áCidos carboxílicos

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Nombre Apellidos

Science

• Docente:
- Ing. Segundo Saldaña Saavedra
• Alumnos:
- Castro Bueno, Elio Fernando
- Mendoza Burgos, Gabriela
- Sánchez Guzmán, Allison
• Curso:
- Química Orgánica
• Ciclo:
- III

1. PREPARACION DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS:
1.1. OXIDACION DE ALCOHOLES PRIMARIOS Y ALDEHIDOS:
O
퐾푀푛푂4
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 − 푂퐻
퐶퐻3 O 퐶퐻3 O
I 퐾2퐶푟2푂7
I
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 − 퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 − 푂퐻
1.2. OXIDACION DE ALQUILBENCENOS:
∥
∥ ∥
퐾푀푛푂4
퐾푀푛푂4

퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻3
퐶퐻3
OH
퐶퐻3
퐶퐻2 − 퐶 − 퐶퐻3
∥
O
퐾푀푛푂4
1.3. HIBROLISIS DE NITRILOS
퐻3푂+
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 ≡ 푁 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
OH
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 ≡ 푁
퐶퐻3
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 = 푂
퐶퐻3 OH
퐻3푂+

1.4. CARBOXILACION DE LOS REACTIVOS DE GRIGNARDC
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 푀푔퐶푙
퐶퐻3
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻3
푎) 퐶푂2
푏) 퐻3푂+
푎) 퐶푂2
푀푔퐵푟 퐶푂푂퐻
푏) 퐻3푂+
2. REACCIONES DE LOS ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS:
2.1.REACCIONES DE ACIDEZ
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂푁푎
푁푎푂퐻
퐶푎(푂퐻)2
퐻퐶푙
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂푁푎
(퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2−퐶푂푂)2퐶푎
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻
+
+
+
퐻20
2퐻20
+
푁푎퐶푙
+
+

2.2.REACCION DE ESTERIFICACION
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 + 퐻20
푂 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻3
퐻2푆푂4 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 + 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻
OH

2.3 CONVERSIÓN EN HALUROS DE ÁCIDO:
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
OH
P퐶푙3
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
Cl
• 푃퐶푙3
• 푃퐶푙5
• 푆푂퐶푙2

2.4. CONVERSIÓN EN AMIDAS:
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
OH
P퐶푙3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
Cl
푁퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
푁퐻2
• Cuando el amoniaco es trisustituido no hay reacción alguna, ya que no hay
hidrógenos que se relacionen.

2.5. FORMACIÓN DE ANHIDRIDOS DE ÁCIDO:
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂
OH
700°C 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2 = 퐶 = 푂
-퐻2푂
퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 = 퐶 − 퐶퐻3
=
O
=
O
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂− 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 = 퐶 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻3
=
O
=
O
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 = 푂
Cl
+
퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3

퐶퐻2 − 퐶
푂
푂퐻
퐶퐻2 − 퐶
푂퐻
푂
푐푎푙표푟
− 퐻2푂 퐶퐻2 − 퐶
푐푎푙표푟
− 퐻2푂
푂
푂
퐶퐻2 − 퐶
푂

2.6 REDUCCIÓN DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS
퐿푖퐴푙퐻4
퐶퐻3
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶
푂
푂퐻
퐶퐻3
퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻
퐶
푂
푂퐻
퐿푖퐴푙퐻4
퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻

2.7 SUBSTITUCIÓN EN ÁCIDOS AROMÁTICOS
퐶푂푂퐻
퐻푁푂3
퐻2푆푂4
퐶푂푂퐻
푁푂2
퐶퐻3
퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻3
퐶푂푂퐻
퐵푟
퐵푟2
퐹푒

2.8 COMPORTAMIENTO TERMICO DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS
푐푎푙표푟
퐻푂푂퐶 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐻 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + 퐶푂2
퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + 퐶푂2
퐻푂푂퐶 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 푐푎푙표푟
푐푎푙표푟
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
+ 퐻2푂
+ 퐻2푂
푐푎푙표푟
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
표
표
표

푐푎푙표푟 푂 + 퐶푂2 + 퐻2푂
퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻
푐푎푙표푟
+ 퐻2푂
푐푎푙표푟

