2. INTRODUCTION
• Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation
of the protective membrane covering the brain and
spinal cord known as meninges.
• The inflammation is usually caused by an infection
of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningitis can be life threatening therefore the
condition is classified as a medical emergency.
3. DEFINITION
Meningitis is the acute inflammation of
the protective membrane(meninges)
covering the brain and spinal cord.
4. MENINGES
• Meninges is the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord, it is lying between skull
and the brain.
• It has 3 layers
A. Dura meter(it is made up by 2 layers )
a. periosteal layer (outer layer)
b. Meningeal layer (inner layer)
B. Arachenoid meter
C. Pia meter
• The dura meter and arachenoid meter are seprated by a potential space,the subdural space.
• The arachenoid meter and pia meter are seprated by the subarachnoid space,containing
cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).
5.
6. INCIDENCE
•Over 1.2 million cases of meningitis are
estimated to occur worldwide each year.
•Sub-Saharan African region is known as the
“meningitis belt”.
•Incidence rate in sub-Saharan 10-100 cases
per 100,000 population.
9. TYPES
According to infection mainly 2 types of
meningitis will be seen
i. Bacterial
ii. viral
10. BACTERIAL
• Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild upper
respiratory tract infection during which a few bact. Enter
the bloodstream and are carried to the meningitis.common
microbes include:-
• Haemophilus influenzae in children between the ages of 2-5
yr.
• Neisseria meningitidis in those between 5-30 yr,the most
common type.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae in people over 30 yr.
11. VIRAL
This is the most common form of meningitis,it is
milder and occur more then bacterial meningitis.
It affect children and adults under age 30.most
infections occur in children under age 5 yr.
Duration of illness:- 7-10 days
Common viruses are followed
• Entrovirus
12. CONT…
• Arboviral(mosquito borne disease)
• Herpes simplex virus type 2(especially in infants)
• Varicella zoster
• Hiv
• Mumps
• Measles