2. Philippine Politics and Governance– Grade 12
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Roles and Functions of Local Government Unit (LGU)
First Edition, 2020
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Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: Jan Faith E. Casildo
Editors: Amylyn F. Labasano
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena
Jinky B. Firman
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Aris B. Juanillo
Alma C. Cifra
Amelia S. Lacerna
4. 1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
5. 2
Let Us Learn
This material was designed and written with you in mind. It is here
to help you master the Roles and Functions of Local Government Unit
(LGU). The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The learners: (based on MELCs)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the roles and functions of local government unit (LGU).
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define local government unit (LGU); and
2. discuss the roles and functions of local government unit (LGU).
This module focuses on the topic The Politics, Governance and Key
Concepts, which will be your task for the whole week.
Let Us Try
From the list of positions below, you are to select and write on the
box, the positions under the Local Government Unit (LGU)
Senator Congressman Governor Mayor Brgy. Captain
Brgy. Kagawad SK Councilor Court Justice
Fantastic job! You have prior knowledge about the LGU!
6. 3
Let Us Study
Looking Back
Before the Spanish colonization in the 16th century, people used to live
in independent villages called barangays who had datus to rule them. When
the Spanish arrived, they founded small towns called poblaciones. New
villages arose called barrios under the Spanish and were further subdivided
into smaller units called sitios. Subdividing society in small parts may have
been proven effective since these elements from both the indigenous and
Spanish settlement remained until the 21st century (Cullinane,2020).
The Philippines is administratively divided into several provinces
grouped into regions to which both the National Capital Region (NCR) and
the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) have special status.
According to the data obtained from the official gazette, the Local
Government Unit (LGU) oversee local governance in 81 provinces headed by
the governors, 144 cities, 1,490 municipalities, and 42,028 barangays. The
barangays serve as the basic units of government consist of communities
that fall within the boundaries of a larger municipality or city. Cities,
municipalities, and barangays elect officials to govern them.
What is an LGU?
The Local Government Unit is a state or nation’s political subdivision
constituted by law and has substantial control affairs with elected officials
or otherwise locally selected which is in accordance to Republic Act 7160 or
otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991 (Rivas & Nael,
2010). It has two branches, legislative and executive.
Under the executive branch are the governor for the provinces, mayor
for the cities and municipalities, barangay captains for the barangays, and
regional governor for the ARMM.
For the legislative branch under Section 48, the local legislative power
is exercised by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for the province, Sangguniang
Panlungsod for the city, Sangguniang Bayan for the municipality, and
Sangguniang Barangay for the barangay to which the vice-governor, city vice
mayor, municipal vice mayor, and punong barangay act as presiding officers
respectively.
7. 4
LGU’s Roles and Functions
As stated in Section 15 of Republic Act 7160, the Local Government
Unit has political and corporate nature which is endowed with powers
conforming with the law. Its dual role means that as a political subdivision,
it will enforce its power accordingly with the national government with
concerns such as health, safety, education, and the likes, promoting the
public welfare. Pertaining to its corporate nature, it will act as representative
of the community or the inhabitants of its territory on dealing with local
affairs.
Furthermore, stipulated in Section 16, the LGU, within its territorial
jurisdiction promote the general welfare such as the “preservation and
enrichment of culture, promote health and safety, enhance the right of the
people to a balanced ecology, encourage and support the development of
appropriate and self-reliant scientific and technological capabilities, improve
public morals, enhance economic prosperity and social justice, promote full
employment among their residents, maintain peace and order, and preserve
the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants.”
Pursuant to Section 17, the LGU must strive to be self-reliant and
continue exercising the powers and doing the duties and responsibilities
given to them to effectively and efficiently provide the basic services and
facilities required.