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áCidos carboxílicos

1. • Docente: - Ing. Segundo Saldaña Saavedra • Alumnos: - Castro Bueno, Elio Fernando - Mendoza Burgos, Gabriela - Sánchez Guzmán, Allison • Curso: - Química Orgánica • Ciclo: - III

2. 1. PREPARACION DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS: 1.1. OXIDACION DE ALCOHOLES PRIMARIOS Y ALDEHIDOS: O 퐾푀푛푂4 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 − 푂퐻 퐶퐻3 O 퐶퐻3 O I 퐾2퐶푟2푂7 I 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 − 퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 − 푂퐻 1.2. OXIDACION DE ALQUILBENCENOS: ∥ ∥ ∥ 퐾푀푛푂4 퐾푀푛푂4

3. 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3 OH 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 − 퐶퐻3 ∥ O 퐾푀푛푂4 1.3. HIBROLISIS DE NITRILOS 퐻3푂+ 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 ≡ 푁 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 OH 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 ≡ 푁 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 = 푂 퐶퐻3 OH 퐻3푂+

4. 1.4. CARBOXILACION DE LOS REACTIVOS DE GRIGNARDC 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 푀푔퐶푙 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻3 푎) 퐶푂2 푏) 퐻3푂+ 푎) 퐶푂2 푀푔퐵푟 퐶푂푂퐻 푏) 퐻3푂+ 2. REACCIONES DE LOS ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS: 2.1.REACCIONES DE ACIDEZ 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂푁푎 푁푎푂퐻 퐶푎(푂퐻)2 퐻퐶푙 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂푁푎 (퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2−퐶푂푂)2퐶푎 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + + + 퐻20 2퐻20 + 푁푎퐶푙 + +

5. 2.2.REACCION DE ESTERIFICACION 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 + 퐻20 푂 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻3 퐻2푆푂4 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 + 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻 OH

6. 2.3 CONVERSIÓN EN HALUROS DE ÁCIDO: 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 OH P퐶푙3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 Cl • 푃퐶푙3 • 푃퐶푙5 • 푆푂퐶푙2

7. 2.4. CONVERSIÓN EN AMIDAS: 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 OH P퐶푙3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 Cl 푁퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 푁퐻2 • Cuando el amoniaco es trisustituido no hay reacción alguna, ya que no hay hidrógenos que se relacionen.

8. 2.5. FORMACIÓN DE ANHIDRIDOS DE ÁCIDO: 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 OH 700°C 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 = 퐶 = 푂 -퐻2푂 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 = 퐶 − 퐶퐻3 = O = O 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂− 퐶퐻3 − 퐶 = 푂 = 퐶 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻3 = O = O 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 = 푂 Cl + 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3

9. 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 푂 푂퐻 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 푂퐻 푂 푐푎푙표푟 − 퐻2푂 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 푐푎푙표푟 − 퐻2푂 푂 푂 퐶퐻2 − 퐶 푂

10. 2.6 REDUCCIÓN DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS 퐿푖퐴푙퐻4 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶 푂 푂퐻 퐶퐻3 퐶퐻3 − 퐶퐻 − 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻 퐶 푂 푂퐻 퐿푖퐴푙퐻4 퐶퐻2 − 푂퐻

11. 2.7 SUBSTITUCIÓN EN ÁCIDOS AROMÁTICOS 퐶푂푂퐻 퐻푁푂3 퐻2푆푂4 퐶푂푂퐻 푁푂2 퐶퐻3 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻3 퐶푂푂퐻 퐵푟 퐵푟2 퐹푒

12. 2.8 COMPORTAMIENTO TERMICO DE ÁCIDOS CARBOXÍLICOS 푐푎푙표푟 퐻푂푂퐶 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐻 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + 퐶푂2 퐶퐻3 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + 퐶푂2 퐻푂푂퐶 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 푐푎푙표푟 푐푎푙표푟 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 + 퐻2푂 + 퐻2푂 푐푎푙표푟 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 표 표 표

13. 푐푎푙표푟 푂 + 퐶푂2 + 퐻2푂 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 − 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 퐶퐻2 − 퐶푂푂퐻 푐푎푙표푟 + 퐻2푂 푐푎푙표푟

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