2. Happy first day! How are you?
11%
11%
0%
78% A. I feel great! I’m ready!
B. I feel nervous.
C. I feel overwhelmed.
D. I feel blah.
3. Why are you taking this class?
A. Going into criminal
justice.
B. Going into social
service
(psychology, social
work, counseling)
C. I have personal
experience with
addiction
D. My advisor told me
to.
Going
into
crim
inaljustice.
Going
into
socialservice...
Ihave
personalexperien..
M
yadvisortold
m
eto.
11%
44%
11%
33%
4. Introductions
Fill out your answers to the questions.
Partner up with someone.
Discuss the first three questions.
Find someone new and discuss the
next three questions.
Find someone new and discuss the
last four questions.
In your last partnership, prepare to:
Introduce yourselves to the group.
Share one insight you had from discussing
the questions.
5. Which superpower would you like to have?
A. Invisibility
B. Power to heal
C. Ability to fly
D. Ability to read
minds
Invisibility
Pow
erto
heal
Abilityto
fly
Abilityto
read
m
inds
0%
30%
10%
60%
8. In this class, late homework:
10%
90%
0% A. Is penalized 10%
B. Gets a zero
C. Is turned in via Canvas
9. Michelle’s office hours are:
0%
100%
0%
0% A. 12:30-1:30 pm
B. 8:30-9:30 am
C. 11:30-12:30 am
D. Whenever she’s in
10. For class discussions:
A. I participate on
Canvas
B. I must do written
prep work and
participate
C. I participate during
class
Iparticipate
on
Canvas
Im
ustdo
w
ritten
prep
w
o..
Iparticipate
duringclass
0%
30%
70%
11. If 80% of the class gets a clicker question
right, each person earns an extra credit
point.
A. True
B. False
True
False
100%
0%
12. Definitions
We define a drug as any substance that alters
one’s ability to function emotionally, physically,
intellectually, financially, or socially
A psychoactive drug is a substance that has the
capability of altering mood, perception, or behavior
14. Which of these is not an example of drug
misuse?
A. Mixing drugs
B. Taking medication with
food
C. Taking double the
prescribed dose
D. Saving or using old
medications
M
ixingdrugs
Takingm
edication
w
ith
...
Takingdouble
the
prescr...
Savingorusingold
m
edic...
20%
10%
40%
30%
15. Definitions
Abuse
Intentional and
inappropriate use of a
drug resulting in
physical, emotional,
financial, social or
intellectual
consequences.
Socially Acceptable vs
Deviant
16. Which of these is NOT an example of drug
abuse?
A. Taking medication
in the morning
B. Crushing pills to
smoke them
C. Buying someone
else’s prescription
medication
D. Taking a drink in
the morning to
cure a hangover
Takingm
edication
in
th...
Crushingpillsto
sm
oke
...
Buyingsom
eone
else’spr...
Takinga
drink
in
the
m
o...
100%
0%0%0%
17. Definitions
Addiction/Dependency
Physical Dependence
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Psychological Dependence
Cravings
Preoccupation
OLD LANGUAGE
New: Substance Use Disorder (mild, moderate, severe)
18. Which of these is NOT a sign of
dependency?
100%
0%
0%
0% A. Tolerance
B. Withdrawal
C. Cravings
D. Drunkenness
19. Definitions
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
V
Substance Use Disorder
Mild
Moderate
Severe
20. A psychiatrist can diagnose someone with
addiction according to the DSM-5.
50%
50% A. True
B. False
21. Definitions
Any definition is limited and is influenced by one’s
experiences and background – and is arbitrary
25. The problem with the previous slide is:
A. There are no
statistics
B. It doesn’t say
where the info
came from
C. Correlation does
not equal
causation
D. All of the above
There
areno
statistics
Itdoesn’tsayw
herethe
...
Correlation
doesnotequ..Alloftheabove
40%
60%
0%0%
26. Alcohol
Beverages may have been fermented
intentionally as early as about 10,000
BC
Early Egyptians, Hebrews, Chinese,
Greek, and Romans were fond of
alcohol
Egyptians developed distillation,
which produces a higher alcohol
content than fermentation
The Irish, Scots, Dutch, Russians,
and French all developed
characteristic alcoholic beverages
27. Alcohol
Alcohol played a significant role in early US history:
Alcohol was used as a preservative
Yeast in beer and wine supplied important nutrients
Rum was a central commodity in the slave trade
Farmers made more money from whiskey than from grain
Excise tax on whiskey sparked the
Whiskey Rebellion
Temperance Movement developed
in the 1830s
1919: national prohibition legislation
went into effect; repealed in 1933
29. Marijuana
Marijuana has been cultivated for
its fiber since 8000 BC
Chinese Emperor Shen Nung
prescribed marijuana for many
aliments 4,700 years ago
Marijuana was used in India for
festive and religious purposes by
the 2nd century BC
Greeks, Romans, Persians and
Assyrians all used marijuana for
medical purposes
30. Marijuana
In the 13th century, Marco Polo
recounted how hashishiyya
terrorized people while under the
influence of hashish
Marijuana seeds and leaves dating
back to 500 BC were found near
Berlin, Germany
Napoleon’s troops returned to
France with hashish, and soon after
other Europeans began using
marijuana
31. Marijuana
Use of marijuana was noted in the
Americas in 1545
English settlers grew marijuana
(hemp) to make clothing, rope, linens,
and blankets
By the late 1800s numerous reports
detailed cannabis use for many medical
reasons
In the early 1900s, marijuana was used
primarily by Hispanics in the Southwest
and by Blacks in ghettos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbjHO
BJzhb0
32. Marijuana has been used in all of the
following ways except:
0%
0%
0%
0% A. Medical use
B. Religious use
C. To treat
depression
D. For its fibers
33. Narcotics
The term
narcotics is used
interchangeably
with the terms
opiates or
opioids
Opiate refers to
opium and the
derivatives of
opium
1500 BC:
Egyptians used
opium for medical
purposes
34. Narcotics
The Poppy Papavar
somniferum
A 6,000 year old
Sumerian tablet
referred to the
opium poppy as the
“joy plant”
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=r1md
n-5E-Ao
35. Narcotics - Opium
Opium was a staple in ancient Greece
and Rome
In the Arab world, opium was widely
used because the Koran forbids alcohol
use
Opium was the central factor in a war
between the Chinese and the British
governments
Medical uses of opium became
widespread in Europe in the 16th
century, when laudanum was
developed
36. Narcotics – Morphine & Heroin
In 1805, the active ingredient in opium was identified and
called morphine
During the Civil War, morphine dependency was so
common that it was called soldier’s disease
An estimated 1 million Americans
were dependent on morphine and
other narcotics by the end of the
19th century
In 1874 a “wonder drug” was
developed to relieve pain and treat
morphine dependency – it was called
heroin
37. Opium was once legal and readily available
over-the-counter.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
38. Which of these is a naturally occurring part
of the opium plant?
0%
0%
0%
0% A. Morphine
B. Codeine
C. Heroin
D. OxyContin
39. Cocaine
People were chewing coca
leaves prior to the rise of the
Incan Empire, as early as 3000 BC
The first verified use of coca has been traced to a
gravesite in Peru from around 500 AD
When Spaniards conquered the Incas, they realized
the importance of the coca leaves to the natives
In the 19th century, a French chemist developed a
popular red wine which included active ingredients
from coca leaves
40. Cocaine
Early proponents of cocaine
included Sigmund Freud,
Robert Louis Stevenson, and
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Originally, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, and was
promoted as a “Nerve Stimulant”
Cocaine became a popular recreational drug in the
1970s
Variations that were smoked emerged: first
freebase, then inexpensive crack cocaine
41. The earliest known use of cocaine was:
A. In Coca-Cola as a
“nerve stimulant”
B. In ancient Greece
in red wine
C. By smoking it
D. Chewing coca
leaves by the
Incas
In
Coca-Colaasa
“nerve...
