1. HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamü Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı
Kamu Yönetimi Bilim Dalı
Ders: Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri ve Kamu Yönetimi
E-KTP PROGRAM IN INDONESIA
Hazırlayan:
AKMAL KHAIRI
N12123144
ANKARA
Aralık, 2012

2. CONTENTS
CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………………… 1
I. PREFACE.................................................................................................................... 2
II. PROFILE OF INDONESIA………………………………………………….……... 3
2.1. Data and Fact……………………………………………………….….… 3
2.2. Governments Level………………………………………………….….... 4
III. E-KTP PROGRAM………………............................................................................. 7
3.1. Function and Format of E-KTP..................................................................... 7
3.2. Making Procedures of E-KTP........................................................................ 8
3.3. Practice and Problems.................................................................................... 9
3.4. Analysis of E-KTP Program………………………………………………... 10
IV. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….. 14
RESOURCES...................................................................................................................... 15
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3. I. PREFACE
In Indonesia languages, "KTP" is short for "Kartu Tanda Penduduk" (identity card).
Electronic-KTP (e-KTP) is a national identity card that was made electronically, in terms of
both the physical and use computerized function. E-KTP program was launched by the
Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Indonesia in February 2011. Observance is divided
into two phases, the first phase, started in February 2011 – April 2012 that covering 67
million people in 2348 districts and 197 regency/cities. The second phase, covers 105 million
people spread over 300 regency/cities others in Indonesia. Overall, at the end of 2012, is
targeted at least 172 million people already have an e-KTP card.1
E-KTP program is the big most e-government projects that ever undertaken by the
government of Indonesia. The program was implemented nationally with budget around IRP
6.3 trillion (US$ 653 million).2 Previously, projects of e-government has made, but only
applies at the local level, like as one stop services and one roof services programs in local
governments.
The e-KTP program has intends to change conventional ID card system in Indonesia
which allows one to have more than one ID. This is due to the lack of a unified database that
collects population data from all over Indonesia. E-KTP can close opportunities to skew with
reduplicate his ID card. For example it can be used for: avoiding tax, making fake passports,
secures corruption, hiding the identities (such as terrorists). Therefore, driven by the
implementation of e-government as well as to improve the quality of service to the
community, the Interior Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia to implement a population
information system which based on the technology namely e-KTP card.
1
http://www.e-ktp.com
2
http://www.antaranews.com/berita/1305026130/anggota-dpr-minta-anggaran-e-ktp-ditinjau-ulang
2

4. II. PROFILE OF INDONESIA
2.1. Data and Fact
Republic of Indonesia that was built in August, 17, 1945 is a country in Southeast
Asia. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president, and It has 33
provinces. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua
New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore,
Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Indonesia is a member of the G-20 major economies and the world's sixteenth largest by GDP
US$ 847 billion (2011) 3.
Picture 1
Map of Indonesia
Source: http://www.google.com/imgres
Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,487 islands.4 Besides of
many islands, Indonesia has over 241 million people (2011),5 and is the world's fourth most
populous country. The people consists of 1,128 ethnic6 and more 746 linguistic groups7 (10%
3
http://www.worldbank.org/in/country/indonesia
4
http://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/260537-indonesia-daftarkan-13-487-pulau-ke-pbb
5
http://www.riauterkini.com/sosial.php?arr=44150
6
http://www.jpnn.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=57455
7
http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/10/22/22260274/depdiknas.terbitkan.peta.bahasa
3

5. of the number of languages in the world) that widespread in Indonesian Islands. Government
recognized four religions, as: Islam 85.1%, Christian (Protestant and Catholic) 12.7%, Hindu
1.8%, and Buddhism 0.4%.8 Despite its large population and densely populated regions,
Indonesia has large areas (1,904,569 km2)9 that support the world's second highest level of
biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread.
2.2. Government Level
Indonesia is a unitary state with a presidential system that give autonomy to local
government. Local governments consist of:10
1. Province
A province is headed by a governor. Each province has its own legislative body.
Governors and representative members are elected by popular vote for 5-year term.
Indonesia is divided into 33 provinces that carry out the principle of deconcentration
and decentralization. Five provinces have special status:
 Province of Yogyakarta Special Region, Royal of Yogyakarta Sultans is de facto
governor of Yogyakarta since the Republic of Indonesia was built until now. In this
province governor not was elected, but held by The Sultan hereditarily.
 Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam has greater role in local government, which
includes its own Islamic Sharia law (for Muslim citizens), and decisions or laws
made by the central government which directly affect Aceh's administration must be
referred to the local government or local legislative body.
 Province of Papua, since 2001 local government has a greater role, including was
given specific autonomy fund and the governor is from Papuan origins.
8
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_di_Indonesia
9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia
10
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia
4

6.  Province of West Papua, has the same status as Papua
 Province of Jakarta is Special Capital Region, because it is the capital city of
Indonesia. The Governor of Jakarta has the power to appoint and dismiss mayors
and regent within the Jakarta Special Capital Region. The local government is
allowed cooperate with other cities from other countries.
2. Regency and City
Regency (Kabupaten) and City (Kota) is a local level of government beneath that of
province, however they enjoy greater decentralization affairs than province does, such
as provide public schools and public health facilities. Indonesia has 399 Regency and
98 City. Both regency and city are the same level, having their own local government
and legislative body. The difference between a Regency and a City lies in differing
demographics, size and economics. Generally the regency has larger area than city, and
city has a non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent
(Bupati), and a city is headed by a mayor (Walikota). Regent or mayor and member of
representatives are elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years. Each regency or city is
divided into Districts (Kecamantan).
3. District
A District (Kecamatan) is an area within a regency or city, totally Indonesia has 6589
kecamatan. The head of a District is known as a "Camat". Camats are civil servants,
responsible to the regent (for regency) or to the mayor (for city). In Papua Province and
West Papua Province, this administrative level is translated as "Distrik", and is headed
by a "Head of District" (Kepala Distrik). Each district is divided into village (desa or
kelurahan). In Aceh Province, a Mukim is a subdivision of a district. A mukim contains
some villages (Gampong).
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7. 4. Village
The Village level was consist of the “Desa” or “Kelurahan”. Both Desa and Kelurahan
are the area within sa district, however Desa enjoys greater local matters than
Kelurahan does not. Though Desa and Kelurahan are part of a district, a Kelurahan has
less power than a Desa. A Kelurahan is headed by a "Lurah". Lurahs are civil servants,
directly responsible to their Camat. A Kelurahan is part of Regency/City government
bureaucracy. In Indonesian, as in English, village (desa) has rural connotations, in the
context of Indonesian Government Administration, a Desa can be defined as a body
which has authority over the local people in accordance with acknowledged local
traditions of the area. Desa is headed by "Head of Desa" (Kepala Desa), who is elected
by popular vote. Most Indonesian villages use the term "desa". In some places,
however, there are many other terms used, i.e.:
 Gampong in Aceh
 Nagari in West Sumatra
 Dusun in Bungo Regency (Jambi)
 Kampung in some places in Indonesia
 Pekon in Pringsewu, Tanggamus, and West Lampung Regencies (Lampung)
 In Bali, there are two forms of "desa", i.e. desa dinas (service village) and desa adat
(cultural village). Desa dinas deals with administrative functions, while desa adat
deals with religious and cultural functions.
 Lembang in Toraja and North Toraja Regencies (South Sulawesi)
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8. III. E-KTP PROGRAM
3.1. Function and Format of E-KTP
E-KTP has some functions, that is:
a) As a self identity
b) Nationwide, so no need to create a local ID card for a permit, opening a bank account,
etc.
c) Preventing multiple ID cards and ID forgery
d) The creation of accurate population data to support development programs.
Forms of e-KTP cards in accordance with ISO 7810 with a credit card-sized format that is
53.98 mm x 85.60 mm. It structure consists of nine layers will increase the security from the
conventional ID card. Chip planted between white and transparent plastic layer on the top
two. The chip has an antenna in it that would create waves when swiped. This Wave will be
identified by the e-ID card detection device that can be known whether the ID is in the hands
of the right person or not. To create the e-ID card with nine layers, the stage of manufacture
quite a lot, including:
1) Hole punching,
2) Pick and pressure,
3) Implanter,
4) Printing,
5) Spot welding,
6) Laminating.
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9. Picture 1
e-KTP Sample
Source: http://www.e-ktp.com
E-KTP also has advantages over ordinary ID card, including: Identification of a single
identity, can not be forged, it can not be duplicated, can be used as a sound card in the
election or elections (e-voting). e-KTP cards in Indonesia is more comprehensive as it is
equipped with a biometric or fingerprint recording and chips. Fingerprints shall be recorded
from any e-ID card is all fingers (of ten), but the data that is included in the chip only two
fingers, the thumb and forefinger of the right.
3.2. Making Procedures of E-KTP
 Applicant (aged over 17 years) to come to the place of service to bring a summons
 Applicants go to the specified window
 Officers conducted the verification of data with database
 Officers took photos applicant directly
 Applicant to signature on the recorder signature
 Further recording fingerprints and retina scan
 Officer affixing signature and stamp on the summons as well as evidence that the
population has done recording photos, signatures and fingerprints
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10.  Applicants are welcome to go home to await the results of the process of printing 2
weeks after creation.
3.3. Practice and Problems
Application of e-KTP is a mandate of the Act (Act) No. 23 of 2006 and a series of
other regulations such as the regulations of Law No. 35 of 2010 which states the rules of
procedure and the technical implementation of e-KTP cards equipped with fingerprint and
chip. This program in Indonesia has been started since 2009 with the appointment of four
cities as pilot projects. The city is the Padang, Makassar, Yogyakarta and Denpasar. While
the implementation of e-KTP project started in February 2011 – April 2012 that covering 67
million people in 2348 districts and 197 regency/cities. May - end of 2012 The second phase
covers 105 million people spread over 300 regency/cities others in Indonesia. Overall, was
targeted at least 172 million people already have an e-KTP card. Recording e-KTP has
reached the target in November 2012, but only 89 million (51,7%) that was distributed. 11 So
e-KTP project can’t finish in 2012, or this is not according with previous plan.
Implementation of e-KTP program smoothly only in major cities, but in remote areas
has some problems. The main problem is the geographic area of Indonesia (Islands) is very
spacious and minimal infrastructure. Not all areas have electricity and personnel that capable
of using IT equipment properly, so many broken equipment. Moreover, great variety of
ethnic, religion, cultural and linguistic population also complicates the implementation of the
program. This is not only happened in the e-KTP program but also in other government
programs. With all these problems, the implementation of e-KTP project in Indonesia took a
long time, about 2 years.
11
http//nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/11/08/1505254/perekaman.E-KTP.Mencapai.
9

11. 3.4. Analysis of E-KTP Program
E-KTP project is part of the e-government program in an effort to reform the
bureaucracy in Indonesia. This is a basic program that will be the foundation for further
reform. Mete Yıldız make Subcategories of e-government as:12
Subcategories of e-Government
Parties of Content Dominant Definition Example
communication characteristic
Government to Government Communication, e-administration Establishing and
Government information coordination, using a common
and services standardization of data warehouse
information and
services
Government to Communication, e-government Government
Citizen transparency, organization
accountability, web sites, e-mail
effectiveness, communication
efficiency, between the
standardization of citizens and
information and government
services, officials
productivity
Government to Communication, e-government, Posting
Business collaboration, e-commerce, e- government bids
commerce collaboration on the web, e-
procurement, e-
partnerships
Government to Communication, e-governance Electronic
Civil society coordination, communication
Organizations transparency, and coordination
accountability efforts after
disaster
Citizen to Communication, e-governance Electronic
Citizen coordination, discussion
transparency, groups on civic
accountability, issues
grass roots
organization
12
Mete Yıldız, e-Government Research: Reviewing the literature, limitations, and ways forward, Government
Information Quarterly (2007)
10

12. E-KTP project is at the level of the two as part of the Government to Citizen and is defined as
the e-government. This function is Communication, transparency, accountability,
effectiveness, efficiency, standardization of information and services, productivity. The next
plan, e-KTP will be developed as a tool for e-Voting and e-Health.
According to Mete Yıldız,13 There is a problem about the explanatory power of much
research in the e-government literature. even the definition of the concept of e-government is
elusive and it is ever-changing depending on the rapid change of technology itself and wide
array of government applications and all the public policy issues these technologies can be
applied upon. E-government research has four big question, that is:
1) How can e-government studies be better connected to and grounded in the mainstream
public administration research?
E-government studies research is so far dominated by a technical focus, and shaped
by economic and administrative values. Therefore, e-government studies should be better
connected to and grounded in the mainstream public administration research. Furthermore, e-
government research must more focus on macro-level public administration themes. As
macro-level themes, e-government studies should most importantly focus on the role e-
government in government reform and ICT-enabled institution creation and change
government.
E-KTP is an attempt to reform the system of government in Indonesia. Previously,
Indonesia using conventional ID card which has some limitations, such as:
 Do not store complete data
 Irregular ID number (can’t be the benchmark census)
 People have to make a lot of identity as a birth certificate, family card and ID card
13
Mete Yıldız, Big Questions of E-government Research, Information Polity (2012)
11

