history of great britain

1. Sumbula Ganjayeva
The history of Great Britain

2. Julius Caesar's
Invasions
Julius Caesar's Invasions were a pivotal point in ancient Roman history.
He invaded Britain twice, in 55 BC and 54 BC, in an attempt to expand
the empire's territory. These invasions were met with varying levels of
success and opposition from the native tribes. Caesar also famously
invaded Gaul (modern-day France) and defeated its various tribes,
ultimately expanding Rome's territories and solidifying his own power.
During his invasions, Caesar employed strategic warfare tactics,
including building fortifications, creating alliances with local tribes, and
using his armies' superior equipment and training to overcome his
enemies. He also faced challenges and setbacks, such as harsh weather
conditions, supply shortages, and low morale among his troops.
Despite facing opposition and hardship, Caesar emerged as one of the
most successful military leaders in Roman history. His invasions and
conquests greatly expanded the empire's territory and had a lasting
impact on the regions he conquered.

3. Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the period in Britain's history when the people were controlled by the Roman Empire. The
influence of the Roman empire has left a significant impact on Britain's culture, architecture and language.
**Roman Invasion**
In 43 AD, the Roman emperor Claudius sent four legions to Britain. They first conquered the southeastern parts of Britain and
gradually moved all over the country to gain control. The Romans built many forts, roads and settlements which helped them to
maintain control over the region.
**Roman Influence**
The Roman empire had a significant influence on Britain's culture. The Romans introduced new ideas and
technologies such as the hypocaust heating system, which was used to heat buildings, public baths and roads. They
also introduced the Latin language, which became the language of administration and governance.
**The Roman Legacy**
The legacy of the Romans is still visible in Britain. Some of the landmarks which were built by the Romans, such as
Hadrian's Wall, are still standing. Roman architecture has also greatly influenced British architecture, and many British
buildings have been built in the style of ancient Roman architecture.
The Roman period in Britain came to an end in the early 5th century AD, when the Roman soldiers left Britain to
defend the Roman Empire from external threats. The Roman influence is still carved in Britain's history, culture and
traditions.

4. The Norman Conquest
William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror was a powerful monarch who
played an important role in shaping the history of France
and England. Born in Falaise, Normandy, in 1028, William
was the illegitimate son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy.
Despite his illegitimacy, he became the Duke of Normandy
in 1035, at the age of just seven years old, after his father's
death.
Under William's leadership, Normandy became a
formidable power in Western Europe, and he went on to
conquer England in 1066, famously defeating King Harold
at the Battle of Hastings. This conquest marked the
beginning of the Norman Conquest of England, and
William went on to establish himself as King of England,
effectively merging the two realms.
Battle of Hastings
William the Conqueror of
Normandy invaded England and
defeated King Harold II of
England in the Battle of Hastings
on October 14, 1066. The battle
was fought near the town of
Hastings in Southern England. It
was a pivotal battle in English
history, as it marked the
beginning of Norman conquest of
England. The Battle lasted an
entire day, and it is estimated
that around 10,000 soldiers had
lost their lives.

5. The Tudor Dynasty ruled England from 1485 to 1603. It was one of the most iconic and
tumultuous periods in English history. The Tudors ushered in profound changes in
England's religious, social, and political order.
The dynasty was founded by Henry VII, who came to power after defeating Richard III in
the Battle of Bosworth Field. His reign was marked by consolidation of power and
economic growth. His son, Henry VIII, is perhaps the most well-known of the Tudors. He is
famous for his six wives, the creation of the Church of England, and his role in the English
Reformation.
Edward VI, Henry VIII's son, succeeded him at a young age and ruled as a Protestant king
until his death in 1553. His half-sister, Mary I, succeeded him and tried to return England to
Catholicism. Her reign was marked by bloodshed and persecution, earning her the
nickname 'Bloody Mary'. Her half-sister, Elizabeth I, succeeded her and brought stability
and prosperity to England. Her reign is often referred to as the 'Golden Age' of English
history.
Overall, the Tudor Dynasty left an indelible mark on English history. It was a time of great
change, conflict, and progress. The Tudor monarchs left behind a legacy that continues to
influence British society and culture to this day.
The Tudor Dynasty

6. The British Empire
The British Empire, one of the most powerful
empires in history, consisted of numerous
territories and countries spanning across the
globe. It began in the 16th century and grew to
its peak in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At
its height, it covered approximately 25% of the
world's land area and had a population of over
400 million people.
The British Empire was established through
a combination of exploration, trade, and
colonization. It was fueled by the desire for
resources such as gold, silver, and spices, as
well as a desire for power and influence.
The empire expanded through the conquest
and colonization of territories such as India,
Australia, Canada, and South Africa. It also
played a significant role in the slave trade,
trading enslaved Africans across the
Atlantic to the Americas, and profiting
greatly from their labor
In the end, the British Empire gradually began
to decline due to various factors such as the
rise of nationalism in colonial territories,
economic instability, and the cost of
maintaining a vast empire. The empire
officially came to an end with the granting of
independence to India in 1947, followed by
numerous other countries in the coming years.

7. Topic 3
Photo 3
Photo 2
Photo 1

8. The modern era of Great Britain is characterized by its innovation and advancements
in the fields of technology, culture, and politics. From the Industrial Revolution to the
present day, Great Britain has been at the forefront of global progress.
In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution transformed Great Britain into a
manufacturing powerhouse, revolutionizing the way people lived, worked, and
traveled. The steam engine, textile mills, and railroads were just a few of the
innovations that changed the course of history.
In the 20th century, Great Britain played a vital role in both World War I and II, with
its military and industrial contributions helping to secure victory for the Allies. The
post-war era saw the rise of the Welfare State, which aimed to provide social
protections and equal opportunities to all citizens.
Today, Great Britain continues to be a leader in culture and innovation. From its
influential fashion industry to its world-renowned universities and museums, the
country has a rich cultural heritage that continues to inspire and challenge people
around the world.
Overall, the modern era of Great Britain is defined by its contributions and influence
on the world stage. Its innovative spirit and cultural legacy continue to shape the
world we live in today.
The Modern Era

9. Thank You for
listening!