1. Researches in the field of civil engineering are
focusing on green concrete with unusual type of
aggregates
MIKE JABBOUR
CONCRETE WITH WASTE GLASS
AGGREGATES … THE INNOVATIVE
GREEN SOLUTION

2.  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 WASTE GLASS AGGREGATES CONCRETE FAST GROWING IMPACT
 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCRETE WITH WASTE GLASS AGGREGATES
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENT

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Researches in the field of civil engineering are focusing on an new type of lightweight aggregates with expanded glass
granules made from waste glass is being used
Cement and glass industries are facing a lot of challenges due to the high greenhouse gases emissions, the intensive use of energy and
the intensive use of the earth’s natural resources. The current situation of discarding waste glass to landfills is also not offering an
environmental friendly management for the waste glass, due to the no biodegradable form of the waste glass. However, the chemical
composition and the pouzzolanic properties of waste glass are encouraging for the use of this waste in the cement and concrete industries
and to provide an environmental friendly solution for the glass and cement industries. This paper reviews the different uses of waste glass
in cement and concrete and the effect of the glass properties on the performance and durability of the produce cement and concrete
 Lightweight concrete has become a popular construction material because of several advantages it holds over conventional
concrete. Lightweight concrete is characterized by good compressive strength, durability and the most important advantages – low
density and improved properties of thermal conductivity. Typical lightweight concrete aggregates are expanded clay or shale,
natural porous materials like vermiculite or pumice.

4. THE NEED TO REUSE GLASS WASTES
Glass waste is representing urgent environmental problems
all
over the world
The best solution to overcome over the environmental
impact of these glass wastes is to reuse them. Recycling of
these wastes will help to conserve the earth’s natural
resources, minimizes the landfills spaces and saves energy
and money
A lot of challenges are facing the cement industry these
days such as the increase in the cost of fuels and energy, the
necessities to reduce the huge amount of greenhouse gases
emission especially the CO2 emission and the high cost of the
raw materials and the supply of theses raw materials in
sufficient quantities and qualities.
CEMENT INDUSTRY CHALLENGES
In this context, the field of construction has seen its sustainable and environmental effects increase dramatically in the past
years and reach the point where the need for an innovative tool like glass aggregates concrete to replace traditional concrete is
vital.
WASTE GLASS AGGREGATES CONCRETE FAST
GROWING IMPACT
Year
Recycling
Volume
2004 157,535
2005 149,845
2006 166,249
2007 197,839
2008 194,694
2009 207,696
2010 211,611
2011 238,334
2012 221,570
2013 222,511
2014 227,743
Recycling Volume of Waste Glass
Containers over Recent 10Years.
Units Tons . Source
(recycle.epa.gov.tw)

5. The fears from the Alkali-Silica reaction can be solved by several method like the Coating it with zirconium (a solution chosen by the glass fiber
industry, but impractical for post-consumer waste glass) or by sealing the concrete to protect it from moisture, either on a micro- or
component level because ASR needs three factors to thrive: alkali, silica, and moisture.
 Studies on the use of different forms of glass as aggregate
(quartz, opal, fiber glass and glass) with cement showed
concerns related to the Alkali -Silica reaction (ASR).
 This destructive reaction is the number one obstacle against
the potential use of waste glass aggregates.
Concerns about using waste glass as an aggregate
Concrete made up with glass as an aggregate has a lower
absorption rate for water than sand. These properties make
waste glass an interesting material to be used as an
aggregate in the production of concrete.
Waste Glass as an aggregate in Concrete
 Because of the concern of the environmental impact of waste glass,
a lot of studies have been done recently for the use of waste glass as
aggregate in concrete.
 These studies investigated the properties of the waste glass
aggregate and tried to find the optimum percentage of waste glass
that can be used as aggregate without any effect on the properties of
the produced concrete.
Concrete Industry is under pressure to find a sustainable eco-
friendly concrete
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCRETE WITH
WASTE GLASS AGGREGATES
Large quantities of the solid waste that can be used in the manufacture of cement and concrete are still discarded to landfills.
The non biodegradable structure of glass makes the discarding of this waste to landfills a bad solution, while the cement and
concrete industry can provide an environmental friendly waste management for the glass waste.
Physical properties of waste glass and sand. Source Z.Z. Ismail, E.A. Al-Hashmi,
Recycling of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, Waste
Management (New York, N.Y.) 29 (2009) 655–659,

6.  Different studies have been done to investigate the
optimum percentage of waste glass that can be used as a
partial replacement to cement to produce concrete.
 The experimental results showed that the compressive
strength of the waste glass concrete was less than that
without waste glass.
 The ASR expansion test results showed that the ASR
expansion decreased with increasing the percentage of
waste glass powder because the pouzzolanic reaction of
the glass powder consumed the alkali hydroxide
concentration and the CH of the concrete mixture. The
researchers concluded that 30% replacement of cement
by glass waste is required to reduce the ASR expansion
below 0.1%.
The percentage of waste glass replacement