13.  To make driving licenses and other permits, that only be used in the local province.
E-KTP can solve these problems and make the government more effective and efficient. So
far, the government has difficulties to run its programs because there is no certainty of the
data population, so many programs that are not well targeted and wasteful budget. Beside of,
as a democracy, every 5 years Indonesia should make elections for president and legislative,
governor in 33 provinces, and mayor/regent in 497 cities/regencies. Uncertainty of the
number of voters and wasting budget for voter count is problems that often occur. With e-
KTP, government programs could be on target, no longer have to do regular census, reduce
the administrative burden of citizens and can make budget savings.
2) How can e-government studies be more multidisciplinary and comparative?
E-government research becomes more fruitful and has a better chance of influencing
other discipline when it is comparative. Moving e-government research from descriptive case
studies focusing on one academic discipline to empirical studies with multi-disciplinary focus
and authorship will help strengthen it. Multi-disciplinary and comparative studies most likely
require the collaboration of researchers and policy actors across the board. A final and
critically important issue is coordination with different organizational, political, and
administrative cultures that limit fruitful international, multidisciplinary, and collaborative
research on e-government.
E-KTP project does not stand alone, but relates to other disciplines and in practice
involves a variety of different organizations. That is relates to politic, psychology, sociology,
and anthropology science. In politic, E-KTP able to overcome the problem of the disputed
election which caused by the inflation of votes and voters, as well as fraud in the election
(double election, money politics, etc.). According to the Constitutional Court of Indonesia,
from 2008 to December 2011 there are 440 local election. Of this amount, 392 that contained
12

14. the disputed elections in the Constitutional Court.14 With the e-KTP, there is an opportunity
to prevent cheating through e-voting. It provides an opportunity for political scientists to
conduct research on changes in the quality of the local elections. In Psychology, Sociology
and anthropology, e-KTP can change the behavior of individuals, communities, and bring a
new culture. In the region of Southeast Asia, an Indonesian was known has characteristics
disorderly, criminal, troublemakers, and others. Neighboring countries that have implemented
e-ID card, like as Malaysia and Singapore, is recognized more disciplined and orderly. This
will be the object of comparison and research for scientists of psychology, sociology, and
anthropology. In addition, as a large country and much population, China and India had
already implemented e-ID card, can be comparable in the e-government studies.
3) How to better measure and evaluate e-government performance and result?
Evaluation of performance in government organizations and employees is one of the
basic objectives of current government reform movements, such as the new public
management. There are some problems about the assessment of e-government projects:
measurement and evaluation of subjective, focus on online service (without flexible,
responsive, accountable and participatory), quantity trap regardless quality, a lack of
emphasis on social, technical and political value-added, prioritize for benchmarking and rise
in rankings rather than for local and national priorities, and technical design or citizen needs.
The good evaluate of e-government performance and result must objective with
involve multi stakeholder like NGO, citizens, technician, politician and researcher.
Government as an e-KTP project implementers should always make a poll about the quality,
responsive, accountable of these project. In practice, the use of e-KTP cards have weakness.
For example, the signature does not appear on the surface e-KTP card. That causes problem
14
http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/462330/
13

15. to transactions with banking institutions. Signature are printed in the chip can not be read
because the bank did not have the tools (card reader). Therefore necessary collaboration
between government as the organizer of the e-KTP project with private as user.
4) How to produce novel and more useable concepts, model and theories in e-government
research?
E-government research is criticized for being rather weak in producing novel and
more usable concept, models and theories. Theoretical orientation may help e-government
researchers to rediscover critical theorizing supported by solid empirical (multi-disciplinary,
multi-method, and collaborative) research. Academic cross-fertilization with other
disciplines, as suggested in above-sections, is an old and successfully-tested way of theory
generating and testing and theoretical development.
E-KTP project is generating a multiplier effect, both among science (public
administration, politics, sociology, psychology, anthropology) and between organizations
(national and international). So that, to produce new models and theories is possible because
it can use a multi-disciplinary, multi-method, and collaborative.
IV. CONCLUSION
E-KTP project is part of the e-government program in an effort to reform the
bureaucracy in Indonesia. It is the basic program to establish communication between the
government premises to citizens more effectively and efficiently. E-KTP can be researched
with multi-disciplinary, multi-method, and collaborative.
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16. RESOURCES
Yıldız, Mete. (2007). E-government Research: Reviewing the literature, limitations, and
ways forward. Government Information Quarterly (p. 646-665).
Yıldız, Mete. (2012). Big Questions of E-government Research. Information Polity (1-13)
http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/10/22/22260274/depdiknas.terbitkan.peta.bahasa.
http://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/260537-indonesia-daftarkan-13-487-pulau-ke-
pbb.
http://www.antaranews.com/berita/1305026130/anggota-dpr-minta-anggaran-e-ktp-ditinjau-
ulang.
http://www.e-ktp.com.
http://www.jpnn.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=57455.
http://www.riauterkini.com/sosial.php?arr=44150.
http://www.seputar-indonesia.com/edisicetak/content/view/462330/.
http://www.worldbank.org/in/country/indonesia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_Tanda_Penduduk_elektronik.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_di_Indonesia.
http//nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/11/08/1505254/perekaman.E-KTP.Mencapai.
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