual standardized
intelligence test.
Deficits in adaptive functioning
Failure to meet development and sociocultural need for personal independence social
responsibility
Adaptive deficit limit functioning in one or more activity of daily life include
-communication
- social participation
- independent living( home, school, work and community)
7. IQ( intelligence quotient) And Intellectual
disability
IQ below 70 people are assumed mental retarded.
Based on IQ mental retarded people categorized into
mild, moderate, severe and profound. But there are some
complications. Sometimes people having IQ below 70
quite able for performing their daily adaptive functioning.
So only IQ can't determine about Id. Some adaptive
behavior scale is used (AAMR).
8. Causes
1. Chromosomal causes:
Trisomy 21( 3 free-floating 21st chromosome) causes down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome: Genetic abnormality in X chromosome
2. Metabolic Causes:(Pair of 2 defective recessive Gene)
PKU (deficit in brain development)
Tay sacs( disability in vision, motor functioning)
3. Parental and birth related:
Cretinism(abnormality in thyroid gland)
Fetal alcohol syndrome