(b) “The basic services include but are not limited to:
(1) For a Barangay:
⚫ Agricultural support
⚫ Health and Social Welfare Services
⚫ General hygiene and sanitation services and facilities
⚫ Maintenance of Katarungang Pambarangay
⚫ Maintenance of Barangay roads and bridges and water supply
systems
⚫ Infrastructure facilities
⚫ Information and reading center
⚫ Satellite or public market, where viable
(2) For a Municipality
⚫ Extension and on-site research facilities related to agriculture
and fishery activities
⚫ Implementation of community-based forestry projects
⚫ Health services
⚫ Social welfare services
⚫ Information services
8. 5
⚫ Solid waste disposal system or environmental management
system
⚫ Municipal buildings, cultural centers, public parks,
playgrounds, and sports facilities and equipment, and other
similar facilities
⚫ Infrastructure facilities intended primarily to service the needs
of the residents of the municipality and which are funded out of
municipal funds
⚫ Public markets, slaughterhouses, and other municipal
enterprises
⚫ Public cemetery
⚫ Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions
⚫ Sites for police and fire stations and substations and the
municipal jail
(3) For a Province
⚫ Agricultural extension and on-site research services and
facilities
⚫ Industrial research and development services
⚫ Enforcement of forestry laws
⚫ Health services which include hospitals and other tertiary
health services
⚫ Social welfare services which include programs and projects on
rebel returnees and evacuees; relief operations, and population
development services
⚫ Provincial buildings, provincial jails, freedom parks, and other
public assembly areas, and other similar facilities.
⚫ Infrastructure facilities intended to service the needs of the
residents of the province and which are funded out of provincial
funds
⚫ Programs and projects for low-cost housing and other dwellings
except those funded by the SSS, GSIS and the Home
Development Mutual Fund (HDMF)
⚫ Investment support services
⚫ Upgrading and modernization of tax information and collection
services
⚫ Inter-municipal telecommunications services
⚫ Tourism development and promotion programs
(4) For a City
All the services and facilities of the municipality and province, and in
addition thereto, the following:
⚫ Adequate communication and transportation facilities
⚫ Support for education, police and fire services and facilities.
9. 6
Part of the given power to the LGU is its power to generate and apply
resources specified in Section 18. This allows the LGU to “establish an
organization responsible for the efficient and effective implementation of
their development plans, program objectives and priorities”. This grants
them in creating their own sources of revenue which is to be used for and by
the inhabitants.
Although LGUs may be self-reliant and “enjoys local autonomy”, the
Philippine President exercises general supervision among them and they are
under the control and supervision of the Department of Interior and Local
Government or DILG.
Let Us Practice
Listed are the basic services and facilities required from the different Local
Government Units. You are to correctly categorize them by levels of local
government according to what is stated in Section 17 of RA 7160. Write the
corresponding letter only.
Barangay Municipality Province City
A. Agricultural support
B. Implementation of community-based forestry projects
C. Social welfare services which include programs and projects on rebel
returnees and evacuees; relief operations, and population development
services
D. Programs and projects for low-cost housing and other dwellings except
those funded by the SSS, GSIS and the Home Development Mutual Fund
(HDMF)
E. Maintenance of Katarungang Pambarangay
F. Adequate communication and transportation facilities
G. Public markets, slaughterhouses, and other municipal enterprises
H. Maintenance of Barangay roads and bridges and water supply systems
I. Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions
J. Support for education, police and fire services and facilities.
10. 7
Let Us Practice More
Directions: On a separate paper, list at least 2 differences and 2
similarities of roles and functions of the different levels of the Local
Government Units following the Venn Diagram below.
Let Us Remember
• The Local Government Unit (LGU) is a state or nation’s political
subdivision constituted by law and has substantial control affairs
with elected officials or otherwise locally selected which is in
accordance to Republic Act 7160 or otherwise known as the Local
Government Code of 1991
• It has two branches: executive and legislative.
• The Executive branch is composed of the governor for the
provinces, mayor for the cities and municipalities, barangay
captains for the barangays, and regional governor for the ARMM.
• Under Section 48, the local legislative power is exercised by the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan for the province, Sangguniang
Barangay
City
City
Municipality
11. 8
Panlungsod for the city, Sangguniang Bayan for the municipality,
and Sangguniang Barangay for the barangay to which the vice-
governor, city vice mayor, municipal vice mayor, and punong
barangay act as presiding officers respectively.
• It has political and corporate nature which is endowed with powers
conforming with the law.
Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Before the Spanish arrived in the country, people already lived in
independent villages called ___________.
