This document summarizes Melissa Halk's research on the relationship between smartphone use of social media applications and technostress levels. The study used a survey to collect data from 87 participants primarily aged 18-24 on their usage of various social media apps and perceived technostress. The results found the top 3 apps associated with higher stress were Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram, while Periscope, Vine, and LinkedIn were associated with lower stress. Limitations included a convenience sample and need for a validated measurement tool for further research.

1. SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS
AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
MELISSA HALK — CM 401

2. MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
AGENDA
▸ Purpose of Research
▸ Literature Review
▸ Methods
▸ Findings

3. RESEARCH PROBLEM
▸ Social media fatigue, also known as technostress, is a ever-
growing phenomenon due to the increased tendency of
smartphone addiction
▸ in conjunction with people using more and more digital
applications and social media platforms
▸ Users are overwhelmed
▸ emotional health and overall wellbeing of the users
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

4. HYPOTHESIS
▸There is a direct relationship between
smartphone users’ technostress levels
and specific smartphone social media
applications used.
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

5. THEORIES
▸ This study is based on previous research
▸ there is a direct relationship between time spent on digital
platforms and higher stress levels
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

6. VARIABLES
▸ Independent: Smartphone
social media platforms
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
▸ Dependent: Technostress
levels

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
▸ Technostress has been defined as:
▸ ‘‘any negative impact on attitudes, thoughts, behaviors, or body
physiology that is caused either directly or indirectly by
technology’’ (Weil & Rosen, 1997, p. 5)
▸ The smart phone is the most used technology device
▸ “people feel the urge to adapt to it [the smartphone] in order to
‘keep up with the times’, overdependence on smartphone[s] may
lead to compulsive usage and enhance user technostress” (Lee,
Chang, Lin & Cheng, 2014)
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

8. LITERATURE REVIEW — CONTINUED
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
▸ Smartphones have replaced:
▸ cellphones
▸ personal computers
▸ other devices
(Samaha & Hawi, 2016)

9. LITERATURE REVIEW — CONTINUED
▸ According to a 2015 study conducted in the United States by the Pew
Research Center:
▸ 46% of smartphone users claimed “they could not live without” it in their lives
▸ 57% of smartphone users reported levels of distraction
▸ 36% reported continuous levels of frustration
(Smith, 2015)
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

10. LITERATURE REVIEW — CONTINUED
▸ Established relationship between higher amounts of technostress
and lower levels of happiness (Brooks, 2015).
▸ Outstanding stain on an individuals cognition can result in overload
(Osipow, Doty, & Spokane, 1985)
▸ Addiction risks to smartphones do NOT have a direct relationship to
the levels of an individual’s life satisfaction (Samaha & Hawi, 2016)
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

11. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN
▸ Qualitative
▸ Survey / Questionnaire
▸ Sent via email and other social media channels and text
messages
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

12. DATA COLLECTION
▸ Used Survey Monkey to collaborate numbers and bar
graphs with percentages
▸ Followed with Microsoft Excel for the Pie Chart
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

13. SAMPLE / POPULATION FRAME
▸ Convenience sample for participants
▸ Survey Monkey questionnaire shared via email and text message
link inviting participants to take
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

14. SAMPLE / POPULATION FRAME
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

15. SAMPLE / POPULATION FRAME
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
▸ Majority:
▸ 18 to 24 (47.13%)
▸ under 17 (22.99%)

16. SAMPLE / POPULATION FRAME
▸ Only one participant of the 87 did not use social media
applications on he or her smartphone
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

17. RESULTS ANALYSIS
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
▸ Top 3:
▸ Facebook
▸ Instagram
▸ Snapchat

18. RESULTS ANALYSIS
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

19. RESULTS ANALYSIS
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS

20. RESULTS ANALYSIS
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
21% Facebook
11% Twitter
18% Instagram
17% Youtube
5% Google+
19% Snapchat
<1% Periscope
2% Vine
3% LinkedIn
3% Other

21. RESULTS ANALYSIS
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
‣ Top three with the HIGHEST levels of Technostress:
21% Facebook
19% Snapchat
18% Instagram
‣ Top three with the LOWEST levels of Technostress:
<1% Periscope
2% Vine
3% LinkedIn

22. STUDY LIMITATIONS / FUTURE RESEARCH
▸ Limited representation of each smartphone social media
platform
▸ Convenience study sample
▸ Usage of SurveyMonkey and not a sophisticated software
application
▸ Need to do a repeated test
▸ Develop a clear measure to replicate future research
MELISSA HALK — SMARTPHONE TECHNOSTRESS AND SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS