Includes the various engineering aspects which lead to the sinking of titanic

1. Mohamed Samarin
S3 ME-B
RET17ME088

2. Introduction
Materials used in manufacture
Causes on rapid sinking
Material failures
Design flaws
Safety issues
Conclusion
Bibilography

3. Titanic was built between 1911 and 1912 ,at
that time Titanic was the largest ship ever
 It was nearly 900 feet long, stood 25
 stories high, and weighed over 46,000 tons.
 The Titanic was deemed an unsinkable ship. According to
her builders, even in the worst possible situation , the Titanic
would stay afloat for two to three days
 But on April 14, 1912, however, the Titanic collided with a
massive iceberg and sank in less than three hours due to
failures in material design, structure etc..

4. Mild steel plates
Steel and wrought iron rivets
 It was made up of low grade metals that were brittle.
Titanic's hull was triple riveted with using mild steel
rivets, and double riveted using wrought iron.
Mild steel rivets instead of steel rivets is one of the reason
that caused the titanic disaster to take place .

5. Materials used to make the Titanic’s Hull
Lack of Safety measures
Design flaws
Structural Failures

6.  When the Titanic collided with the iceberg, the hull steel and
the wrought iron rivets failed because of brittle fracture
 The causes of brittle fracture include low temperature, high
impact loading, and high sulphur content. The water
temperature was below freezing, the Titanic was travelling at
a high speed on impact with the iceberg, and the hull steel
contained high levels of sulphur.
 Normally, the rivets would have deformed before failing
because of their ductility, but with water temperatures below
freezing, the rivets had become extremely brittle

8. Poor design of water tight compartments.
The water in some of the compartments began to spill over
into adjacent compartments , extensive flooding of
compartments pulled titanic below the water line.
 If there had been no compartments at all, the incoming
water would have spread out, and the Titanic would have
remained horizontal. Eventually, the ship would have
sunk, but she would have remained afloat for another six
hours

10.  Failure of the bottom structure
Water entered into the engine room
Angle between the hull decreased and it
bent
 Broke apart into 2 sections

11. Ship was cruising at maximum speed (22 knots),
on a moonless night whereas the Design speed was
21 knots.
Less number of lifeboats
Compartments only watertight horizontally
Lack of safety regulations

12. The Titanic tragedy was a warning to all other ships.
From that point on all ships had enough lifeboats for every
single person on the ship and sometimes more.
Advancement in ship building technology
Better selections in the material of the ship
Understanding the causes for the rapid sinking of the
Titanic is necessary to prevent similar accidents in the
future.

13.  http://writing.engr.psu.edu/uer/bassett.html
 https://www.simscale.com/blog/2018/01/why-did-titanic-sink-engineer/
 https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/titanic-sunk
 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/364186