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Ashok Kumar N, Head – Single Use & Integrated Systems, India
Bangalore, India, 30th November 2021
A journey made safer and faster
ADC Production
Pharma & Biopharma Raw
Material Solutions
2
The Life Science business of
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma
in the U.S. and Canada.
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Agenda
Introduction to ADC
Single Use Technology for ADC
production
Single use Components –
Compatibility and testing
Conclusion
1
2
3
5
ADC, Single Use cGMP
Production – Key
Considerations
4
3 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
01
ADC - Introduction
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
5
According to the research report, global market is
projected to display a robust growth represented
by a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
21.82% during 2017-2022, chiefly driven by large
number of ADC drugs in pipeline, rising number
of cancer patients and wider therapeutic window
offered by antibody drug conjugates.
Source: "Global Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) Market -
Analysis By Drugs (Adcetris, Kadcyla), Pipeline Drugs,
Regulations: Opportunities and Forecasts (2017-2022)",
Link:(https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/q6jlz9/glob
al_antibody)
Market Dynamics - The Future of ADCs
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
6
What is ADC?
ADC: The Guided-missile Cancer
Treatment
 ADC = Antibody Drug Conjugates
 New class off drugs designed as a targeted
therapy for treatment of cancers
 ADC’s are complex molecules composed of
a Mab linked to a cytotoxic agent
Elements of ADC
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7
- Suitable quality of parent antibody
- Need to optimize additional process steps that are not present in conventional mAb manufacturing
e.g. the antibody-drug conjugation reaction and subsequent drug substance purification.
- Possible generation of mAb aggregates and drug/linker side reactions, which could lead to
subsequent purification and analytical challenges
- The manufacturing challenges with respect to process, safety and analytical requirements conferred
by conjugation of the biologic to the highly active cytotoxic component.
- Ensuring containment of the highly toxic drug compounds to protect operators and the wider
environment, which presents significant operational difficulties.
Challenges - Technical and Manufacturing
02
Single use technology
for ADC production
9
Single-use Technology to Streamline Bioprocessing
 Faster product changeover
 Accelerated time to clinic
or market
 Faster implementation
 Eliminates cleaning
Validation
 Reduced bioburden risks
 Reduced cross-
contamination risks
 Reduced operator and
environment exposure
 Adaptability to changing
process needs
 Multi-product
manufacturing facilities
 Scalable and movable
platforms
 Lower cost: reduced water/caustics,
utilities, equipment downtime, and
unproductive labor
 Compact footprint
 Lower investment
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
10
Applicability of Single-use Technology for ADCs
 Process capability for ADC processes
 Compatibility/Extractable Studies
including ADC solvents
 Single Use Assembly Testing
− Leak testing
− Biological reactivity - USP <88>,
Class VI
 Product Specific Testing
− BioReliance® Extractable and
Leachable Validation Services
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11
Single-use ADC Process
Reaction
Mobius® / powerMix
10-3000L
UF/DF
Mobius® FlexReady
TF2, TF3 2-10m2
Chromatography
Mobius® FlexReady
0.1 – 8LPM
Formulation/ Filtration
Mobius® /Power Mix and
Filters
10-3000L
Filtration
Opticap® Filter with Millipore Express®
SHC membrane
UF/DF
Mobius® FlexReady TF2,TF3
0.5-10m2
Solvent Component
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12
Solvent Compatibility Considerations
 Solvent composition
 Product contact components
 Performance testing
− Visual inspection for leaks and physical changes
− Functionality testing
− Sterile filters – verify microbial retention
− Extractables
ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Compatibility
T
Mobius® FlexReady Solution
with Smart Flexware®
Assemblies - Chromatography
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
13
Solvent Compatibility Considerations
 Solvent composition
 Product contact components
 Performance testing
− Visual inspection for leaks and physical changes
− Functionality testing
− Sterile filters – verify microbial retention
− Extractables
ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Compatibility
T
Mobius® FlexReady Solution
with Smart Flexware®
Assemblies - TFF
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ADC Single-use Process – TFF Capsules, Holderless installation
T
T
Plug and Play
Ready to Use in Minutes
Reliable Performance
Reduce…
• Installation time
• Operator error
• Integrity failure risks
Easy connection
• ¾ inch sanitary flange
Self-contained filter
• Easy to install, safe to
remove
• Comparable to cassettes
in terms of scalability,
MOC, screen
Benefits
In parallel set-up
In series set-up
(SPTFF)
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Common ADC Process Solvents
 Drug charge to reactor:
− 100% DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
− 100% DMAc (Dimethyl Acetamide)
 Reaction/Purification composition
− up to 20% DMSO
− up to 20% DMAc
ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Composition
Mobius® Single-use Jacketed Mix 100 L
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16
ADC Single-use Reactor – Solvent Compatibility
Mix bag components
• Bag film
• Ports
• Mixer
• Tubing
• Sampling valve
Mixer
Sampling
Mobius® MyWay
50L PureFlex™ Mobius® MIX Bag
Ports
Film
Example Mix Bag Components
PureFlex™ Film
Risk assess component exposure to 100% solvent
ADC Purification Equipment – Solvent Compatibility
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17
Flow path assembly components
• Pump
• Valves
• Instrumentation
• Mix bag
• Sampling
Recovery Line
To Transfer Pump
Smart Flexware® Assembly for TFF
100L Single-use
Feed Container
Assembly
Filtrate Assembly with
Single-use Sensors Flow Cell
Retentate Sampling
Port Assembly
Dow Corning® Pharma-80 Tubing,
used to create bypass loop around TFF
liners and cassettes
Extractable Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution
with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
Single-use Feed
Pump Assembly
Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart
Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
03
Single use components –
Compatibility and testing
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19
After exposure to:
20% and 100% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
20% and 100% Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc)
Water
Provide understanding on compatibility of selected standard single-use assemblies and components with the
solvents most commonly used in ADC processing
Overview of Compatibility Testing
Evaluate functionality and extractables of:
 Mobius® MIX bag made from PureFlex™ film
 Opticap® XL filter with Millipore Express® SHC