In
ancientGreece
in
red
...
Bysm
oking
it
Chew
ingcocaleavesbyt..
0% 0%0%0%
42. Amphetamines
Amphetamines, first synthesized in 1887, enlarge
nasal passages, raise blood pressure, and stimulate
the CNS
During World War II, troops used amphetamines to
overcome fatigue and increase their endurance
Benzedrine was available over-the-counter in 1932
for treating asthma and nasal congestion
Methamphetamines appeared
in the 1960s
43. Amphetamines are:
A. Depressants
B. Pain killers
C. Stimulants
D. Hallucinogens
Depressants
Pain
killers
Stim
ulants
Hallucinogens
0% 0%0%0%
44. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Barbiturates
Barbituric acid, a class of drugs that have
depressant effects
Barbital, a sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat
anxiety and nervousness; the original barbiturate
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives
Bromides, sedatives used to treat epileptic convulsions
Chloral hydrate, induces sleep
Paraldehyde, used with severely disturbed mental
patients
45. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Minor tranquilizers, or
antianxiety agents
Meprobamate, also used for
treating psychosomatic conditions
Benzodiazepines such as
Librium and Valium
Inhalants
Solvents, gases, and aerosols
Nitrous oxide (lauhing gas)
Ether, developed for medical
purposes
46. Medical uses of depressants include all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Relieving anxiety
B. Inducing sleep
C. Increasing
attention
D. Controlling
seizures
Relievinganxiety
InducingsleepIncreasingattentionControllingseizures
0% 0%0%0%
47. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs - Inhalants
Inhalants are among
the first drugs used by
young children
Huffing
Sudden death
syndrome
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Avcz9Z1
ekcM
48. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that
induce perceived distortions in time and
space
LSD, derived from a fungus
Psilocybin, found in certain mushrooms
Peyote, contains mescaline isolated from cactus
Over 6000 plants can alter consciousness
LSD originated from ergot fungus,
which grows on grain, and causes
the condition ergotism
49. Hallucinogens:
A. Distort the senses
B. Are usually
derived from
plants
C. Have been used to
access the
unconscious in
therapy
D. Are thought to
enhance creativity
Distortthesenses
Are
usually
derived
from
...
Havebeen
used
to
access...
Are
thoughtto
enhance
...
0% 0%0%0%
Editor's Notes
1. Ten years ago, I thought drugs were . . .
2. Today, I think drugs are . . .
3. My perceptions of drugs are influenced by . . .
4. My parents’ view of drugs is . . .
5. A drug is harmful when . . .
6. My peers’ view of drugs is . . .
7. A drug is . . .
8. Drug misuse is . . .
9. Drug abuse is . . .
10. Drug use is considered socially deviant when . . .
Small group brainstorm
Drug
Any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical nature alters structure or function in a living organism
Psychoactive drug
A drug that specifically affects thoughts, emotions, or behavior
Illicit drug
A drug that is unlawful to possess or use
Deviant drug use
Drug use that is not common within a social group and is disapproved of by the majority
Drug misuse
Use of drugs or chemicals in greater amounts than prescribed by a doctor, or for purposes other than, those intended by the manufacturer
Drug abuse
Substance use in a manner, an amount, or in situations such that it causes social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems
Drug dependence
A more precise term than addiction
A state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently or consistently that it would be difficult for the person to stop
May be physiological and/or psychological
The elderly use more prescription and over-the-counter drugs than people in other age groups.
http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf
Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM–IV and DSM–5
DSM-V - Major Changes to Addictive Disease Classifications
2010 - Marchby Bob CurleyThe first draft of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) eliminates the disease categories for substance abuse and dependence and replaces it with a new “addictions and related disorders” -- just one of several major changes to the “Bible” used almost universally to diagnose (and get insurance reimbursement for) behavioral-health problems.
