Chile

1. “The different role of the cultural
representations of the mountain in Spanish
Historical Nationalities: Catalonia,
the Basque Country and Galicia
Rubén C. Lois González
Valerià Paül Carril
Miguel Pazos Otón
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

2. Mountain: from the “fear” to the “joy of the
mountains”
Change of attitude and perception
Relation between mountain and nationalism
French Alpine Club (1903): Pour la montagne,
pour la Patrie

3. 3
INTRODUCTION
GALEUSCA
• Natural protected areas (NPA) are a key
issue in the current Land Planning, in
discourses, in administrative praxis, etc
• First case:Yellowstone (1872), in USA
• Multiplication of NPA: 113.000 NPA in the
World (2007), 80.000 in Europe (2008)

4. Protected areas in Europe (1895-2009). Source: European Environment Agency
<http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/atlas/viewdata/viewpub.asp?id=4355>
(Access: 12.10.2009).

5. 5
ORIGIN OF DISCOURSES NPAs
• In the World, the protection of Nature is due to
naturalist motivations
• Romantic ideas, Nationalisms, diffusion of hiking
and alpinism ⮊simbolic representations: patriotic,
identitarian, nationalisms
• In USA and new countries, NPA are a clear
example. New countries creating National Parks,
associated to several virtues (pure nature Vs
european colonization)

6. 6
• Spain: the meaning of “Historic Nationalies”
• The first National Park is born associated to the
mythic and simbolic building of the Spanish nation
• Madrid and Catalonia demand the creation of
National Parks
• When Catalonia gets the self-government,
creates the Catalonian National Landscapes
• The Basque Country: deep and patriotic meaning
of the mountain
• Galicia: escaping from the mountain

8. Caspar David Friedrich (1818)

10. Madrid and the Guadarrama

11. Catalonia

12. Catalonia

13. Renaixença: Oda a la Pàtria, de Aribau (1832)
Verdaguer: Canigó (Epic poem, 1885),
looking to the mountains
Centres excursionistes: refuges, catalonian
Geography
Nationalism and mountain: Pica d´Estats

14. Catalonia: la Vall de Núria

18. Montserrat

20. TOPOGRAFÍA

22. Canigó

24. Països Catalans:
Alguer

25. Alpinism and Catalonian Nationalism

26. The Basque Country

27. The Basque Country

28. The Basque Country

29. Aranzazu Sanctuary (Gipuzkoa)

30. Los Apóstoles, Jorge Oteiza. Aranzazu Sanctuary

31. Zirkuitua
2011

33. “Mountain is not a refuge or sexist or nationalist”

34. Galicia

39. LICs (Places of UE importance)

40. Natura Network 2000
Improvements in signals

41. 41

42. 42

43. Conclusions
- Importance of the mountain as a idealized space
- Mountain and formation of images and identities
- In Spain: 3 different Historic Nationalities
Role of the mountain in Catalonia and Basque Country
Vs
Role of the mountain in Galicia