membrane
 Mobius® FlexReady Solution with SMART Flexware®
assemblies for TFF or Chromatography
 Lynx® CDR and Lynx® S2S sterile connectors
 Colder AseptiQuik® G sterile connectors
Pharma & Biopharma Raw
Material Solutions
Mobius® MIX bag testing
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20
PureFlex™ film
100% DMSO, 100% DMAc, RO water
24-hour soak in solvent at 40°C
Post-solvent exposure:
No visual changes
No change in bag seam strength
Slight increase in film elongation at break
No negative performance impact expected
In use, bag is supported in a holder
Millipore Express® SHC membrane and Opticap® Filter Capsule
testing
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
21
Millipore Express® SHC 0.5mm / 0.2mm PES membrane
47 mm membrane discs and 5” Opticap® XLT capsule
20% DMSO, 20% DMAc, RO water
24-hour soak in solvent at 40°C
Post-solvent exposure:
No visual or physical changes
Water flow passes specification
Bubble point passes specification
Capsule maintains complete microbial retention (> 9
log reduction of B. diminuta)
ADC Processing using Millipore Express® SHC
(Cat#KHGEG015FF3/Lot#C8DA57941)
Bacterial Retention Test
(B. diminuta;>107 CFU/cm2)
Opticap® Filter with Millipore Express® SHC
Extractables Evaluation
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
22
22
 No pre-use flush of capsule
 All identified components are from membrane
manufacture or gamma irradiation
In a worse-case process scenario with low filter
throughput (150 L/m2), all extractable components
would be < 0.1 mg/mL in pool
Subsequent diafiltration will reduce even more
Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane
Non-Volatile Extractables via HPLC-DAD/MS
Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane
Semi-Volatile Extractables via DI-GC/MS
Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane
Volatile Extractables via HS-GC/MS
Flow Paths and Wetted Materials for Solvent Exposure Testing
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
23
Recovery Line
To Transfer Pump
Smart Flexware® Assembly for TFF
100L Single-use
Feed Container
Assembly
Filtrate Assembly with
Single-use Sensors Flow Cell
Retentate Sampling
Port Assembly
Dow Corning® Pharma-80 Tubing,
used to create bypass loop around TFF
liners and cassettes
Extractable Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution
with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
Single-use Feed
Pump Assembly
Lynx® Connectors Flow Loop AseptiQuik® G Flow Loop
Extractable Test Setup on Mobius ® FlexReady Solution
with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
Flowpaths for Post-Exposure Functional Testing
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Valve Bypass Test setup #1
Valve Bypass Test setup #2
Valve Cycling Test setup
Mobius® Smart Flexware™ and Lynx® Connector Extractables
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
25
Metals Analysis
Only traces of sodium and calcium were detected
No metals identified are classified as elements to be considered in the risk assessment as outlined in
ICH Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities and USP <232> Elemental Impurities
Non-Volatile Organic Analysis
No compounds were detected in any system or solvent combination using LC-MS analysis.
Volatile Organic Analysis
HS-GC/MS analysis for volatile organic compounds indicated no extractable peaks in any system.
Semi-Volatile Organic Analysis
DI-GC/MS analysis for semi-volatile organic compounds did not identify any peaks above 0.05 mg/mL.
Results from DMAc exposure, shown on next slide, represent the highest observed levels of the three
solutions which were tested.
Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc: Direct Inject GC-MS
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
26
Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc
Smart Flexware® Assemblies and Connectors for Mobius®
systems, Method: DI-GC/MS
1 Mobius® TF-2S Smart Flexware® assembly, 6L recirculation
Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc
Smart Flexware® Assemblies and Connectors for Mobius®
systems, Method: DI-GC/MS
All identified compounds are < 0.05 mg/mL
1 TF-2S Smart Flexware® Assembly, 6L recirculation
1 Lynx® CDR and 1 Lynx® S2S, 0.5L recirculation
2 AseptiQuick® G connectors, 0.5L recirculation
04
ADC Production – Key
Considerations
ADC Single-use End-user / Supplier Collaboration for Success
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
28
Single-use system design/suitability review:
end user and supplier
• User requirements collaboration session
• Proper selection of standard systems and options
• Review options for single-use assembly custom design
• Users attend supplier demonstration of single-use
equipment
• Outcome: optimal single use-system for application
Supplier training for production success
• Single-use system hardware
• Single-use assembly unpacking and installation
• Key to prevent single use assembly damage
Mobius® Single-use Jacketed Mixers
M Lab™ Burlington, MA
Single-use Technology Benefits - ADC Production experience
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
29
 Faster product changeover
 Accelerated time to clinic
or market
 Faster implementation
 Eliminates cleaning
Validation
 Reduced bioburden risks
 Reduced cross-contamination
risks
 Reduced operator and
environment exposure
 Adaptability to changing
process needs
 Multi-product
manufacturing facilities
 Scalable and movable
platforms
 Lower cost: reduced
water/caustics, utilities, equipment
downtime, and unproductive labor
 Compact footprint
 Lower investment
Reduced ADC potent
waste handling/disposal
ADC Single-use - Production Experience
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
30
Platform ADC process equipment
• Standard automated hardware and single use flowpath
assemblies
Examples:
Chromatography and TFF skids, mix bags
• Development of standards for custom designed single use
assemblies - multiple product/process application
Examples:
Bag manifolds with pump tubing, sample bag and filter in
one single use assembly.
Mix bag assemblies for ADC reactor, process blending and
formulation
• Additional benefits
Simplified inventory
Reduce operator training/manual intervention
Reduce autoclave parts
05
Conclusions
Conclusions: Compatibility and Extractables
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32
Demonstrated solvent compatibility of the most commonly used ADC conjugation chemicals at conditions that exceed typical
concentrations and exposure times for:
Mobius® Mix bag with PureFlex™ film
Opticap® XL filter with Millipore Express® SHC membrane
Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF or Chromatography
Mobius Lynx® CDR, Mobius Lynx® S2S Connectors and Colder AseptiQuik® G sterile connectors
After 24 Hour exposure to 20% DMSO or 20% DMAc
No leaks and no physical changes observed by visual inspection
Bags, flexware, connectors, and filters passed all functionality testing including microbial retention
PureFlex™ film maintained performance after 24-hour exposure to 100% DMSO or 100% DMAc
Extractables Profile
No peaks were identified by LC-MS or HS GC-MS for any of the solvent extractions.
