2. LAN
LANs or Local Area
Networks are private
networks that allow users
to share devices and
programs, or send files and
e-mails through an
interconnection of lots of
different devices, such as
personal computers (PCs),
workstations, printers and
other equipment. These
devices are usually in the
same building or in
buildings that are close
together. One example of a
LAN is an Ethernet
3. NETWORK CARD
Network card is an
electronic device that
connects a computer to a
computer network,
usually a LAN. It is
considered a piece of
computer hardware.
Each network node or
station has to have
special communications
card specific to the type
of Ethernet that is being
set up.
4. SWITCHES
Switches are active network elements. Like hubs, they have a series of RJ45
ports used to connect to the network nodes. Switches are faster than hubs,
working at 100 Mhz. There are even some switches with 1000 MHz ports.
Switches always know which nodes are connected to their ports. When data is
transmitted between two nodes, the switches set up a communications
channel between the ports of the two nodes involved so that the maximum
speed maintained.
5. ROUTER
Routers are small physical
devices that join multiple
networks together. Technically,
a router is a Layer 3 gateway
device, meaning that it
connects two or more networks
and that the router operates at
the network layer. Home
networks typically use a
wireless or wired Internet
Protocol (IP) router. An IP router
joins the home's local area
network (LAN) to the wide-area
network (WAN) of the Internet.
Home networks typically use a wireless or wired Internet Protocol (IP)
router. An IP router joins the home's local area network (LAN) to the
wide-area network (WAN) of the Internet.
6. TCP/IP
Computers communicate with each other using a communication code called
the network protocol, a set of rules and conventions that help to ensure
reliable transfer of information. Network protocols must carry out five
functions:
- Correctly locate any computer on the network.
- Understand all the messages, regardless of the type of communication used
(ADSL, cable,... )
- Understand all the messages, regardless of the operating system used by
the connected computer (Windows, Linux, Mac OS)
- Allow secure information exchange.
- Finish the correction correctly.
The protocol TCP/IP (transmission control protocol) is a basic element for the
structure of the current operating systems. Thanks to this protocol, different
operating systems and different networks can communicate each other. Even,
many hardware devices like printers, routers, etc. include this protocol to be
configured inside a network.
7. TCP/IP FUNCTION
The protocol TCP/IP is made up of two protocols: IP
and TCP. TCP provides reliable transfer of
information transmitted across the network. The
protocol IP transfers information to the destination
computer.
8. IP
All computers that are connected to the Internet must be
identifiable so that they can be located quickly and accurately.
Each computer is therefore assigned its own unique address
called an IP address. Each IP address is made up of four
groups of numbers separated by full stops. Each of these
groups can have a value of between 0 and 255. Example:
195.235.165.34
