The document discusses the anatomy and common conditions of the female reproductive system. It describes the internal and external genital organs including the vagina, uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. It then explains some frequent gynecological complaints such as abdominal pain, bleeding disorders, and infertility. Common causes of lower abdominal pain are also listed.

1. common and rare gynecological
conditions- affecting female reproductive
tract
Mini Sood

2. Female
Reproductive System Overview
 Purpose of female reproductive system
 Reproduction
 Secretes hormones that support secondary sex characteristic changes
 Secretes hormones that sustain pregnancy should fertilization occur

3. EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS.
Mons pubis,
Labia majora
Labia minora,
Clitoris,
Vestibule,
Vagina
Perineum.
INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS.
Uterus, cervix,
fallopian tubes and
ovaries.

8. PROF BG TY 09

9. MONS PUBIS
Hair-bearing skin.
Hair follicle,
sebaceous glands &
sweat glands(apocrine
glands).
Fatty pad.
PROFBGTY

10. LABIA MAJORA
 Posterior extension of
mons on either side.
Labia.jpg

11. Cancer cervix
 Cancer cervix seen on the left
anterior cervix extending into
the endocervical canal

12. LABIA MINORA
 Inner aspect of labia majora.
 Anteriorly enclose clitoris
 Erectile during sexual activity.

13. VAGINA
Fibromusculo-membranous sheath
communicating the uterine cavity & vulva.
4 walls, anterior, posterior and 2 lateral
walls.
Anterior wall-7 cms, posterior wall-9 cms.
 Diameter wide at upper end and narrow at
introitus.
Fornices at the top due to projection of

14. Rectouterine pouch
Vesicouterine pouch
PROFBGTY

16. VAGINAL SECRETION
 Vaginal pH from puberty to menopause acidic(4-5), because of
Doderlein’s bacilli,which produce lactic acid from glycogen.

17. Internal Genitalia
 Uterus
 Three identifiable portions
Fundus
Small dome-shaped upper portion
Body
Central portion
Cervix
Narrower, necklike portion at lower end

18. Internal Genitalia
 Wall of uterus contains three layers
 Perimetrium
Outermost serous membrane layer
 Myometrium
Middle, muscular layer
 Endometrium
Innermost layer, highly vascular

19. Internal Genitalia
 Fallopian tubes
 Also known as uterine tubes or oviducts
 Serve as passageway for the ova as they exit the
ovary en route to the uterus
 Free end of each tube ends in fingerlike projections
called fimbriae
Fimbriated ends draw ovum into tube through
wavelike motions when ovum is released from
ovary

20. Internal Genitalia
 Ovaries
 Female sex cells = female gonads
 Almond-shaped pair of ovaries, held in place by ligaments
 Responsible for:
Producing mature ova and releasing them at monthly intervals
Producing hormones necessary for normal growth and
development of female
Producing hormones necessary for maintaining pregnancy
should it occur

21. UTERUS
 Thick walled, muscular, hollow
organ.
 Pear shaped, tapered end being
cervix.
 Measures 8x6x4 cms.,45-55 gms.
 Wall 1-2 cms thick.
 Uterocervical length-7.5-8 cms

22. PARTS OF UTERUS
 FUNDUS
 Part of the uterus above the level of insertion of
fallopian tubes.
 ISTHMUS
 annular zone,0.1-0.5 cms, between corpus and
cervix. Anatomical os above and histological os
below. Forms lower segment in pregnancy.
 CERVIX-
 Barrel shaped,2.5-3.5 cms, supravaginal and infra-
vaginal portions
PROFBGTY

23. BLOOD SUPPLY OF UTERUS
 ARTERIAL
Uterine artery.
Ovarian artery.
 VENOUS
Pampiniform plexus in
broad ligament, uterine
vein, ovarian vein,
vaginal plexus,
vertebral plexus.

24. NERVE SUPPLY OF UTERUS

25. CERVIX
 Barrel shaped,2.5-3.5 cms.
 Portio cervix and supravaginal cervix.
 Contains fibrous and collagenous tissues.
 Mucous membrane called endocervix, thrown into folds
called arbor vitae.
 Tall columnar epithelium, ciliated,surface epithelium dips
to form glands.

26.  Internal os-approximately at the level of upper border of symphysis
pubis.
 External os-opposite the tip of the ischeal spine

27. CERVICAL SECRETION
 Alkaline(pH-7.8) mucous, rich in mucoproteins,
mucopolysaccharides and fructose.
 Vary with menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus forms plug.
Prevents ascend of bacteria.
 Junction of squamous and columnar epithelium is
situated at external os.

28. Common Gynecological
complaints
 Lower abdominal pain
 Bleeding disoreders
 Vaginal discharge
 Mass arising from pelvis
 Amenorrhoea
 Dysmenorrhoea
 Dyspareunia
 Subfertility
 Breast Pain

29. Pain lower abdomen
 Could be due to the following
 Urinary tract infection
 Dysmenorrhoea
 Pelvic inflammatory disease
 Tumours
 endometriosis

31. Types of Gynecological ailments

33. Cervix and vagina

36. Downs syndrome

37. Features of Down's syndrome

38. Klienfelter’s syndrome- male
infertility

39. Clinical features – male
infertility

40. Turner’s syndrome- primary
amenorrhoea

41. Menopausal age group