dsc

1. UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE MACHALA
ACADEMIC UNIT OF CHEMICAL
SCIENCES AND HEALTH
MEDICINE SCHOOL
ENGLISH
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL
PULMONARY DISEASE
STUDENTS
William Cruz
Kevin Herrera
Jorge Pacheco
Angie Chamba
Sonia Quijilema
TEACHER:
Mgs. Barreto Huilcapi Lina Maribel
CLASS:
EIGHTH SEMESTER ‘’A’’
Machala, El Oro
2018

2. Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Disease
Definition
Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (DILD) are a heterogeneous group of diseases with or
without a known cause that can affect a broad sector of the population with serious
consequences, both in terms of morbidity and mortality, requiring the use of significant
resources to achieve precise the etiological diagnosis. It is important to note that many
times patients who evolve with acute forms of DILD require advanced life support in
intensive care units (ICU), and in most cases the outcome is fatal. For this reason, before a
patient with acute respiratory failure, without apparent cause, together with a chest x-ray
with interstitial images, and who requires admission to an ICU, a premature diagnosis must
be obtained in order to predict the general prognosis. of the patient and offer adequate
treatment.

3. Etiology
More than 150 entities are known that can be grouped in DILD, although it is only possible
to identify the causative agent in approximately one third of the cases. According to the
consensus of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society,
three DILD groups are distinguished. The first group consists of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonias, that is, of unknown cause. The second group includes the DILD of known
cause or associated with other diseases, including those associated with collagen diseases,
caused by drugs, organic dust (extrinsic allergic alveolitis), inorganic dust
(pneumoconiosis) and those associated with hereditary diseases. The third group is formed
by a group of entities that, despite being idiopathic, have a well-defined clinical and
histological features.
Signs and symptoms
Respiratory distress is a main symptom of DILD. You may need to breathe faster or take
deep breaths:
 At the beginning, it is possible that the difficulty to breathe is not serious and only
notice when exercising, climbing stairs and other activities.
 Over time, it can occur with less strenuous activities, such as bathing or dressing,
and as the disease gets worse, even when eating or talking.
Most people with this condition also have a dry cough. Dry cough means you will not
expectorate any mucus or sputum.
Over time, there is also weight loss, fatigue and joint and muscle pain.
People with more advanced DILD may have:
 Abnormal enlargement of the base of the fingernails (hippocratic fingers)
 Blue color of the lips, skin or fingernails due to low levels of oxygen in the blood
(cyanosis)
 Symptoms of other diseases such as arthritis or difficulty swallowing (scleroderma),
associated with DILD.

4. Diagnosis
ou can hear dry, crackling breath sounds when listening to the chest with a stethoscope.
The following exams can be done:
 Blood tests to look for autoimmune diseases
 Bronchoscopy with or without biopsy
 Chest x-ray
 High resolution computed tomography of the chest
 Magnetic resonance of the thorax
 Echocardiography
 Open lung biopsy
 Measurement of the oxygen level in the blood at rest or when active
 Blood gas measurement
 Pulmonary function tests
 Six-minute walk test (check how far you can walk in 6 minutes and how many
times you have to stop to catch your breath)
People who are very exposed to the known causes of lung disease in the workplace are
usually routinely screened for lung diseases. These jobs include coal mining, sand polishing
and working on a ship.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and duration of the disease. Medications that suppress the
immune system and reduce swelling in the lungs are prescribed if an autoimmune disease is
causing the problem. For some people who have DILD, two medications that can be used to
delay the progress of the disease are pirfenidone and nintedanib. In case there is no specific
treatment for the condition, the therapy is aimed at making you more comfortable and
supporting lung function.
People with low levels of oxygen in the blood will receive oxygen therapy at home. A
respiratory therapist will help you prepare the oxygen. Families need to learn about the
proper safety and storage of oxygen.
Pulmonary rehabilitation can provide support and help you learn:
 Different methods of breathing

5.  How to organize the house to save energy
 How to consume enough calories and nutrients
 How to remain active and strong
Some people with advanced DILD may need a lung transplant.
Prevention
Cigarette, gastroesophageal reflux or certain genetic predisposition are considered as risk
factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with collagen diseases or those who
receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy or certain medications (such as amiodarone)
should have a pulmonary control, in order to prevent or early detect a DILD.
Bibliography
 American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society. International
multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 277-304.
 Demetds M, Wells AU, Antó JM, Costabel U, Hubbard R, Cullinan Pet al.
Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview. Eur Respir J 2001; 18
(Suppl 32): 2S-16S.
 Baumgartner KB, Samet JM, Stidley CA, Colby TV, Waldron JA. Cigarette
smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
1997; 155: 242-8.