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Marjolein Deduytschaever
1. Basisprincipe van akoestiek
1.1 Akoestiek
1.2 Geluidsgolven
1.3 Frequentie
1.4 Toonklank
1.5 Resonantie
2. Basisprincipes van de bouw van een gitaar
2.1 Bouw/ onderdelen
2.2 Materialen
3. Akoestiek van de gitaar
3.1 Speelwijze
3.2 Verschillende toonhoogtes/ toonklanken
3.3 Resonantie bij gitaar 2
• twee betekenissen:
• wetenschap bestudering van geluid
• manier geluid voortplant en verspreidt
• 4 onderdelen
3a
3b
• trillingen door medium gestuurd
• longitudinale golven maar bron transversaal
• beschreven door:
• amplitude (A)
• frequentie (f)
• golflengte ()
• geluidsnelheid (v)
• aantal trillingen per seconde
• 𝑇 =
1
𝑓
 𝑓 =
1
𝑇
• eenheid is hertz
• bepaalt toonhoogte
4a
4b
• grondtoon + veel harmonieken
• 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑓1
• eigenfrequentie= frequentie
automatisch aanneemt bij trillen
• 𝑧 =
2𝑙
𝜆
• snaren
• 6
• aan stemschroeven en brug
• stemschroeven
• snaarspanning veranderen voor juiste noot
• klankkast:
• voor- en achterblad
• zijkanten
5a
5b
• voorblad:
• klankgat
• brug en toets
• nek:
• vast aan klankkast met hiel of hak
• van hiel tot kop
• toets met fretten op bevestigt
5c
• fretten
• 19
• 12 op gedeelte toets op nek
5d
• klankkast, nek, toets en kop:
• hout
• snaren
• nylon
• metaal
• brug
• ivoor
• plastic
• verschillende manieren:
• vingers:
• plukken
• tokkelen
• plectrum:
• tokkelen
6a
6b
• manier invloed op klankkleur
• hoe meer snaar ingekort, hoe hoger de toon
• inkorten door vingers op toets tussen fretten
• ook materiaal: invloed op klank
• elk soort instrument ook andere klank
• tijdspreiding
6c
• snaar langs 2 kanten vast:
• meerdere resonantiefrequenties
• snaar in grondtoon:
• staande golf
• snaar aangeslagen:
• trilt in resonantiefrequenties
• grondtoon = luidst
6d
• resonantiefrequenties:
• afhankelijk van massa + buigstijfheid snaar
• ook van snaarspanning
• gestemd door spanning via stemschroeven
• snaar aangeslagen
• weinig geluid
• hiervoor klankkast
• klankkast versterkt geluid
• !! voor- en achterblad
6e
• voorblad
• hoge frequenties
• achterblad
• lage frequenties
• geluid overgebracht naar hout + brug =>
patronen: Chladni patronen.
• klankgat om geluid uit klankkast
7

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Fysica en gitaar gip

  • 2. 1. Basisprincipe van akoestiek 1.1 Akoestiek 1.2 Geluidsgolven 1.3 Frequentie 1.4 Toonklank 1.5 Resonantie 2. Basisprincipes van de bouw van een gitaar 2.1 Bouw/ onderdelen 2.2 Materialen 3. Akoestiek van de gitaar 3.1 Speelwijze 3.2 Verschillende toonhoogtes/ toonklanken 3.3 Resonantie bij gitaar 2
  • 3. • twee betekenissen: • wetenschap bestudering van geluid • manier geluid voortplant en verspreidt • 4 onderdelen 3a
  • 4. 3b • trillingen door medium gestuurd • longitudinale golven maar bron transversaal • beschreven door: • amplitude (A) • frequentie (f) • golflengte () • geluidsnelheid (v)
  • 5. • aantal trillingen per seconde • 𝑇 = 1 𝑓  𝑓 = 1 𝑇 • eenheid is hertz • bepaalt toonhoogte 4a
  • 6. 4b • grondtoon + veel harmonieken • 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑓1 • eigenfrequentie= frequentie automatisch aanneemt bij trillen • 𝑧 = 2𝑙 𝜆
  • 7. • snaren • 6 • aan stemschroeven en brug • stemschroeven • snaarspanning veranderen voor juiste noot • klankkast: • voor- en achterblad • zijkanten 5a
  • 8. 5b • voorblad: • klankgat • brug en toets • nek: • vast aan klankkast met hiel of hak • van hiel tot kop • toets met fretten op bevestigt
  • 9. 5c • fretten • 19 • 12 op gedeelte toets op nek
  • 10. 5d • klankkast, nek, toets en kop: • hout • snaren • nylon • metaal • brug • ivoor • plastic
  • 11. • verschillende manieren: • vingers: • plukken • tokkelen • plectrum: • tokkelen 6a
  • 12. 6b • manier invloed op klankkleur • hoe meer snaar ingekort, hoe hoger de toon • inkorten door vingers op toets tussen fretten • ook materiaal: invloed op klank • elk soort instrument ook andere klank • tijdspreiding
  • 13. 6c • snaar langs 2 kanten vast: • meerdere resonantiefrequenties • snaar in grondtoon: • staande golf • snaar aangeslagen: • trilt in resonantiefrequenties • grondtoon = luidst
  • 14. 6d • resonantiefrequenties: • afhankelijk van massa + buigstijfheid snaar • ook van snaarspanning • gestemd door spanning via stemschroeven • snaar aangeslagen • weinig geluid • hiervoor klankkast • klankkast versterkt geluid • !! voor- en achterblad
  • 15. 6e • voorblad • hoge frequenties • achterblad • lage frequenties • geluid overgebracht naar hout + brug => patronen: Chladni patronen. • klankgat om geluid uit klankkast
  • 16. 7