Several peaks were visible using DI GC-MS. No compounds were present above 0.05 mg/mL.
No metals identified by ICP that are classified as elements to be considered in the risk assessment
per ICH Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities and USP <232> Elemental Impurities
Conclusions: Single-use Application for ADC Process
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
33
 A broad range of single-use equipment is available to meet the challenging needs of ADC
production.
 Single-use assemblies are compatible with ADC process solutions.
 Single-use supplier and end user collaboration is key for successful process application.
 Single-use equipment benefits are realized in ADC production.
 Use of standard and custom single-use systems allows for an ADC process equipment
platform that meets multiple product/process needs.
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
34
Acknowledgements
Compatibility and Extractables Testing Team
Mobius® Technical support
 R&D
 Applications Engineering
 Bioprocessing
Bio-Conjugation Center of Excellence St. Louis
 Global Process & Analytical Development
 ADC Production manufacturing
Marcom Team
Ashok Kumar N
The vibrant M, Millipore, SAFC, BioReliance, Mobius, Opticap, Smart Flexware, Pureflex, Lynx, AseptiQuik, Millipore Express and M Lab are trademarks of Merck KGaA,
Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible
resources.
© 2021 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Classification: Public
The life science business of Merck KGaA,
Darmstadt, Germany operates as
MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada.
ADC Production
A journey made safer and faster
Giuseppe Camporeale
Field Marketing Manager - Actives
November 30th, 2021
Classification: Public
The life science business
of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt,
Germany operates as
MilliporeSigma in the U.S.
and Canada
Classification: Public
Ultra Trail slide
ADC production is a long hard road
Classification: Public
Antibody Drug Conjugate Composite
4
Specific for a tumor-associated
antigen that has restricted
expression on normal cells.
Designed to kill target
cells when internalized
and released.
Attaches the cytotoxic agent to the
antibody and are designed to be stable in
circulation and release the cytotoxic agent
inside targeted cells.
Antibody
Payload
Linker
Enhanced
safety
profile and
improved
therapeutic
index for
the patient
Three main components that must be optimized
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
What would an ideal CDMO for ADC production look like?
The perfect travel companion
 Have an integrated offering to perform as many steps as possible
 They guarantee the highest quality standards
 They can support with Regulatory procedures
 They can produce and handle single ng OEL compounds
 They provide innovative solutions to technological pitfalls
5 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
Our Comprehensive Solution
ADC Overview
6
6
Biodevelopment
Center
Massachusetts, USA
Biodevelopment
Center
France
Biodevelopment
Center
China
ADC & Bioconjugation
Suites
Missouri, USA
HPAPI
Manufacturing
Complex
Wisconsin, USA
Biopharmaceutical Testing Services
Maryland, USA
Scotland, UK
PEGs
Switzerland
Monoclonal Antibody
▪ Development
▪ GMP Mfg.
▪ Testing
Payload & Linker
▪ Development
▪ GMP Production
▪ PEGs
▪ Development
▪ GMP Production
Bioconjugates
▪ Development
▪ GMP Manufacturing
▪ Testing
Classification: Public
We support ADC production in every development phase
Comprehensive Solution Provider
7
ADC Express™
St. Louis (MO, US)
Classification: Public
mAb production and Testing
Pre-clinical Phase I Phase II Phase III Commercial
Cell line development
Any mammalian cells
Analytical development
Process development
Templated or customized
GMP Clinical Manufacturing
Single-Use 50 to 2,000 L scale
Facility design, equipment commissioning
Process validation, scale up, TT
Cell banking
Characterization testing Lot Release testing
Classification: Public
PAYLOAD
Complex and Highly Potent
APIs
Classification: Public
SafeBridge® set the standards for HPAPI handling
SafeBridge® Consultants and OEL Categorization
Classification: Public
Chasing the Nanogram Limit
Evolution of CPT target level for HPAPI Certification
Cat 3
<10µg/m3
Cat 4
<30 ng/m3
<10 ng/m3
<1 µg/m3
2004 containment level
2018 containment level
CPT results needed for HPAPI certification
Cat 1
<5 mg/m3
Cat 2
<0.5 mg/m3
• Early containment performance
testing required equipment to
achieve surrogate levels at
<1 µg/m3
• Industry shift in ca. 2010 required
performance targets to become more
restrictive to adapt to industry trend
towards lower OEL materials, namely
ADC Linker/Payloads
• In 2018, additional clinical data for
several ADCs indicated that these
compounds had lowered OEL levels
(<10 ng/m3). This required tighter
CPTs and equipment changes for
safe handling
• Today, 90% of all global
Linker/Payloads for ADC programs
require <10 ng/m3 containment
Takeaway
2010 containment level
<30 ng/m3
Classification: Public
Strategic provider of linker-payloads
for use in Antibody Drug Conjugates
1
2
3 Large scale manufacturing (200 – 800L)
of complex APIs and HPAPIs down to 30
ng/m3 OEL
12
Advancing Pharma Development and Impacting Patients
Madison/Verona is a Premier Supplier of Pre-clinical to Commercial APIs and HPAPIs
Antibody
Linker
Payload
4 Center of Excellence for large scale
chromatography of difficult to separate
compounds
Lab scale manufacturing (≤ 50 L) of HPAPIs
(SafeBridge certified since 2003) with
potencies down to 5 ng/m3 OEL.
Classification: Public
Verona Expansion Overview
13
Capacity Required for HPAPI Customers and Downstream
ADC Manufacturing
 Investment includes 6 best-in-class HPAPI kilo labs (<10 ng/m3 OEL containment), QC lab, and
administrative space
 6,400 m2 addition will be attached to existing Verona facility, and will be ISO8 classified
ADC production – Nov 30th, 2021
Classification: Public
2/3 of payloads arise from 2 Commonly Used Classes
14
Payloads Used in ADC Development
 Tubulin inhibitors
 Derived from a sea hare
 5 Commercial ADCs
Maytansines
Dolastatins
 Tubulin inhibitors
 Derived from an African shrub
 1 Commercial ADC
ADC production – BioP APAC Symposium – Nov 18th, 2021
Classification: Public
DOLCore™ and MAYCore™ Provide Exceptional Value
Versatility
DOLCore™
can be
modified to
meet your
specific
linker-
payload
needs
Speed
DOLCore™
reduces the
number of
synthesis
steps from
15-20 to
four or
fewer
Reduced-
risk
Supply chain
risk reduction
– Ready
stock
available
Free
Samples
Free
samples!
5 g –
Available
now!
Reg.
Support
Phase
appropriate
regulatory
documents
available
Royalty-free
Royalty-free
license
Exclusivity
Earlier
market
exclusivity of
the
commercial
drug
DOLCore™
Average
increase in
sales revenue
of $175M
USD*
*Based on time
savings of developing
a phase 1 candidate
using DOLCore™ vs. a
traditional approach
and average 2020
sales revenue of
commercial ADCs
MayCore™
15 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
Solid quality and regulatory platform – DMF/Dossier
Supply chain complexity reduced – Flexibility
Advantages of the payload core platform include
speed to market and FTO - Years
1
2
3
16
Imagine starting a marathon at mile 21…
Classification: Public
Solubilizing
linkers
PEGs and ChetoSensar™
Classification: Public
Monodisperse PEGs for ADC conjugation in Schaffhausen, CH
18
GMP aPEG Manufacturing for Clinical and Commercial Use
 Production of pure & functionalized PEGs with
standardized molecular weight; 4-24 PEG units
 Application as ADC linker to improve solubility and
achieve optimal Drug to Antibody ratios (DAR)
 High product quality from grams to tons produced
at an FDA-inspected site
 Customized product development & extensive
analytical capabilities
 Regulatory expertise from our dedicated team
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
19
A solution is needed for the hydrophobicity problem
 Requires lowering of
DAR
 Subsequent loss of
efficacy and smaller
therapeutic window
 Side effects
Major modifications needed:
 Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR)
 Change formulation
 Payload selection
 Conjugation site
 Increased use of co-solvent Project termination
 Additional investments needed
(time, $/€, people)
 Increased development risk
 Potential IP / FTO restraints
Further development
ADC poorly soluble
Implications
Solubility is a technical obstacle for today’s ADC
“I am aware of two Small Biotechs that even
went bankrupt because they could not
solve the solubility issue”
- Tier 1 US-based Univ. professor -
Classification: Public
Our Chito-oligosaccharide enhances solubility
Consider it Solved!
20
ChetoSensar™ is a
drug enabler
ChetoSensar™
Technology
Chito-oligosaccharide
Payload (=drug)
Antibody
Linker
20 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
Incorporating Chetosensar™ into an ADC reduces hydrophobicity
0 5 10 15 20 25
m
AU
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
D
AD
1 A, Sig=280,4 R
e
f=o
ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H
IC
18IS0180000003.D
)
10.631
D
AD
1 A, Sig=280,4 R
e
f=o
ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H
IC
18IS0180000010.D
)
11.984
13.928
D
AD
1 A, Sig=280,4 R
e
f=o
ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H
IC
18IS0180000018.D
)
m
0 5 10 15 20 25
mAU
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000003.D)
10.631
DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000008.D)
12.168
14.141
DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000015.D)
Hydrophilic
hydrophili
c
Hydrophobic
t/min
ADC
Absorption
Antibody alone
ADC + Chetosensar™
Antibody alone
Chetosensar™
21
Classification: Public
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
31 41 51 61 71 81 91
Tumor
Volume
in
mm³
days
Vehicle, PBS
vc-MMAE w/o CO
vc-MMAE w/ CO
 With 1/3 of dose, ChetoSensar™ conjugated ADC gives same result as standard ADC
 At same dose, ChetoSensar™-ADC led to rapid and complete tumor regression
 Median results report from a group of 8 mice
Key Takeaways
22
Xenograph Models - MMAE with and without Chetosensar™
Incorporating Chetosensar™ improves ADC efficacy
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
Conjugation
services
St. Louis capabilities
ADC Express™
Classification: Public
24
Connect the Dots
cGMP ADC and Bioconjugation Services
Dedicated assets for ADC development,
manufacturing, and testing:
 Platform Experience with over 80 different
constructs and 180 GMP runs
 Random cysteine or lysine conjugation
technology
 Site directed conjugation via engineered mAbs,
enzyme catalyzed or non-natural amino acids
(NNA)
 Various payloads: auristatins, PBDs,
tubulysines, maytansinoids, non-potent APIs
 Extensive analytical capabilities
 First Commercial ADC facility in US to get
FDA successfully inspected
ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
Classification: Public
Production of development grade ADC constructs for candidate
selection
Leverage established bio-conjugation process & analytical
chemistry platforms
Mini-prep scale – 10-20 mg ADC construct ± column
purification
Medium-prep scale – up to 100 mg ADC construct ± column
purification
Deliverables to customer:
− ADC constructs
− Certificate of testing with key quality attributes
− ADC concentration
− Payload density – DAR
− Monomer / aggregate content
− Residual free payload
− Endotoxin
25
Accelerate your timeline with ADC ExpressTM
Classification: Public
ADC ExpressTM vs. Development and GMP Production
26
Development (GLP)
ADC ExpressTM
GMP Production
 Medium to high throughput
 3mL to 25mL test tubes
 Multiple constructs
prepared and delivered
 Turn around time – 6 to 8
weeks
 Single construct delivered per
project
 One batch produced at a time
 10L to 500L reactors
 Turn around time – 3 to 6 months
 Single construct delivered per
project
 500mL to 10L reactors
 Turn around time – 3 to 6
months
6-12 months Seamless
Classification: Public
conclusions
Classification: Public
We support ADC production in every development phase
Comprehensive Solutions Provider
28
Who will be your trusted ADC journey companion?
 We can support an ADC production E2E
 We can operate at the most appropriate quality standards
 We can support with Regulatory procedures
 We can produce and handle single ng OEL compounds
 We provide innovative solutions to technological pitfalls
Classification: Public
Any questions?
Classification: Public
The vibrant M, SAFC, Dolcore, ADC Express, Chetosensar and Maycore are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources.
© 2021 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

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ADC Production - A Journey made safer and faster

  • 1. Ashok Kumar N, Head – Single Use & Integrated Systems, India Bangalore, India, 30th November 2021 A journey made safer and faster ADC Production Pharma & Biopharma Raw Material Solutions
  • 2. 2 The Life Science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 3. Agenda Introduction to ADC Single Use Technology for ADC production Single use Components – Compatibility and testing Conclusion 1 2 3 5 ADC, Single Use cGMP Production – Key Considerations 4 3 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 5. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 5 According to the research report, global market is projected to display a robust growth represented by a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.82% during 2017-2022, chiefly driven by large number of ADC drugs in pipeline, rising number of cancer patients and wider therapeutic window offered by antibody drug conjugates. Source: "Global Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) Market - Analysis By Drugs (Adcetris, Kadcyla), Pipeline Drugs, Regulations: Opportunities and Forecasts (2017-2022)", Link:(https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/q6jlz9/glob al_antibody) Market Dynamics - The Future of ADCs
  • 6. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 6 What is ADC? ADC: The Guided-missile Cancer Treatment  ADC = Antibody Drug Conjugates  New class off drugs designed as a targeted therapy for treatment of cancers  ADC’s are complex molecules composed of a Mab linked to a cytotoxic agent Elements of ADC
  • 7. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 7 - Suitable quality of parent antibody - Need to optimize additional process steps that are not present in conventional mAb manufacturing e.g. the antibody-drug conjugation reaction and subsequent drug substance purification. - Possible generation of mAb aggregates and drug/linker side reactions, which could lead to subsequent purification and analytical challenges - The manufacturing challenges with respect to process, safety and analytical requirements conferred by conjugation of the biologic to the highly active cytotoxic component. - Ensuring containment of the highly toxic drug compounds to protect operators and the wider environment, which presents significant operational difficulties. Challenges - Technical and Manufacturing
  • 9. 9 Single-use Technology to Streamline Bioprocessing  Faster product changeover  Accelerated time to clinic or market  Faster implementation  Eliminates cleaning Validation  Reduced bioburden risks  Reduced cross- contamination risks  Reduced operator and environment exposure  Adaptability to changing process needs  Multi-product manufacturing facilities  Scalable and movable platforms  Lower cost: reduced water/caustics, utilities, equipment downtime, and unproductive labor  Compact footprint  Lower investment
  • 10. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 10 Applicability of Single-use Technology for ADCs  Process capability for ADC processes  Compatibility/Extractable Studies including ADC solvents  Single Use Assembly Testing − Leak testing − Biological reactivity - USP <88>, Class VI  Product Specific Testing − BioReliance® Extractable and Leachable Validation Services
  • 11. 11 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 11 Single-use ADC Process Reaction Mobius® / powerMix 10-3000L UF/DF Mobius® FlexReady TF2, TF3 2-10m2 Chromatography Mobius® FlexReady 0.1 – 8LPM Formulation/ Filtration Mobius® /Power Mix and Filters 10-3000L Filtration Opticap® Filter with Millipore Express® SHC membrane UF/DF Mobius® FlexReady TF2,TF3 0.5-10m2 Solvent Component
  • 12. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 12 Solvent Compatibility Considerations  Solvent composition  Product contact components  Performance testing − Visual inspection for leaks and physical changes − Functionality testing − Sterile filters – verify microbial retention − Extractables ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Compatibility T Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies - Chromatography
  • 13. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 13 Solvent Compatibility Considerations  Solvent composition  Product contact components  Performance testing − Visual inspection for leaks and physical changes − Functionality testing − Sterile filters – verify microbial retention − Extractables ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Compatibility T Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies - TFF
  • 14. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 14 ADC Single-use Process – TFF Capsules, Holderless installation T T Plug and Play Ready to Use in Minutes Reliable Performance Reduce… • Installation time • Operator error • Integrity failure risks Easy connection • ¾ inch sanitary flange Self-contained filter • Easy to install, safe to remove • Comparable to cassettes in terms of scalability, MOC, screen Benefits In parallel set-up In series set-up (SPTFF)
  • 15. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 15 Common ADC Process Solvents  Drug charge to reactor: − 100% DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) − 100% DMAc (Dimethyl Acetamide)  Reaction/Purification composition − up to 20% DMSO − up to 20% DMAc ADC Single-use Process – Solvent Composition Mobius® Single-use Jacketed Mix 100 L
  • 16. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 16 ADC Single-use Reactor – Solvent Compatibility Mix bag components • Bag film • Ports • Mixer • Tubing • Sampling valve Mixer Sampling Mobius® MyWay 50L PureFlex™ Mobius® MIX Bag Ports Film Example Mix Bag Components PureFlex™ Film Risk assess component exposure to 100% solvent
  • 17. ADC Purification Equipment – Solvent Compatibility ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 17 Flow path assembly components • Pump • Valves • Instrumentation • Mix bag • Sampling Recovery Line To Transfer Pump Smart Flexware® Assembly for TFF 100L Single-use Feed Container Assembly Filtrate Assembly with Single-use Sensors Flow Cell Retentate Sampling Port Assembly Dow Corning® Pharma-80 Tubing, used to create bypass loop around TFF liners and cassettes Extractable Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF Single-use Feed Pump Assembly Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
  • 18. 03 Single use components – Compatibility and testing
  • 19. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 19 After exposure to: 20% and 100% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) 20% and 100% Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) Water Provide understanding on compatibility of selected standard single-use assemblies and components with the solvents most commonly used in ADC processing Overview of Compatibility Testing Evaluate functionality and extractables of:  Mobius® MIX bag made from PureFlex™ film  Opticap® XL filter with Millipore Express® SHC membrane  Mobius® FlexReady Solution with SMART Flexware® assemblies for TFF or Chromatography  Lynx® CDR and Lynx® S2S sterile connectors  Colder AseptiQuik® G sterile connectors Pharma & Biopharma Raw Material Solutions
