Definition of culture types of culture characteristics of culture elements of culture

1. UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE
SOCIETY
AND
POLITICS
CULTURE &
SOCIETY
Concept of Culture and Society

2. CULTURE
TODAY'S TOPICS
Definition
Classification
Elements
Characteristics

3. If you don't know history,
then you don't know anything.
Michael Crichton
ALWAYS
REMEMBER

4. CULTURE
Culture as a “‘that complex whole which
encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols,
knowledge, and everything that a person
learns and shares as a member of
society.” (E.B. Tylor 1920
[1871]).

5. CULTURE
A culture is a way of life of a group of
people--the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they accept, generally
without thinking about them, and that
are passed along by communication and
imitation from one generation to the
next

16. NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
MATERIAL
includes all material objects or those
components or elements of culture
with physical representation
There are components of
culture that are nontangible or
without physical
representation made by human
and shared in society
CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE

17. NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
MATERIAL
• Weapons
• Machines, gadgets
• Eating utensils
• Jewelry
• Art
• Hair styles
• Clothing
1. Cognitive culture
includes the ideas, concepts, philosophies,
designs, etc. that are products of the
mental or intellectual functioning and
reasoning of the human mind
2. Normative culture
includes al the expectations, standards
and rules for human behavior.
• language
• gestures
• values
• beliefs
• rules (norms)
• philosophies
• customs
• governments
• institutions

18. A. BELIEFS
Beliefs are conceptions or ideas people have about
what is true in the environment around them like
what is life, how to value it, and how one’s beliefs
on the value of life relate with his other
interaction with others and the world. These may
be based on common sense, folk wisdom, religion,
science, or a combination of all of these.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

19. B. VALUES
– shared ideas, right or wrong
– are a culture’s standard for discerning what
is good and just in society. Values are deeply
embedded and critical for transmitting and
teaching a culture’s beliefs
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

20. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
C. LANGUAGE
Language is a shared set of spoken and written
symbols. It is basic to communication and
transmission of culture. It is known as the
storehouse of culture.

21. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
D. TECHNOLOGY
Technology refers to the application of
knowledge and equipment to ease the task of
living and maintaining the environment. It
includes all artifacts, methods and devices
created and used by people

22. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
E. NORMS
Norms are specific
rules/standards to guide
appropriate behavior.
Societal norms are
different types and
norms.
TYPES OF NORMS
E.1. Proscriptive
Defines and tells us
things not to do
e.2 Prescriptive
Defines and tells us
things to do

23. FORM OF NORMS
E.2.1. FOLKWAYS
Also known as customs, these are norms for
everyday behavior that people follow for the
sake of tradition or convenience.
Folkways are norms that ordinary people
follow in everyday life.
Folkways are not strictly enforced

24. FOLKWAYS
EXAMPLE OF FOLKWAYS
PAGMAMANO
HARANA
PO AT OPO
PAMAMANHIKAN

25. FORM OF NORMS
E.2.2. MORES
These are strict norms that control moral
and ethical behavior. Mores are norms based
on definitions of right and wrong
Mores are norms are taken more seriously and
are strictly enforced. Considered as "essential
to our core values."

26. MORES
E.2.2. EXAMPLE OF MORES
 Talking to oneself in public is not considered a normal
behavior.
 Nudity in public is not acceptable in most areas.
 Picking one's nose in public is not an acceptable
behavior.
 Rising for the national anthem is an expected behavior.
 When dressing for a job interview in an
office, men should wear and a suit and tie.

27. FORM OF NORMS
E.2.3. TABOOS
These are norms that society holds so
strongly that violating it results in extreme
disgust. Often times the violator of the taboo is
considered unit to live in that society
Taboos are so
"strongly ingrained that even the thought of its
violation is greeted with disapproval, disgust or
hate."

28. TABOOS
E.2.3. EXAMPLE OF TABOOS
Abortion - terminating a pregnancy
Addiction - addiction to legal or illegal drugs,
including alcoholism
Adultery - sexual intercourse with someone other
than your spouse
Bestiality or Zoophilia - sexual relations between a
human and an animal
Cannibalism - a human being eating the flesh of
another human being

29. FORM OF NORMS
E.2.4. LAWS
These are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
written down and enforced by an official law
enforcement agency.
A law is a norm that is formally enacted by a
political authority. The power of the state
backs laws.

30. LAWS
E.2.4. EXAMPLE OF LAWS

31. IDEAL CULTURE VS REAL CULTURE
NORMS ARE GUIDELINES FOR
HUMAN BEHAVIOR. SANCTIONS ENCOURAGE
CONFORMITY TO NORMS. SANCTIONS ARE SOCIALLY
IMPOSED REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS IN SOCIETY
WHICH MAY BE FORMAL OR INFORMAL.

32. 1. Culture is Learned
2. Culture is Shared
3. Culture is Integrated
4. Culture is Adaptive and Dynamic
5. Culture is Abstract
6. Culture is Symbolic
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE