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N. Laskaris
N. Laskaris
[ IEEE SP Magazine, May 2004 ]

              N. Laskaris,
                   S. Fotopoulos,
                        A. Ioannides




ENTER-2001
new tools
     for Mining Information from
multichannel encephalographic recordings

          & applications
What is Data Mining ?

                      How is it applied ?

                                              Why is it useful ?
What is the difficulty with single trials ?
                              How can Data Mining help ?

    Which are the algorithmic steps ?

                                 Is there a simple example ?

    Is there a more elaborate example ?

                                   What has been the gain ?
             Where one can learn more ?
What is Data Mining
               &
Knowledge Discovery in databases ?
Data Mining
    is “the data-driven discovery and
  modeling of hidden patterns in large
            volumes of data.”
    It is a multidisciplinary field,
borrowing and enhancing ideas from diverse areas such
as statistics, image understanding, mathematical
optimization, computer vision, and pattern recognition.


   It is the process of nontrivial extraction of implicit,
                                                 implicit
       previously unknown, and
potentially useful information from voluminous data.
                                                   data
How is it applied in the context of
         multichannel
encephalographic recordings ?
Studying Brain’s self-organization
by monitoring the dynamic pattern formation
         reflecting neural activity
3
            Why is it
a potentially valuable methodology
            for analyzing
   Event-Related recordings ?
-It blends everything
             The traditional
                                              happened during
             approach is based on
             identifying peaks
                                                 the recording
             in the averaged signal




                      The analysis of
         Event-Related Dynamics
               aims at understanding
the real-time processing of a stimulus
              performed in the cortex
                   and demands tools
  able to deal with Multi-Trial data
4

 What is the difficulty
      in analyzing
Single-Trial responses ?
At the single-trial level,
we are facing
Complex Spatiotemporal Dynamics
5
   How can Data Mining help
  to circumvent this complexity
            and reveal
the underlying brain mechanisms ?
directed queries are formed
               in the Single-Trial data
                     which are then summarized
using a very limited vocabulary
                          of information granules
that are easily understood,
accompanied by well-defined semantics
and help express relationships existing in the data
The information abstraction
       is usually accomplished
                    via clustering techniques


and followed by a proper visualization scheme
      that can readily spot interesting events
          and trends in the experimental data.
- Semantic Maps




            The Cartography of neural function
          results in a topographical representation
                     of response variation
             and enables the virtual navigation
             in the encephalographic database
6

        Which are
     the intermediate
    algorithmic steps ?
A Hybrid approach


Pattern Analysis
              & Graph Theory
Step_
the spatiotemporal dynamics are decomposed




        Design of the spatial filter used to extract
           the temporal patterns conveying
             the regional response dynamics
Step_
Pattern Analysis
of the extracted ST-patterns
                                                 Clustering &
                                              Vector Quantization
   Feature                Embedding
  extraction           in Feature Space
                                              Minimal Spanning Tree
                                                 of the codebook
   Interactive Study
  of pattern variability
                                Orderly presentation
                               of response variability
    MST-ordering
  of the code vectors
Step_
Within-group Analysis
of regional response dynamics




              -
Step_
Within-group Analysis
of multichannel single-trial signals
Step_
Within-group Analysis
of single-trial MFT-solutions
7

         Is there
    a simple example?



[ Laskaris & Ioannides, Clin. Neurophys., 2001 ]
120 trials,
                       binaural-stimulation
Repeated stimulation
                       [ 1kHz tones, 0.2s, 45 dB ],
                       ISI: 3sec, passive listening




                Task : to ‘‘explain’’
            the averaged M100-response
The M100-peak emerges from
the stimulus-induced phase-resetting
Phase reorganization
of the ongoing brain waves
8

         Is there
a more elaborate example?



         [ Laskaris et al., NeuroImage, 2003 ]
A study of
global firing patterns
Their relation
with localized sources
and ….
initiating events
240 trials, pattern reversal,
4.5 deg , ISI: 0.7 sec,
passive viewing




                                Single-Trial data
                                in unorganized format
Single-Trial data summarized
via ordered prototypes
reflecting the variability
of regional response dynamics
‘‘The ongoing activity
before the stimulus-onset
 is functionally coupled
   with the subsequent
    regional response’’
Polymodal Parietal Areas
BA5 & BA7
are the major sources
of the observed variability
Regional vs Local
response dynamics :


   There is relationship
          between
 N70m-response variability
        and activity
   in early visual areas.
9
  What has been the lesson,
           so far,
      from the analysis
of Event-Related Dynamics ?
The ‘‘dangerous’’
    equation
Where one can learn more
     about Mining Information
from encephalographic recordings ?

   //www.hbd.brain.riken.jp
      symposium: MEG in psychiatry
        (AUD4, Monday, 9.00 )
Laskaris@zeus.csd.auth.gr

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A Dual congress Psychiatry and the Neurosciences

  • 3. [ IEEE SP Magazine, May 2004 ] N. Laskaris, S. Fotopoulos, A. Ioannides ENTER-2001
  • 4. new tools for Mining Information from multichannel encephalographic recordings & applications
  • 5. What is Data Mining ? How is it applied ? Why is it useful ? What is the difficulty with single trials ? How can Data Mining help ? Which are the algorithmic steps ? Is there a simple example ? Is there a more elaborate example ? What has been the gain ? Where one can learn more ?
  • 6. What is Data Mining & Knowledge Discovery in databases ?
  • 7. Data Mining is “the data-driven discovery and modeling of hidden patterns in large volumes of data.” It is a multidisciplinary field, borrowing and enhancing ideas from diverse areas such as statistics, image understanding, mathematical optimization, computer vision, and pattern recognition. It is the process of nontrivial extraction of implicit, implicit previously unknown, and potentially useful information from voluminous data. data
  • 8. How is it applied in the context of multichannel encephalographic recordings ?
  • 9. Studying Brain’s self-organization by monitoring the dynamic pattern formation reflecting neural activity
  • 10. 3 Why is it a potentially valuable methodology for analyzing Event-Related recordings ?
  • 11. -It blends everything The traditional happened during approach is based on identifying peaks the recording in the averaged signal The analysis of Event-Related Dynamics aims at understanding the real-time processing of a stimulus performed in the cortex and demands tools able to deal with Multi-Trial data
  • 12. 4 What is the difficulty in analyzing Single-Trial responses ?
  • 13. At the single-trial level, we are facing Complex Spatiotemporal Dynamics
  • 14. 5 How can Data Mining help to circumvent this complexity and reveal the underlying brain mechanisms ?
  • 15. directed queries are formed in the Single-Trial data which are then summarized using a very limited vocabulary of information granules that are easily understood, accompanied by well-defined semantics and help express relationships existing in the data
  • 16. The information abstraction is usually accomplished via clustering techniques and followed by a proper visualization scheme that can readily spot interesting events and trends in the experimental data.
  • 17. - Semantic Maps The Cartography of neural function results in a topographical representation of response variation and enables the virtual navigation in the encephalographic database
  • 18. 6 Which are the intermediate algorithmic steps ?
  • 19. A Hybrid approach Pattern Analysis & Graph Theory
  • 20. Step_ the spatiotemporal dynamics are decomposed Design of the spatial filter used to extract the temporal patterns conveying the regional response dynamics
  • 21. Step_ Pattern Analysis of the extracted ST-patterns Clustering & Vector Quantization Feature Embedding extraction in Feature Space Minimal Spanning Tree of the codebook Interactive Study of pattern variability Orderly presentation of response variability MST-ordering of the code vectors
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 27. 7 Is there a simple example? [ Laskaris & Ioannides, Clin. Neurophys., 2001 ]
  • 28. 120 trials, binaural-stimulation Repeated stimulation [ 1kHz tones, 0.2s, 45 dB ], ISI: 3sec, passive listening Task : to ‘‘explain’’ the averaged M100-response
  • 29. The M100-peak emerges from the stimulus-induced phase-resetting
  • 30. Phase reorganization of the ongoing brain waves
  • 31. 8 Is there a more elaborate example? [ Laskaris et al., NeuroImage, 2003 ]
  • 32. A study of global firing patterns
  • 35. 240 trials, pattern reversal, 4.5 deg , ISI: 0.7 sec, passive viewing Single-Trial data in unorganized format
  • 36. Single-Trial data summarized via ordered prototypes reflecting the variability of regional response dynamics
  • 37. ‘‘The ongoing activity before the stimulus-onset is functionally coupled with the subsequent regional response’’
  • 38. Polymodal Parietal Areas BA5 & BA7 are the major sources of the observed variability
  • 39. Regional vs Local response dynamics : There is relationship between N70m-response variability and activity in early visual areas.
  • 40. 9 What has been the lesson, so far, from the analysis of Event-Related Dynamics ?
  • 42.
  • 43. Where one can learn more about Mining Information from encephalographic recordings ? //www.hbd.brain.riken.jp symposium: MEG in psychiatry (AUD4, Monday, 9.00 )