  • 20. Mobius® MIX bag testing ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 20 PureFlex™ film 100% DMSO, 100% DMAc, RO water 24-hour soak in solvent at 40°C Post-solvent exposure: No visual changes No change in bag seam strength Slight increase in film elongation at break No negative performance impact expected In use, bag is supported in a holder
  • 21. Millipore Express® SHC membrane and Opticap® Filter Capsule testing ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 21 Millipore Express® SHC 0.5mm / 0.2mm PES membrane 47 mm membrane discs and 5” Opticap® XLT capsule 20% DMSO, 20% DMAc, RO water 24-hour soak in solvent at 40°C Post-solvent exposure: No visual or physical changes Water flow passes specification Bubble point passes specification Capsule maintains complete microbial retention (> 9 log reduction of B. diminuta) ADC Processing using Millipore Express® SHC (Cat#KHGEG015FF3/Lot#C8DA57941) Bacterial Retention Test (B. diminuta;>107 CFU/cm2)
  • 22. Opticap® Filter with Millipore Express® SHC Extractables Evaluation ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 22 22  No pre-use flush of capsule  All identified components are from membrane manufacture or gamma irradiation In a worse-case process scenario with low filter throughput (150 L/m2), all extractable components would be < 0.1 mg/mL in pool Subsequent diafiltration will reduce even more Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane Non-Volatile Extractables via HPLC-DAD/MS Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane Semi-Volatile Extractables via DI-GC/MS Opticap® XL5 Capsule with Millipore Express® SHC Membrane Volatile Extractables via HS-GC/MS
  • 23. Flow Paths and Wetted Materials for Solvent Exposure Testing ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 23 Recovery Line To Transfer Pump Smart Flexware® Assembly for TFF 100L Single-use Feed Container Assembly Filtrate Assembly with Single-use Sensors Flow Cell Retentate Sampling Port Assembly Dow Corning® Pharma-80 Tubing, used to create bypass loop around TFF liners and cassettes Extractable Test Setup on Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF Single-use Feed Pump Assembly Lynx® Connectors Flow Loop AseptiQuik® G Flow Loop Extractable Test Setup on Mobius ® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF
  • 24. Flowpaths for Post-Exposure Functional Testing ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 24 Valve Bypass Test setup #1 Valve Bypass Test setup #2 Valve Cycling Test setup
  • 25. Mobius® Smart Flexware™ and Lynx® Connector Extractables ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 25 Metals Analysis Only traces of sodium and calcium were detected No metals identified are classified as elements to be considered in the risk assessment as outlined in ICH Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities and USP <232> Elemental Impurities Non-Volatile Organic Analysis No compounds were detected in any system or solvent combination using LC-MS analysis. Volatile Organic Analysis HS-GC/MS analysis for volatile organic compounds indicated no extractable peaks in any system. Semi-Volatile Organic Analysis DI-GC/MS analysis for semi-volatile organic compounds did not identify any peaks above 0.05 mg/mL. Results from DMAc exposure, shown on next slide, represent the highest observed levels of the three solutions which were tested.
  • 26. Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc: Direct Inject GC-MS ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 26 Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc Smart Flexware® Assemblies and Connectors for Mobius® systems, Method: DI-GC/MS 1 Mobius® TF-2S Smart Flexware® assembly, 6L recirculation Extractables after Exposure to 20% DMAc Smart Flexware® Assemblies and Connectors for Mobius® systems, Method: DI-GC/MS All identified compounds are < 0.05 mg/mL 1 TF-2S Smart Flexware® Assembly, 6L recirculation 1 Lynx® CDR and 1 Lynx® S2S, 0.5L recirculation 2 AseptiQuick® G connectors, 0.5L recirculation
  • 27. 04 ADC Production – Key Considerations
  • 28. ADC Single-use End-user / Supplier Collaboration for Success ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 28 Single-use system design/suitability review: end user and supplier • User requirements collaboration session • Proper selection of standard systems and options • Review options for single-use assembly custom design • Users attend supplier demonstration of single-use equipment • Outcome: optimal single use-system for application Supplier training for production success • Single-use system hardware • Single-use assembly unpacking and installation • Key to prevent single use assembly damage Mobius® Single-use Jacketed Mixers M Lab™ Burlington, MA
  • 29. Single-use Technology Benefits - ADC Production experience ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 29  Faster product changeover  Accelerated time to clinic or market  Faster implementation  Eliminates cleaning Validation  Reduced bioburden risks  Reduced cross-contamination risks  Reduced operator and environment exposure  Adaptability to changing process needs  Multi-product manufacturing facilities  Scalable and movable platforms  Lower cost: reduced water/caustics, utilities, equipment downtime, and unproductive labor  Compact footprint  Lower investment Reduced ADC potent waste handling/disposal
  • 30. ADC Single-use - Production Experience ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 30 Platform ADC process equipment • Standard automated hardware and single use flowpath assemblies Examples: Chromatography and TFF skids, mix bags • Development of standards for custom designed single use assemblies - multiple product/process application Examples: Bag manifolds with pump tubing, sample bag and filter in one single use assembly. Mix bag assemblies for ADC reactor, process blending and formulation • Additional benefits Simplified inventory Reduce operator training/manual intervention Reduce autoclave parts
  • 32. Conclusions: Compatibility and Extractables ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 32 Demonstrated solvent compatibility of the most commonly used ADC conjugation chemicals at conditions that exceed typical concentrations and exposure times for: Mobius® Mix bag with PureFlex™ film Opticap® XL filter with Millipore Express® SHC membrane Mobius® FlexReady Solution with Smart Flexware® Assemblies for TFF or Chromatography Mobius Lynx® CDR, Mobius Lynx® S2S Connectors and Colder AseptiQuik® G sterile connectors After 24 Hour exposure to 20% DMSO or 20% DMAc No leaks and no physical changes observed by visual inspection Bags, flexware, connectors, and filters passed all functionality testing including microbial retention PureFlex™ film maintained performance after 24-hour exposure to 100% DMSO or 100% DMAc Extractables Profile No peaks were identified by LC-MS or HS GC-MS for any of the solvent extractions. Several peaks were visible using DI GC-MS. No compounds were present above 0.05 mg/mL. No metals identified by ICP that are classified as elements to be considered in the risk assessment per ICH Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities and USP <232> Elemental Impurities
  • 33. Conclusions: Single-use Application for ADC Process ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 33  A broad range of single-use equipment is available to meet the challenging needs of ADC production.  Single-use assemblies are compatible with ADC process solutions.  Single-use supplier and end user collaboration is key for successful process application.  Single-use equipment benefits are realized in ADC production.  Use of standard and custom single-use systems allows for an ADC process equipment platform that meets multiple product/process needs.