“Eliminating the category of dependence will better differentiate between the compulsive drug-seeking behavior of addiction and normal responses of tolerance and withdrawal that some patients experience when using prescribed medications that affect the central nervous system,” the APA explained in a Feb. 10 press release.
“The term dependence is misleading, because people confuse it with addiction, when in fact the tolerance and withdrawal patients experience are very normal responses to prescribed medications that affect the central nervous system,” said Charles O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D., chair of the APA’s DSM Substance-Related Disorders Work Group. “On the other hand, addiction is compulsive drug- seeking behavior which is quite different. We hope that this new classification will help end this wide-spread misunderstanding.”
The new category for addictive diseases would include a variety of “substance-use disorders” broken down by drug type, such as “cannabis-use disorder” and “alcohol-use disorder.” Diagnostic criteria for these disorders in DSM-V would remain “very similar” to those found in the current DSM-IV, according to APA. However, the symptom of “drug craving” would be added to the criteria, while a symptom that referred to “problems with law enforcement” would be eliminated “because of cultural considerations that make the criteria difficult to apply internationally,” APA said.
Also new to the DSM-V are diagnostic criteria for “cannabis withdrawal,” which the APA says is caused by “cessation of cannabis use that has been heavy and prolonged,” results in “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning,” and is characterized by at least three of these symptoms: irritability, anger or aggression; nervousness or anxiety; sleep difficulties (insomnia); decreased appetite or weight loss; restlessness; depressed mood; and or physical symptoms such as stomach pain, shakiness or tremors, sweating, fever, chills, and headache.
Battle Over ‘Addiction’ and ‘Dependence’
The APA has gone back and forth between use of the terms “addiction” and “dependence” to describe alcohol and other drug problems, noted researcher Stanton Peele, Ph.D. “Every book I’ve written has the word “addiction” in the title, so I’m glad the term will now be recognized,” wrote Peele in the Huffington Post on Feb. 11. “But the change back may make us wonder whether we will have to reconsider every twenty years or so whether it is more beneficial or harmful to use a word loaded with cultural meanings (“addiction”), or a more neutral term (“dependence”).”
In fact, “dependence” made it into the DSM-IV by just a single vote, O’Brien noted in a May 2006 editorial in the American Journal of Psychiatry co-authored by Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and T-K Li, M.D., then-head of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
“Experience over the past two decades has demonstrated that this decision was a serious mistake,” the trio wrote. “The term ‘dependence’ has traditionally been used to describe ‘physical dependence,’ which refers to the adaptations that result in withdrawal symptoms when drugs, such as alcohol and heroin, are discontinued. Physical dependence is also observed with certain psychoactive medications, such as antidepressants and beta-blockers. However, the adaptations associated with drug withdrawal are distinct from the adaptations that result in addiction, which refers to the loss of control over the intense urges to take the drug even at the expense of adverse consequences.”
B. Trends in Drug Use
1. The perceived risk decreases as drug use increases; as drug use decreases the perceived risk increases.
2. The perceived availability of marijuana has changed little over time and, therefore, does not appear to explain differences in rates of use.
3. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is a door-to-door survey estimating drug use in adolescents and adults in the United States.
4. Alcohol and cocaine use in 18- to 25-year-olds stays fairly consistent over time.
5. Drug use patterns seen in multiple surveys are most likely to be accurate.
6. Decreases or increases in drug use are not related to changes in government legislation, but are related to social trends.
Have Things Really Changed?
1. Humans have used psychoactive drugs for thousands of years for therapeutic and recreational purposes.
2. Drug use has affected society in many areas: religion, law, government, economics, language, and education.
This pledge card displays powerful and contrasting symbolism about temperance.
Opioids are synthetic opiates.
The poppy Papavar somniferum is the main source of nonsynthetic narcotics.
Caffeine is the number one drug of choice for many Americans.
Americans’ attitude concerning nitrous oxide was nonchalant in the first half of the 19th century.
Cigarette smoking is the single largest preventable cause mania, of illness and premature death in the United States.