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A2 MEDIA STUDIES
COURSEWORK
RESEARCH AND PLANNING
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – MEANING:
Meaning in media basically means how someone reads/interprets media text. People who read media casually would
interpret media the way it is said in a news article, whereas someone who is viewing media text from a business
perspective would have a more in-depth point of view as that is their job and how they make their living. Producers in
the media industry create their product for their target audience, whether that be for a niche audience or a mainstream
audience.
Another way in which producers portray meaning is through the use of something called ‘Technical Codes’, which is
where the producer uses camera angles, editing and lighting to help create and portray their product that their selling
to the consumer
A key technique that producers use to create meaning in their product is throught symbolic codes. Symbolic codes are
cultural symbols that are ingrained into the mise-en-scene, And the mise-en-scene is all the visual representation of the
media text, which are things like; costumes, lighting soundtrack and setting. Through the use of symbolic codes like
mise-en-scene, the prodcuer hopes to use those elements to convey the meaning of their product to the audience
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – MEANING:
The way in which products can be perceived could be linked to Stuart Hall’s Theory of 3 different views, like how the
dominant viewers would be the targeted audience of the producers product, the oppositional view is where the viewer
sees another, unintended meaning within the message, the negotiated view is where the viewer has no biased to the
dominate or oppositional view but finds a middle ground between both view, where they are able to find the unintended
meaning within the product but is also able to understand the views of the dominant culture. An example of Stuart
Hall’s Theory would be Finding Nemo where in the opening scene of the movie, Marlin wakes up from a barracuda
attack on his family to find that only one of his eggs, which was Nemo, but this egg could merely be a figment of
Marlin’s imagination to deal with the loss of his family, this is also supported by the fact that throughout the movie when
Marlin is trying to Find Nemo, he experiences the 5 stages of grief. Another hint towards the movie being a figment of
Marlin’s imagination, is the fact that Nemo means Nobody in Latin, meaning that Marlin is finding Nobody. This is the
case with many Disney movies, where the movie itself portrays one thing but hidden with the movie there is a deeper
meaning. This could be intentionally left in by the Disney Producers to test their audience and to see what topics of
discussion come from these in-depth look into their movie and the meaning.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – INSTITUTIONS:
A Media Institution is a company/ organization that is accountable for a media text. This
could be through marketing, production or distribution. Production labels are very
important to the success of a film as they have more resources to distribute their product,
as the bigger the institution the more distributing power you have, which equates to more
money to re-invest into other movies. Institutions like Disney have the name where no
matter what film they make, they will still match their overall budget for making the movie
and the money it makes from the box office. Most media texts that get recognition, are
usually made within a business or industrial context that will enable this text to get a
positive recognition from their target demographic. Institutions are a collective of
individuals that work together in hierarchal structure to achieve a clear and defined goal.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – INSTITUTIONS:
Disney is the biggest conglomerate in the film industry because they have the money, marketing power and are a
well known company. This makes it hard for independent companys to succeed in a market that is dominated by
disney. Even if an independent film company is on the rise, Disney will buy them because they have the money to
and it takes out competion. This makes the movie market an oligopoly market, which means that large companies
like disney buy smaller up and coming groups and intergrate them with their rostera. Oligopolies can reduce the
market competition through different forms of collusion, this leads to an inflation of prices consumers. Disney is a
oligopoly because it is big enough to affect the market and owns 40% of the modern movie market because they
can just buy their competition, but buying film companies isnt just to stop rising competition, it also could be in
response to a the decision of one of their rivals. The only competitiors to disney are media conglomerates like;
News Corporation (NWS), Time Warner (TW), Dreamworks Animation SKG (DWA) and Viacom (VIA). These are the
only companies that directly compete with disney in various businesses.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – GENRE:
Products in media can always be categorised into different genres
and sometimes can be categorised into more than one single genre.
Genre can be identified within a media product through its unique and
distinctive qualities. Within these genre’s there are also sub-genre’s
which are used to decipher the narrative conventions of the product.
When a product is categorised into their most suited genre, it creates
a stereotypical expectation for the audience. Producers use genre as
a way to structure their product and increase value. Genre is often
identified through the product having a common genre to another
product which helps determine the genre of the said product.
The BBFC or the British Board of Film Classification, puts the age ratings
on movies to ensure that content in the entertainment industry like games
and films, is labelled for a minimum age group. The genre of the product can
often predetermine the age rating of the product and if it falls under the
average age rating, it is likely that the product won’t make profit. A genre
theorist called Jason Mittel describes genre in media as ”Genre is a way of
exploiting an audience who enjoy certain types of representations e.g. tabloid
newspapers and the obsession with celebrity gossip which is also used as a
form of synergy with programmes like “I’m a Celebrity – Get me out of
Here!”. Mittell argues that industry uses genre commercially and it outlines five
principles of cultural genre. He understands genre as a proposal of “cultural
categories”.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – GENRE:
Rick Altman's Genre Theory
Rick Altman's Genre Theory suggests that the audience view films from 2
different elements; syntatic and semantic elements.
Semantic Elements are physical objects that the audience member sees and can
automatically relate that object to a spercific genre and it helps the viewer
classify the product as a certain genre. An example of this is if the viewer sees a
gun, then they are going to associate the gun with the action genre and classify
the film as action. The semantic element of a film is considered to be the 'clear'
hint towards the genre of the film.
The syntatic element of a film is a lot more lowkey compared to the semantic
element of the film. The syntatic element of films comes in the forms of a
characters feelings, the theme of the movie and emotions that aren't clear to
see. Feelings like being sad, happy or angry are considered to be syntatic
elements, this element is a way to try and connect the audience with the
character and to feel and understand what is happening to the character. Trying
to portray emotions in a film is difficult because they are difficult to notice. A
way in which a director may portray emotions such as love, Is through the use of
the color red or through affectionate actions and speech between the
characters.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – REPRESENTATION:
Representation in media texts and products deal with modern day gender, age,
ethnicity, religious and national identities, social issues and current events to their
audience. Modern Media texts have the power to heavily influence the audience's
knowledge and understanding of the event/ topic they are reading/ learning about.
This make the modern media a extremely powerful tool in influencing ideologies and
mindsets of the people learning or reading these texts. Representation in media is
power through text and TV, because if you know the proper way to analyse; camera
shots, the stereotype of the show and iconography. If you know how to analyse those
aspects of TV then you can find the representation of the show/ film that the director
has intentionally left in there to portray their product. Colour representation is a key
aspect of representation in media, because every colour can mean a different thing
depending on the theme/ genre of the product.
Red- Love, passion, blood,
death
Black- Darkness, Depression,
fear, authority
White- Purity, peace,
innocence
Green- Nature, trees, greed,
ambition, wealth, money,
health
Yellow- Happiness, new life,
the sun
Blue- Sadness, male,
happiness, peace
Pink- Female, love,
friendship, affection
Purple- Royalty, luxury
Brown- Nature, reliability,
stability
Orange- Tropical, happiness,
strength
Gold- Compassion, courage,
wisdom
Alvorado's theory
Exotic- These groups are seen as exotic and sexy, and example of a the exotic stereotype is a
latino american woman is seen as a sex symbol for their choice of clothing because the media
see it as 'too revealing'
Dangerous- This group is seen as dangerous because violent rap has created the stereotype
that black males are dangerous and violent
Humorous- These types of character are often stereotyped by their origin and are usually
considered the joker by what they say because it makes them look stupid or by stupid things
they do
Pitied- The Pitied group is the people that the audience is made to pity for, like in charity
adverts like unicef, where they show us the malnurished children which makes us feel pity and
persuade the audience to donate to try and help out
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – AUDIENCE:
Audience in media is who your product is targeted at, to identify your products target
audience, the producer has to do research their target demographic and
psychographic. They also need to determine if they are making their product for a
mainstream audience or a niche audience. Stuart Hall’s reception theory shows that
the producer will put in a hidden message in the product and different audience
members will interpret their message in a different way, and sometimes they will
interpret the producer's message in a way that the producer didn't originally intend.
Stuart Hall’s Reception Theory states that the audience members will adopt one of 3
views upon the product. The dominant view of the viewers or audience is within the
dominant point of view, meaning that the dominant viewers are the majority that
agree on everything. Meaning that there is little misunderstanding and
miscommunication, and they have the same assumptions and cultural biases. In this
position of viewership that allows ideas to be understood best. The negotiated
position is when the audience member or receiver, is able to decode the sender
message within the context of the dominant cultural and societal views. The
messages are understood, but in a different way than the dominant- hegemonic
position. The receivers in the negotiated position are not necessarily working within
the hegemonic viewpoint but are familiar enough with dominant society to be able to
sufficiently decode cultural texts in an abstract sense. The oppositional view is when
the audience member is capable of decoding the message in the way it was
intended to be decoded, but based on their own societal beliefs, often sees another,
unintended meaning within the message.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – AUDIENCE:
There are many theories that look at audiences and how they think. A theory that looks to
understand the actions of people in media is the Use and Gratification Theory. The Use and
Gratification Theory is a theory that seeks to understand why people search the media they
do and what they use this media for. Use and Gratification Theory explores the reasons for
people's constant use of social media and whether it is for entertainment, relaxation,
socializing.
The hypodermic needle theory is an outdated theory about communication. The Hypodermic
Needle Theory suggests mass media had a mass effect on audiences and that it heavily
influenced people's behaviors in the 1940 and 50s. The theory suggests that the mass media
could influence a large group of people directly by 'injecting' them with the appropriate
messages to active and trigger a desired response. The theory expresses the fact that media is
a dangerous way of communicating an idea to the reciever who is powerless to resist the
impact of the message, therefore having a big influence on the reciever and altering their
decisions.
The Two Step Flow is a form of communication model that allows people to form their
thoughts and opinions under the influence of the mass media. Through the two step flow
people can affect and share their opinions to others and influence their thoughts on certain
matters. Facebook is a platform where mass two step flow occurs because there are basically
forms with hundreds, possibly thousands of people who share the same opinion as you and
will support your view, making you believe your opinion is correct because it has been
validated by hundreds of people
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – IDEOLOGY:
Ideology in media is having a set of beliefs and values that are commonly held by religious
groups and are sustained by a community to live or act in a particular way. Almost all
media products/ texts have ideological aspect to them and are created within the context
of a dominant ideology or series of common values that are generally collectively
understood by all members of a certain community. Marxists see these values as
representing the interests of the dominant or ruling class and their maintenance of power.
Some sort of ideology is present in all modern media texts. In modern media text, the
modern media often criticize other ideologies and religions often creating a stereotype
towards that Ideology/ religion as the modern media is a mostly negative place.
Hegemony is a descriptive way of saying that people or ideas that seek to remain
dominant in a constantly changing society. Hegemony in media is a perceived process by
which certain values and ideologies are promoted through the mass media where is
becomes dominant in society. Certain News outlets portray one political side based on
who funds the company, for example; CNN are biased towards the left wing which is the
democratic party who identify as socialists. The opposing party to the democrats are the
Republicans who are on the right wing and identify as capitalist
Socialism is based off the Marxist theory. Marxist Theory or Marxist Philosophy is where
Karl Marx focuses on the struggle between the working class and capitalists, and he
believes everyone should be treated equally rather than capitalists having control over the
market and the economy. Socialism is a less radical version of the Marxist Theory and it
focuses on producing, distributing and exchanging should be regulated by the community
as a whole. Whereas Capitalism is both a political and economic system where the
countries trade and industry are controlled by private owners for self gain rather to profit
for everyone in the state.
M.I.G.R.A.I.N – NARRATIVE:
Media texts like films and advertisements usually have a plot or fixed storyline. A
narrative as a whole allow us as the audience to explore how the plot/ storyline has
been formulated, and how the characters in these plots and storylines are integral
to how to narrative is accomplished. The concept of a narrative is used to look at
the structure of a storyline. A storyline can have many different narratives within it.
Vladimir Propp was a Russian academic. He studied over 100 fairy tales and
concluded that there are 7 main character types, which are the following; The hero,
the villain, The Donor, The Dispatcher, The Helper/Sidekick, The False Hero, The
Princess. Through Propp's studies we are able to determine these outstanding
characters in each narrative, which gives the plot/ storyline more structure to it.
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory suggests that almost all narratives follow the
same 3 part structure where it starts off with a state of equilibrium where everything
is calm, peaceful and balanced, then something or someone comes along and
disrupts this state of equilibrium, then finally some kind of resolution to this
disruption of equilibrium is found and the state of equilibrium is restored.