  • 34. ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021 34 Acknowledgements Compatibility and Extractables Testing Team Mobius® Technical support  R&D  Applications Engineering  Bioprocessing Bio-Conjugation Center of Excellence St. Louis  Global Process & Analytical Development  ADC Production manufacturing Marcom Team
  • 35. Ashok Kumar N The vibrant M, Millipore, SAFC, BioReliance, Mobius, Opticap, Smart Flexware, Pureflex, Lynx, AseptiQuik, Millipore Express and M Lab are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources. © 2021 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
  • 36. Classification: Public The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada. ADC Production A journey made safer and faster Giuseppe Camporeale Field Marketing Manager - Actives November 30th, 2021
  • 37. Classification: Public The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada
  • 38. Classification: Public Ultra Trail slide ADC production is a long hard road
  • 39. Classification: Public Antibody Drug Conjugate Composite 4 Specific for a tumor-associated antigen that has restricted expression on normal cells. Designed to kill target cells when internalized and released. Attaches the cytotoxic agent to the antibody and are designed to be stable in circulation and release the cytotoxic agent inside targeted cells. Antibody Payload Linker Enhanced safety profile and improved therapeutic index for the patient Three main components that must be optimized ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 40. Classification: Public What would an ideal CDMO for ADC production look like? The perfect travel companion  Have an integrated offering to perform as many steps as possible  They guarantee the highest quality standards  They can support with Regulatory procedures  They can produce and handle single ng OEL compounds  They provide innovative solutions to technological pitfalls 5 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 41. Classification: Public Our Comprehensive Solution ADC Overview 6 6 Biodevelopment Center Massachusetts, USA Biodevelopment Center France Biodevelopment Center China ADC & Bioconjugation Suites Missouri, USA HPAPI Manufacturing Complex Wisconsin, USA Biopharmaceutical Testing Services Maryland, USA Scotland, UK PEGs Switzerland Monoclonal Antibody ▪ Development ▪ GMP Mfg. ▪ Testing Payload & Linker ▪ Development ▪ GMP Production ▪ PEGs ▪ Development ▪ GMP Production Bioconjugates ▪ Development ▪ GMP Manufacturing ▪ Testing
  • 42. Classification: Public We support ADC production in every development phase Comprehensive Solution Provider 7 ADC Express™ St. Louis (MO, US)
  • 43. Classification: Public mAb production and Testing Pre-clinical Phase I Phase II Phase III Commercial Cell line development Any mammalian cells Analytical development Process development Templated or customized GMP Clinical Manufacturing Single-Use 50 to 2,000 L scale Facility design, equipment commissioning Process validation, scale up, TT Cell banking Characterization testing Lot Release testing
  • 45. Classification: Public SafeBridge® set the standards for HPAPI handling SafeBridge® Consultants and OEL Categorization
  • 46. Classification: Public Chasing the Nanogram Limit Evolution of CPT target level for HPAPI Certification Cat 3 <10µg/m3 Cat 4 <30 ng/m3 <10 ng/m3 <1 µg/m3 2004 containment level 2018 containment level CPT results needed for HPAPI certification Cat 1 <5 mg/m3 Cat 2 <0.5 mg/m3 • Early containment performance testing required equipment to achieve surrogate levels at <1 µg/m3 • Industry shift in ca. 2010 required performance targets to become more restrictive to adapt to industry trend towards lower OEL materials, namely ADC Linker/Payloads • In 2018, additional clinical data for several ADCs indicated that these compounds had lowered OEL levels (<10 ng/m3). This required tighter CPTs and equipment changes for safe handling • Today, 90% of all global Linker/Payloads for ADC programs require <10 ng/m3 containment Takeaway 2010 containment level <30 ng/m3
  • 47. Classification: Public Strategic provider of linker-payloads for use in Antibody Drug Conjugates 1 2 3 Large scale manufacturing (200 – 800L) of complex APIs and HPAPIs down to 30 ng/m3 OEL 12 Advancing Pharma Development and Impacting Patients Madison/Verona is a Premier Supplier of Pre-clinical to Commercial APIs and HPAPIs Antibody Linker Payload 4 Center of Excellence for large scale chromatography of difficult to separate compounds Lab scale manufacturing (≤ 50 L) of HPAPIs (SafeBridge certified since 2003) with potencies down to 5 ng/m3 OEL.