A. Barangay B. Barrio C. Purok D. Sitio
2. How many barangays are currently overseen by the LGUs?
A. 42, 008 B. 42,018 C. 42,028 D. 42,038
3. The Local Government Code of 1991 is known as _____________.
A. RA 7210 B. RA 7160 C. RA 7116 D. RA 7216
4. What are the two branches of the Local Government?
A. Executive and Judiciary B. Judiciary and Legislative
C. Legislative and Executive D. Legislative and Parliamentary
5. Who exercises the legislative power for the municipality?
A. Sangguniang Bayan B. Sangguniang Barangay
C. Sangguniang Panlungsod D. Sangguniang Panlalawigan
6. Who is the head of the executive branch in the ARMM?
A. Mayor B. Governor
C. Regional governor D. Barangay captains
7. Who is the presiding officer of the Sangguniang Bayan?
A. Vice-governor B. City vice mayor
C. Punong barangay D. Municipal vice mayor
8. Under which section of RA 7160 allows the LGU to “establish an
organization responsible for the efficient and effective implementation
of their development plans, program objectives and priorities”?
A. Sec 15 B. Sec 16 C. Sec 17 D. Sec 18
12. 9
9. Which of the following regions is given special status?
A. Region XI B. ARMM C. CAR D. Mimaropa
10. Which level of the local government must provide adequate
communication and transportation facilities?
A. City B. Province C. Barangay D. Municipality
11. Which of the following is NOT part of the barangay’s responsibility to
provide?
A. Information and reading center
B. Satellite or public market, where viable
C. Maintenance of Katarungang Pambarangay
D. Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions
12. What department controls and oversees the Local Government Units?
A. DPWH B. DSWD C. DILG D. DAR
13. What are the two natures of LGU stated in section 15 of RA 7160?
A. Political and Social B. Corporate and Political
C. Proprietary and Political D. Corporate and Proprietary
14. Which of the statements is true about the LGU?
A. It enjoys local autonomy
B. It has two branches, legislative and judiciary.
C. It has political and social nature which is endowed with powers
conforming with the law.
D. It is a state or nation’s political subdivision constituted by law and
never has substantial control affairs
15. Who has general supervision among the LGUs?
A. Congress B. President C. Senate D. Supreme Court
Let Us Enhance
Being a responsible member of the society, we must be aware and keen to
our surroundings especially if it involves the welfare of all. Provide data to
the following table in accordance to your knowledge of your Barangay’s
provisions.
Note: There is no need to roam around the barangay, just answer to the
best of your knowledge and awareness.
13. 10
Does your Barangay provide: Yes No If yes, cite example or
evidence.
Agricultural support
Health and Social Welfare
Services
General hygiene and sanitation
services and facilities
Maintenance of Katarungang
Pambarangay
Maintenance of Barangay roads
and bridges and water supply
systems
Infrastructure facilities
Information and reading center
Satellite or public market, where
viable
Let Us Reflect
Based on the data you have provided, what is your feedback to your
barangay? (Five sentences only)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
As member of your barangay, what can you do to help the LGU
strengthen and better enforce their roles and functions? (Five sentences
only)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14. 11
Answer key to Activities
Let
us
try
Governor
Mayor
Brgy.
Capt.
Brgy.
Kgwd.
SK
Councilor
Let
us
Practice
Barangay
Municipality
Province
City
(a)
(e
)
(h)
(b)
(i)
(g)
(c
)
(d)
(f)
(j)
Let
us
Enhance
(Answers
may
vary.)
Let
us
Practice
More
(Answers
may
vary.)
Let
us
reflect
(Answers
may
vary.)
Let
us
Assess
1.
A
2.
C
3.
B
4.
C
5.
A
6.
C
7.
D
8.
D
9.
B
10.
A
11.
D
12.
C
13.
B
14.
A
15.
B
15. 12
Rubric for Checking Essay
4 3 2 1
Focus Point made
strongly with
evident
awareness of
the topic
Point made
with evident
awareness of
the topic
Point made
but with no
evidence of
awareness of
the topic
There was no
point made
related to the
topic
Content Relevant,
specific and
illustrative
content
Sufficiently
developed
content
Limited
Content
No apparent
effort made for
the content
Organization Flawlessly
sophisticated
arrangement
with subtle
transition of
ideas
Good
arrangement
of ideas
Inconsistent
arrangement
of ideas
No sense of
direction of
ideas
Grammar No errors Few errors Some errors A lot of errors
Technicality Exactly 5
sentences
More than 5
sentences
3 to sentences 0-2 sentences
16. 13
References
Cullinane, M. et al. (2020). Philippines. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines
Rivas, D. & Nael, M. (2010). Politics, governance, and the Philippine constitution. Rex
Bookstore.
The Local Government Code of the Philippines
17. 14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Davao City Division
Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur
Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672
E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph
