media

1. Unit 8 - Task 1
By Lauren Rosenfeld - WD
& Suela Elezi - BBC
Suela

2. Ownership
Ownership is the act, state, or right of possessing
something. Some companies are privately owned and
operated between shareholders, who buy shares within
the company. A board of directors are elected to run the
company, such as with The Walt Disney Company.
Whereas, other companies are owned by the public,
such as the BBC, where the public of the United
Kingdom pay for their service, with a TV license.
Although, they may be paid for by the public, the
government runs it on their behalf.

3. Ownership of BBC
The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), is not a private company but is
rather public because it is owned by the British public as people in Britain pay a
TV licence which allows them to watch live television on any of their devices.
The government runs the company on behalf of the people who pay the TV
licence. They set rules to make sure BBC suits the public’s needs. The BBC
Trust was the governing body of the BBC, however it is now Ofcom who
regulate the BBC’s performance, and make sure they are compliant with
content standards. The BBC must make sure that they follow the royal charter.
These include to inform, educate and entertain the public. The royal charter
also aims to provide better quality programmes to satisfy the audience and
make sure that the programmes are suitable and the programmes are
appropriate for the right target audience.
The chairman of the BBC is David Clementi and the the director general is
Tony Hall. David Clementi leads the BBC Trust. Clementi and fellow Trustees
are independent from the BBC’s Executive Board, which is led by the BBC's
executive head and editor in chief – the director-general Tony Hall. The
primary job of the Trust is to monitor the performance of the executive but also
at key moments to represent the BBC.

4. Ownership of Walt Disney
The Walt Disney Company is a publicly traded corporation
owned by its shareholders. Chairman and CEO Robert Iger took
control of Disney in 2006. He focuses on generating the best
creative content possible; fostering innovation and utilizing the
latest technology; and expanding into new markets around the
world. The largest shareholders are Vanguard Group, Inc. with
5.5%, and State Street Corp. with 4.22%. The Laurene Powell
Jobs Trust, was the largest stockholder, owning 7.27% of the
shares, but now owns 4%. Andy Bird is the chairman, responsible
for Disney’s businesses outside of the United States, and Alan
Braverman the senior vice president of the company. Braverman
serves as the chief legal officer of the company.

5. Funding of BBC
Funding is the act of providing financial resource to a company. Some companies are
funded by shareholders (Disney), whereas others can be funded by the general public
(BBC).
There are many different types of funding that companies use. The BBC use funding such
as, selling formats, TV licence fee, merchandises, product placement, DVD sales from the
BBC Store, CDs and DVDs and selling books and magazines. It does not take money from
shareholders or other companies unlike Walt Disney. Selling formats involves selling an
original idea to another company. For example, one format recently sold was The Great
Bake Off, which was sold to sold to PRO TV in Romania. Product placement is another
way the BBC fund productions. This includes manufacturers of goods gaining exposure for
their products by paying for them to be featured in films and television programmes. The
bottom image shows that the licence fee helps bring in most of the funding for the
company and increases each year from 2004 to 2014. The licence fee has benefited BBC
from guaranteed increases in its £3.7bn licence fee income. By using TV licence fees, this
will allow BBC to generate more revenue as the British audience are having to pay to watch
the programmes and this will allow the company to make money for the service they are
offering the audience. Furthermore, BBC has created merchandises of current programmes
that can help the programme became more popular and receive money from the sales they
make from the audience purchasing the mechensides. Finally, BBC has created a service
called BBC Store. BBC Store was created in order to allow the audience to buy
programmes that they can watch whenever they want or wherever they go.