  • 48. Classification: Public Verona Expansion Overview 13 Capacity Required for HPAPI Customers and Downstream ADC Manufacturing  Investment includes 6 best-in-class HPAPI kilo labs (<10 ng/m3 OEL containment), QC lab, and administrative space  6,400 m2 addition will be attached to existing Verona facility, and will be ISO8 classified ADC production – Nov 30th, 2021
  • 49. Classification: Public 2/3 of payloads arise from 2 Commonly Used Classes 14 Payloads Used in ADC Development  Tubulin inhibitors  Derived from a sea hare  5 Commercial ADCs Maytansines Dolastatins  Tubulin inhibitors  Derived from an African shrub  1 Commercial ADC ADC production – BioP APAC Symposium – Nov 18th, 2021
  • 50. Classification: Public DOLCore™ and MAYCore™ Provide Exceptional Value Versatility DOLCore™ can be modified to meet your specific linker- payload needs Speed DOLCore™ reduces the number of synthesis steps from 15-20 to four or fewer Reduced- risk Supply chain risk reduction – Ready stock available Free Samples Free samples! 5 g – Available now! Reg. Support Phase appropriate regulatory documents available Royalty-free Royalty-free license Exclusivity Earlier market exclusivity of the commercial drug DOLCore™ Average increase in sales revenue of $175M USD* *Based on time savings of developing a phase 1 candidate using DOLCore™ vs. a traditional approach and average 2020 sales revenue of commercial ADCs MayCore™ 15 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 51. Classification: Public Solid quality and regulatory platform – DMF/Dossier Supply chain complexity reduced – Flexibility Advantages of the payload core platform include speed to market and FTO - Years 1 2 3 16 Imagine starting a marathon at mile 21…
  • 53. Classification: Public Monodisperse PEGs for ADC conjugation in Schaffhausen, CH 18 GMP aPEG Manufacturing for Clinical and Commercial Use  Production of pure & functionalized PEGs with standardized molecular weight; 4-24 PEG units  Application as ADC linker to improve solubility and achieve optimal Drug to Antibody ratios (DAR)  High product quality from grams to tons produced at an FDA-inspected site  Customized product development & extensive analytical capabilities  Regulatory expertise from our dedicated team ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 54. Classification: Public 19 A solution is needed for the hydrophobicity problem  Requires lowering of DAR  Subsequent loss of efficacy and smaller therapeutic window  Side effects Major modifications needed:  Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR)  Change formulation  Payload selection  Conjugation site  Increased use of co-solvent Project termination  Additional investments needed (time, $/€, people)  Increased development risk  Potential IP / FTO restraints Further development ADC poorly soluble Implications Solubility is a technical obstacle for today’s ADC “I am aware of two Small Biotechs that even went bankrupt because they could not solve the solubility issue” - Tier 1 US-based Univ. professor -
  • 55. Classification: Public Our Chito-oligosaccharide enhances solubility Consider it Solved! 20 ChetoSensar™ is a drug enabler ChetoSensar™ Technology Chito-oligosaccharide Payload (=drug) Antibody Linker 20 ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 56. Classification: Public Incorporating Chetosensar™ into an ADC reduces hydrophobicity 0 5 10 15 20 25 m AU 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 D AD 1 A, Sig=280,4 R e f=o ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H IC 18IS0180000003.D ) 10.631 D AD 1 A, Sig=280,4 R e f=o ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H IC 18IS0180000010.D ) 11.984 13.928 D AD 1 A, Sig=280,4 R e f=o ff (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_H IC 18IS0180000018.D ) m 0 5 10 15 20 25 mAU 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000003.D) 10.631 DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000008.D) 12.168 14.141 DAD1 A, Sig=280,4 Ref=off (IS18IS018 2018-01-23 08-05-23_HIC18IS0180000015.D) Hydrophilic hydrophili c Hydrophobic t/min ADC Absorption Antibody alone ADC + Chetosensar™ Antibody alone Chetosensar™ 21
  • 57. Classification: Public 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 Tumor Volume in mm³ days Vehicle, PBS vc-MMAE w/o CO vc-MMAE w/ CO  With 1/3 of dose, ChetoSensar™ conjugated ADC gives same result as standard ADC  At same dose, ChetoSensar™-ADC led to rapid and complete tumor regression  Median results report from a group of 8 mice Key Takeaways 22 Xenograph Models - MMAE with and without Chetosensar™ Incorporating Chetosensar™ improves ADC efficacy ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 59. Classification: Public 24 Connect the Dots cGMP ADC and Bioconjugation Services Dedicated assets for ADC development, manufacturing, and testing:  Platform Experience with over 80 different constructs and 180 GMP runs  Random cysteine or lysine conjugation technology  Site directed conjugation via engineered mAbs, enzyme catalyzed or non-natural amino acids (NNA)  Various payloads: auristatins, PBDs, tubulysines, maytansinoids, non-potent APIs  Extensive analytical capabilities  First Commercial ADC facility in US to get FDA successfully inspected ADC Production – A journey made safer and faster| 30.11.2021
  • 60. Classification: Public Production of development grade ADC constructs for candidate selection Leverage established bio-conjugation process & analytical chemistry platforms Mini-prep scale – 10-20 mg ADC construct ± column purification Medium-prep scale – up to 100 mg ADC construct ± column purification Deliverables to customer: − ADC constructs − Certificate of testing with key quality attributes − ADC concentration − Payload density – DAR − Monomer / aggregate content − Residual free payload − Endotoxin 25 Accelerate your timeline with ADC ExpressTM
  • 61. Classification: Public ADC ExpressTM vs. Development and GMP Production 26 Development (GLP) ADC ExpressTM GMP Production  Medium to high throughput  3mL to 25mL test tubes  Multiple constructs prepared and delivered  Turn around time – 6 to 8 weeks  Single construct delivered per project  One batch produced at a time  10L to 500L reactors  Turn around time – 3 to 6 months  Single construct delivered per project  500mL to 10L reactors  Turn around time – 3 to 6 months 6-12 months Seamless
  • 63. Classification: Public We support ADC production in every development phase Comprehensive Solutions Provider 28 Who will be your trusted ADC journey companion?  We can support an ADC production E2E  We can operate at the most appropriate quality standards  We can support with Regulatory procedures  We can produce and handle single ng OEL compounds  We provide innovative solutions to technological pitfalls
  • 65. Classification: Public The vibrant M, SAFC, Dolcore, ADC Express, Chetosensar and Maycore are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources. © 2021 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.