7. Technical advantages
 This type of lightweight concrete provides
low density, which reduces dead loads in
constructions and good thermal
conductivity, which allows using it in building
envelope elements as effective thermal
insulation and load bearing material.
 Because it has basically zero water
absorption, it is one of the most durable
materials . With the current emphasis on
durability of high-performance concrete,it is
only natural to rely on extremely durable
ingredients.
Lightweight concrete made from glass granules is one of
the latest types of concrete made by incorporating the glass
granules into the cement paste matrix which could be used
as an insulation material with marginally low thermal
conductivity and the strength of concrete could vary due to
the chosen concrete mixture.
For a number of reasons, glass aggregate improves the
flow properties of fresh concrete so that very high strengths
can be obtained even without the use of superplasticizers.
The excellent hardness of glass gives the concrete an
abrasion resistance that can be reached only with few natural
stone aggregates or the addition of metallic fines
Strength development of mortar with WGS and FA.(FA refers to fluy ash) and
WGS to waste glass. Source “Waste glass sludge as a partial cement replacement
in mortar”

8. Economical advantages
The application of this type of concrete
in construction reduces building costs,
eases construction and contributes in a
big way into the process of introducing
‘green’ building materials in nowadays
civil engineering projects.
The amount of waste glass is gradually increased
over the years due to an ever-growing use of glass
products. Most of the waste glasses have been
dumped into landfill sites which are undesirable
because they are not biodegradable, which makes
them environmentally less friendly. Due to this there
is huge potential for using waste glass in the concrete
construction sector.
The use of recycled glass in concrete opens a vast
new market for mixed as well as color sorted broken
glass in a variety of specialty products or in local
concrete operations.
The aesthetic potential of color-sorted glass, not to
mention specialty glass, has barely been explored at
all and offers numerous novel applications.

9. Some experts argue that the cost of the
glass aggregates concrete is higher than the
expected or estimated cost. This is due to the
amount of work needed while the recycling
and incorporating glass into the concrete mix
which are not traditional methods and needs
some specific equipment.
This innovation can face difficulties
Time is an important and vital factor while building
a new project. This type of "green concrete" needs
more tasks in order to be incorporated and used
smoothly in a construction site. All this will increase
the period of preparation , execution and delivery of
the project.
The ASR (Alkali-Silica-Reaction) considered one of
the most aggressive types of "concrete pathology"
that can appear due to the use of glass
aggregates. The consequences of such a reaction can
lead to excessive deformations and loss in resistance
as well as durability and stability.

10. CONCLUSION
For many years, the concrete and civil engineering management industry has struggled with the
problem of finding and using a new type of concrete that can be given the name of "green
concrete". Recent research has made it possible to use glass as aggregate in
concrete, either in commodity products, with the only objective being to utilize as much glass as possible,
or in value-added products that make full use of the physical and aesthetic properties of color-sorted
crushed glass. The potential applications are still limited but it is expected that commercial
production of specialty glass concrete products will have a major impact on the future of the
civil engineering and construction industry. This innovation will lead to a big contribution to a more
environmental ecological system.

11. MIKE JABBOUR
Innovative Concrete Technology
mike.k.jabbour@gmail.com
http://fr.linkedin.com/in/mikejabbour
https://fr.linkedin.com/in/mikejabbour

12. • Z.Z. Ismail, E.A. Al-Hashmi. Recycling of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, Waste Management
(New York, N.Y.) 29 (2009) 655–659, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.012. 18848773.“
• Jani,Y , Hogland,W (September 2014). Waste Glass in the production of cement and concrete-A review. ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261103380
• Khatib,J, Negim,E-S (January 2012). Effect of Incorporating Foamed Glass on the Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams.
ARTICLE in WORLD APPLIED SCIENCES JOURNAL. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235913616
• Kim,J , Yi,C, Zi,G (January 2015). Waste glass sludge as a partial cement replacement in. ARTICLE in CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING
MATERIALS. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273775168.
• A. Shayan, Value-added utilization of waste glass in concrete, IABSE Symposium, Melbourne, 2002, pp. 1–11.
• S.B. Park, B.C. Lee, J.H. Kim, Studies on mechanical properties of concrete containing waste glass aggregate, Cement and Concrete
Research 34 (2004) 2181–2189, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.006.
• A. Shayan, A. Xu, Performance of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete: a field trial on concrete slabs, Cement and
Concrete Research 36 (2006) 457–468, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.012.
• R.G. Pike, D. Hubbard, Physicochemical studies of the destructive alkaliaggregate reaction in concrete, Journal of Research of the
National Bureau of Standards 59 (2) (1957) 127–132, http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.059.013.
BIBLIOGRAPHY