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COMPONENTELE VALORII
NUTRITIVE
PIRAMIDA
ALIMENTELO
R
Un program
alimentar sanatos
presupune sanitate si
echilibru in ceea ce
priveste consumul de
alimente asa cum
rezulta din piramida
alimentelor.
Valoarea nutritiva a produselor
alimentare este data de
substantele nutritive (organice
si anorganice) pe care acestea
le furnizeaza organismului
uman, necesare pentru
desfasurarea proceselor
metabolice fundamentale.
Aceste substante cu rol diferit in
organism sunt:
-apa;
-substante minerale;
-glucide;
-lipide;
-protide (proteinele);
-vitamine;
-enzime.
Produsele alimentare pot
contine pe langa substantele
necesare organismului si
substante indiferente sau chiar
antinutritionale si daunatoare.
VALOAREA NUTRITIVA A
PRODUSELOR
ALIMENTARE
1. VALOAREA PSIHOSENZORIALA:
a. ORGANOLEPTICA:
-gust;
-miros;
-aroma;
-culoare;
-aspect.
b. ESTETICA
2. VALOAREA BIOLOGICA:
-continut in aminoacizi esentiali din proteine
de origine animala;
-continut in vitamine;
-continut in elemente.
3. VALOAREA IGIENICA
absenta/limitarea:
-substantelor antinutritionale;
-pesticidelor;
-microorganismelor;
-patogenee si saprofite;
-metalelor si metaloizilor toxici.
4. VALOAREA ENERGETICA:
-continut in glucide;
-continut in lipide;
-continut in protide.
Proportiile substantelor componente ale alimentelor difera pe grupe si subgrupe de produse si
uneori chiar de la un produs la altul.
In functie de modul in care ajung in produsele alimentare substantele din compozitia chimica a
acestora se clasifica astfel:
1. SUBSTANTE NATIVE
a. Anorganice:
-apa;
-saruri minerale;
-acizi anorganici.
b. Organice:
-glucide;
-lipide;
-protide;
-vitamine;
-acizi organici;
-uleiuri eterice;
-pigmenti;
-enzime, etc.
2. SUBSTANTE INCORPORATE
(ADAUGATE) SAU ADITIVI
ALIMENTARI
a. Substante tonifiante:
-hidrolizte proteice;
-aminoacizi esentiali;
-vitamine;
-saruri minerale.
b. Substante organoleptizante:
-coloranti;
-decoloranti;
-aromatizanti;
-amelioratori de gust;
-gelifianti.
c. Substante conservante:
-antiseptice;
-antioxidanti;
-neutralizanti;
-antibiotic.
3. SUBSTANTE ACCIDENTALE
a. Pesticide:
-erbicide;
-insecticide;
-fungicide.
b. Substante provenite din
ambalaje si utilaje:
-cupru;
-zinc;
-plumb;
-staniu;
-plastifiantu.
c. Substante radioactive;
-izotopi ai iodului, uraniului,
fosforului, etc.
d. Substante elaborate de
microorganism (toxine):
-toxine eliminate de Salmonella,
Escherichia coli, etc.
TEMA
1. SCRIETI 3 SURSE ALIMENTARE
DE:
- LIPIDE;
- GLUCIDE;
- PROTEINE.
2. SCRIETI DOUA SURSE ALIMENTARE IN CARE SE
GASESC:
- Vitamina A;
- Vitamina D;
- Vitamina E;
- Vitamina K;
- VITAMINA B1;
- VITAMINA B2;
- VITAMINA B6;
- VITAMINA B12;
- VITAMINA C.
BIBLIOGRAFIE
 C. Brumar, V. B. Dorin, M. Manolache, N. Negoianu, Calitatea in turism si alimentatie – manual pentru clasa a
IX-a, Editura CD Press, Bucuresti, 2018;
 T. Petre, G. Iordache, Calitatea in turism si alimentatie - manual pentru clasa a IX-a, Editura Cd Press,
Bucuresti, 2016.

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componentele_valorii_nutritive.pptx

  • 2. PIRAMIDA ALIMENTELO R Un program alimentar sanatos presupune sanitate si echilibru in ceea ce priveste consumul de alimente asa cum rezulta din piramida alimentelor.
  • 3. Valoarea nutritiva a produselor alimentare este data de substantele nutritive (organice si anorganice) pe care acestea le furnizeaza organismului uman, necesare pentru desfasurarea proceselor metabolice fundamentale. Aceste substante cu rol diferit in organism sunt: -apa; -substante minerale; -glucide; -lipide; -protide (proteinele); -vitamine; -enzime. Produsele alimentare pot contine pe langa substantele necesare organismului si substante indiferente sau chiar antinutritionale si daunatoare.
  • 4. VALOAREA NUTRITIVA A PRODUSELOR ALIMENTARE 1. VALOAREA PSIHOSENZORIALA: a. ORGANOLEPTICA: -gust; -miros; -aroma; -culoare; -aspect. b. ESTETICA 2. VALOAREA BIOLOGICA: -continut in aminoacizi esentiali din proteine de origine animala; -continut in vitamine; -continut in elemente. 3. VALOAREA IGIENICA absenta/limitarea: -substantelor antinutritionale; -pesticidelor; -microorganismelor; -patogenee si saprofite; -metalelor si metaloizilor toxici. 4. VALOAREA ENERGETICA: -continut in glucide; -continut in lipide; -continut in protide.
  • 5. Proportiile substantelor componente ale alimentelor difera pe grupe si subgrupe de produse si uneori chiar de la un produs la altul. In functie de modul in care ajung in produsele alimentare substantele din compozitia chimica a acestora se clasifica astfel:
  • 6. 1. SUBSTANTE NATIVE a. Anorganice: -apa; -saruri minerale; -acizi anorganici. b. Organice: -glucide; -lipide; -protide; -vitamine; -acizi organici; -uleiuri eterice; -pigmenti; -enzime, etc. 2. SUBSTANTE INCORPORATE (ADAUGATE) SAU ADITIVI ALIMENTARI a. Substante tonifiante: -hidrolizte proteice; -aminoacizi esentiali; -vitamine; -saruri minerale. b. Substante organoleptizante: -coloranti; -decoloranti; -aromatizanti; -amelioratori de gust; -gelifianti. c. Substante conservante: -antiseptice; -antioxidanti; -neutralizanti; -antibiotic. 3. SUBSTANTE ACCIDENTALE a. Pesticide: -erbicide; -insecticide; -fungicide. b. Substante provenite din ambalaje si utilaje: -cupru; -zinc; -plumb; -staniu; -plastifiantu. c. Substante radioactive; -izotopi ai iodului, uraniului, fosforului, etc. d. Substante elaborate de microorganism (toxine): -toxine eliminate de Salmonella, Escherichia coli, etc.
  • 7. TEMA 1. SCRIETI 3 SURSE ALIMENTARE DE: - LIPIDE; - GLUCIDE; - PROTEINE. 2. SCRIETI DOUA SURSE ALIMENTARE IN CARE SE GASESC: - Vitamina A; - Vitamina D; - Vitamina E; - Vitamina K; - VITAMINA B1; - VITAMINA B2; - VITAMINA B6; - VITAMINA B12; - VITAMINA C.
  • 8. BIBLIOGRAFIE  C. Brumar, V. B. Dorin, M. Manolache, N. Negoianu, Calitatea in turism si alimentatie – manual pentru clasa a IX-a, Editura CD Press, Bucuresti, 2018;  T. Petre, G. Iordache, Calitatea in turism si alimentatie - manual pentru clasa a IX-a, Editura Cd Press, Bucuresti, 2016.