This Presentation is for Education Purpose.

1.  NAMES MUHAMMAD MOHSIN
KHAN
 COURSE BIOLOGY (II)
 TOPIC CAUSES OF DECLINING
BIODIVERSITY

2.  Habitat loss
 Overexploitation
 Urbanization
 Intensive agriculture
 Pollution
 Invasive Species

3.  More people need ever
more space. Human
activity continues to
encroach on natural
environments, thereby
destroying the habitats of
countless species. While
some progress has been
made in slowing the rate of
loss of tropical forests and
mangroves, serious
declines are also being
seen worldwide in
freshwater wetlands, sea
ice habitats, salt marshes,
coral reefs, sea grass beds
and shellfish reefs.

4.  Humankind’s relentless
consumption of
resources such as timber,
oil and minerals is
continuing to destroy
natural habitats around
the globe. We are also
putting enormous
pressure on populations
of wild species, both by
hunting in the
developing world and
by large-scale industrial
fishing in our seas.

5.  In most industrialized countries
and a growing number of
developing ones over half the
population live in cities.
Properly designed cities and
agricultural systems can
sometimes support people
with a lower impact on
biodiversity than can a more
evenly spread population. But
as our numbers rise, cities and
industrial areas are growing
and merging into each other,
fragmenting the remaining
habitat leaving isolated
“islands” of natural
populations of plants and
animals too small to survive.

6.  In order to feed the numbers
of people living on the Earth
today, humanity has
developed agricultural
systems which rely on
monocultures, artificial
fertilizers and pesticides.
Monocultures are increasingly
susceptible to disease,
pesticide use destroys insect
populations indiscriminately,
whilst fertilizer runoff pollutes
water courses. In addition, the
growing pressure on food
supplies means an increasing
proportion of agricultural land
is farmed intensively, with
fewer off seasons or fallow
years in which to recover.

7.  People produce ever more waste and
pollution. As well as affecting the lives of
humans, noise, light and chemical pollution
can disrupt wildlife behavior. Light from
human activities makes it harder for predator
species to catch their prey. Noise pollution
interrupts both hunting and mating signals in
many species, disturbing natural behavior.
The build-up of phosphates and nitrates from
agricultural fertilizers and sewage effluent is
creating long-term algal blooms in freshwater
lakes and inland water systems, causing fish
stocks to decline, with serious implications for
food security in many developing countries.
As populations increase, the disposal of waste
becomes an increasingly serious issue.
Pollution will always be a consequence,
whether we use land fill, incinerators or
disposal at sea and in watercourses. The
disposal of toxic materials poses significant
additional hazards and problems.

8.  As a consequence of
the introduction of
non-native species to
some areas, such as
rabbits in Australia or
goats on St. Helena,
we have put many
vulnerable ecosystems
at risk, threatening
native ecologies and
diminishing
biodiversity.

9.  WWF is unique in that
its operates:
• At the local level
• At the international
level

11.  Working with and seeking support from
governments, policy makers, business
and industry leaders, bankers, donors
and more. WWF, with conserve most of
life on Earth by conserving the most
exceptional ecosystems and habitats –
places that are particularly rich in
biodiversity, places with unique animals
and plants, places like no other.

12.  After decades of
effort, wild panda
numbers are rising, but
there are still only 1,864
spread across 20
pockets of bamboo
forest. And the
remaining pandas still
face a number of
threats, particularly
habitat loss and
fragmentation.

13.  Important marine turtle
feeding habitats such
as coral reefs and sea
grass beds are
continuously being
damaged or entirely
destroyed as a result
of sedimentation,
nutrient run-off from
the land, insensitive
tourist development,
destructive fishing
techniques and
climate change.

14.  Three Asian
rhinos species,
two Javan
rhinos and Sumatran
rhinos are critically
endangered. After the
extinction of Javan
rhino in Viet Nam in
2010, only one small
population of Javan
rhinos remains, in Java,
Indonesia, with fewer
than 50 individuals.