6. Funding of Walt Disney
Walt Disney has several ways of funding their products, and The Walt
Disney Studios films account for a small percentage of their revenue.
The smallest amount of revenue comes from Online games and
entertainment account for $1,299,000,000. Consumer products, which
include merchandising and luxury goods produce $3,985,000,000. Studio
entertainment (subsidiaries), such as films released by Walt Disney
Animation, Lucasfilm, Touchstone Pictures, Marvel Studios and Pixar
add up to $7,278,000,000. Parks and resorts, with the Disney Parks being
the world's most visited theme park company produces $15,099,000,000
and lastly media networks. These include Disney's cable networks such
as ABC and ESPN, which create $21,152,000,000 yearly. Walt Disney is
also funded by its shareholders. For example, CEO Robert Iger
continues to hold more than 1.1 million shares in the company, costing
$119,603,000.

7. BBC Synergy
Synergy is the release of a brand or product across different media platforms.
Examples include films, books and soundtracks. These increase the brands
image and and expand the target audience. Also, money is the main aim for
companies that use synergy as it allows the company to make money from the
more audience views they receive.
One popular brand that BBC has used in synergy is Doctor Who. Doctor who
first started as a television programme and during the TV show, a comic book
was also released and then later the show was turned into a movie. Once the
show became a popular programme, BBC decided to sell merchandises such as
DVDs, t-shirts, comic figures and toys to gain audience views. Synergy also
increases revenue, combines talent and technology and reduces costs as the
company can eliminate processes as the industry can expand on a popular
programme and not have to create another programme but just expand on the
current programme. Finally, BBC also used another type of media platform,
spin-offs such as The Sarah Jane Adventures, Doctor Who Extra and
Torchwood.

8. Walt Disney Synergy
Walt Disney was one of the first companies to use synergistic techniques in the 1930s. They
granted licenses to others to use Mickey Mouse on their merchandise. For example, Mickey
Mouse games, lunchboxes and tshirts. Another example of synergy in Disney is the
Avengers. The avengers started out as a comic book, and today is the 5th highest grossing
movie of all time. It was produced by Marvel Studios, a subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment,
which is owned by multinational conglomerate corporation Walt Disney. Several synergistic
techniques were used to make the movie successful, including releasing a soundtrack and
DVDs (BluRay and digital downloads). Several games were created including The
Avengers: Battle For Earth, which was made available on Xbox 360 (Microsoft) and Wii U
(Nintendo) and Lego Marvel's Avengers. Merchandise such as toys, posters,clothing for the
film became available to buy and previous films such as Captain America: The First
Avenger,Iron Man 1 and 2, Thor and The Hulk 1 and 2 acted as free promotion for the film,
with hints of the next film at the end of the credits. For television, two new animated series
debuted in the summer on the Disney XD channel: "Marvel's Avengers Assemble" and "Hulk
and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H." In addition, new comics, gaming and live events are also
developed and released on a continuous basis, further enhancing the Avengers franchise
yearly.

9. Disney synergy
Synergy is used by Disney for several reasons. It is useful, as it
targets several different audiences, by spreading the brand across
different platforms. This means that all audiences can be reached,
whether it through video games or different movies. Disney has a
constant media synergy, as everything within a franchise promotes
something else, such as in the Marvel universe, where further
promotion of different films within the universe are used and thus,
more profit is generated. Therefore, the brands image increases, as
several techniques have been used to target all audiences, from
children to the elderly. For example, Disney used the cover of ESPN
Magazine to promote the release of The Avengers, which would
usually have a older male audience. Whereas, the Avengers Lego
game is aimed at a younger target audience of the film. Thus,
generating a wider audience for the final film..

10. BBC Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are smaller companies that are controlled by a larger company (a conglomerate).
BBC have many different subsidiaries. These include CBBC, BBC Academy, BBC Worldwide, BBC Sports, BBC News and BBC
Film.
BBC Worldwide is a main commercial arm the helps to support the BBC public service and maximise profits on its behalf. They
do this through investing in, commercialising and showcasing content from the BBC around the world. By showing the BBC
content around the world, this will allow BBC to gain more audience views and receive revenue from different countries to allow
the content to be shown in their country. Another famous subsidiaries is BBC Films. BBC Films is an industry that creates original
films that are then presented on the BBC company. The industry creates British oriented films and presents the films to the British
audience who pay the TV fee. Furthermore, BBC Films allows the British audience to watch films that they can watch then having
to pay extra for another company that sells films for them to watch, so BBC Films provides the films that can benefit the audience
and not have to pay extra as they already pay a TV license and give the audience another option to watch instead of just watching
TV programmes.
For example, BBC created subsidiaries such as, BBC Sports, and allowed this certain individual channel to just present sports
which can be watched by individuals who have an interest in this subject. BBC Sports still uses the company’s original logo but
still shows the logo for the new show. BBC subsidiaries were created, in order for different channels to specialise in certain fields.

11. Disney Subsidiaries
The conglomerate Walt Disney, has several other smaller companies that they own (subsidiaries).
A few subsidiaries include Marvel Studios, Pixar, ABC, LucasFilm and ESPN. All these subsidiaries
specialise in different fields. For example, Marvel studios is dedicated to producing films based on
Marvel Comics characters. Pixar specialises in making animated feature films and ABC and ESPN
produce television. Lastly, LucasFilm, who are best known for creating and producing the Star
Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as its leadership in developing special effects, sound
and computer animation for film. There are several reasons why subsidiaries are created. One of
these reasons is to reduce competition. For example, Disney bought Pixar, as Disney would benefit
by owning the world's most innovative computer animation studio, and Pixar would benefit from
Disney's wide distribution network. Another reason is to create a corporate identity. For example,
Pixar's logo is still used for films they have created to maintain the integrity of their brand identity.
Subsidiaries are also created, as they are cheaper for the mother company. For example, rather
than creating a brand new animation company and train more people, it is cheaper and easier to
buy a company that already specialises in that specific field. Such as with Pixar, it was already a
specialised and established company and it was simpler for Disney to buy the company rather than
create a new division in the animation sector, and compete with an already well established
company.

12. BBC products and services
The product is what the audience consume, and services are the platform is used to deliver the
product.
For example, BBC has a service such as, BBC One that presents the product such as,
Eastenders which is a popular television programme that is watched by many people living in
Britain. The target audience for Eastenders is targeted for any age group because it portrays
characters from different ages, from young to older, so anyone can watch the programme and
it relates to every age group from 12 years old up to 60 years old.
Another example of a product and service that is produced by the company BBC is Bad
Education which is the programme and BBC Three which is the service that delivers the
programme. Bad Education is a programme that targets teenagers and young adults. The
reason this is the target audience of the programme is because the show uses characters with
similar age of the audience which can make the audience feel relatable to the show and make
it more enjoyable for them to watch.
CBBC is a service that has been created and run by BBC. CBBC provides a product such as
children programmes like, The Dumping Ground, Horrible History, The Sarah Jane
Adventures, Blue Peter and Friday Download. CBBC targets young children from ages of 8
years old up to 14 years old because the TV show has been created for young children to have
their own programme that they can watch as the context will be suitable for them and allow
them to enjoy shows that they can relate to and enjoy to watch.

13. Disney products and services
One product that Disney produces is the TV show Liv and Maddie, which is distributed on
the service Disney Channel. The target audience for this show are children, specifically
female. Another product Disney produce is the TV show How to Get Away With Murder,
which is distributed on the service ABC. The main target audience for this show are 18-49
year old females. Disney has also produced Thor, which was released on DVD and available
to buy on Marvels official website (service). The primary audience for the movie was both
genders, aged 10-16, and the secondary audience are parents. The movie is marketed as
family friendly, by the 12 age rating, and designed for parents to take their children to see it.
Lastly, another product by Disney is the TV show Pretty Little Liars, which is distributed via
the service of FreeForm. The target audience for this is primarily teenage girls. There are a
range of products and services by Disney, as this makes sure that they can cater for as many
people as possible. For example, they aim their services at different target audiences and
have a wide range, leading to more profit for the company, rather than aiming their services
at one specific type of person. Therefore, with several products and services they can
increase their brand image and identity, as many different generations consume them. Also,
as more generations are satisfied with the services provided this generates a lot of profit for
the company.