An example of the hero and the sidekick role is the famous dynamic between
Batman and Robin. Batman is the main protagonist throughout all his films and
Robin always seems to just ‘help out’ which is the role of the sidekick. Batman is
always the character that is given the credit for defeating to antagonist as the
sidekick is viewed only as an associate and it is clear to see in the Batman and
Robin dynamic, that Batman is the more dominate figure because he is the
mentor/teacher to Robin
REFLECTION FOR MEANING
Meaning helped me understand how the use of camera angle can help signify and portray our message to our
demographic. Knowing the technical terms for camera angles will help us write out our instructions and will make
them more specific and easier to follow and understand. Researching Meaning has helped me understand what type
of audience that we should be looking at targeting and once we find that audience we should focus on basing our
product for that specific audience. Stuart Halls perception theory has helped us understand the ways in which the
audience could view our product from multiple different angles. Stuart Halls Reception Theory has also helped show
that we could hide hidden meanings within our product to give the audience interested and have them create
constant theories and keep the product alive for a longer period of time
REFLECTION FOR INSTITUTIONS
Researching on Institutions has helped me understand tactic's with marketing our product and how to make it
appealing to a wider audience. Institutions has taught me that the importance of having a Label representing your
product and that often having a Label can determine how successful the product will be, and the success of that film
can also determine whether an independent will make another movie depending if they make money or lose money. I
learnt that Institutions are made up of a collective of indiviuals that come together under a hierarchy structure to
achieve a clear goal. Through my coursework research I have discovered that the reasons that independent film
companies don't stay around for long is because of the oligopoly market that conglomerates like Disney have created.
REFLECTION FOR GENRE
Genre has helped me understand how to classify our product and what main genre our product is a sub-genre of.
Through my research I have discovered that through genre we can determine our target demographic and use
stereotypes of that genre to keep the target demographic interested. My genre research has taught me that our age
rating plays a large factor in the success of the film as the lower the age rating, the larger audience we could have but
we need to make the content suitable for children aged 12. Through my research of Jason Mittel's Exploitation of the
Audience, it has helped me understand how the news likes to portray certain genre's and how they stereotype those
genres. Through Rick Altman's Genre Theory I have learnt that you can portray a meaning through physical props that
hint towards the plot of our product. His theory on syntatic's helps me understand ways in which we can incorporate
meaning through a characters emotions.
REFLECTION FOR REPRESENTATION
Through my research of representation I have found out methods in which to use colors as a way of portraying our
meaning to the audience. I have also learnt that different colors represent different genre's which helps narrow down
what colors we were looking at incorporating. I also discovered that through the use of Alvarado's Theory we can play
into what the audience by using stereotypical but different characters.
REFLECTION FOR AUDIENCE
My audience research has taught me a vast range of things like how we need to find our demographic and focus on
appealing to a wider range than just the demographic. Another aspect I have learnt is that before we start filming or
even planning, we need to discover whether we are making our product for the mainstream audience or whether it's for
a niche audience. I have learnt that Stuart Hall's reception theory links in well with audience's in media and has taught
me that producers often hide messages within the product and this message can be interoperate in many different
ways depending on the audience member. Stuart Hall's reception has taught that the audience will adapt 1of 3 main
views in which the audience could interoperate our product which are; The dominant view of the viewers or audience is
where the dominant viewers are the majority that agree on everything. Meaning that there is little misunderstanding
and miscommunication, and they have the same assumptions and cultural biases. The oppositional view is when the
audience member is capable of decoding the message in the way it was intended to be decoded, but based on their
own societal beliefs, often sees another, unintended meaning within the message. The two step flow taught me how
products can be marketed without the use of professional marketing skills and is apart of the early stages of getting
your product out there.
REFLECTION FOR IDEOLOGY
I have learnt that ideology focuses on the dominant viewing and appeasing them. Ideological texts exists in all modern
text and are majority biased. Hegemony in media is the dominant ideological view that is around at the time.
Hegemony in media has taught me not to sway one way on the political scale through our work and I plan to have our
coursework to not to be hegemonic towards one side in politics.
REFLECTION FOR NARRATIVE
Through researching narrative, I have learnt that there are 7 main character's narratives that we can adapt for our
coursework which are; The hero, the villain, The Donor, The Dispatcher, The Helper/Sidekick, The False Hero,
The Princess. I learnt this from Vladimir Propps research on fairytales combined with Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory
which explains the states of equilibrim. Tzvetan Todorov's theory on equilibrium is something I've adapted in creating
the structure for our coursework and it is a guideline for our story.
Trailer Research:
What is a trailer/teaser trailer? Why are they used?
A teaser trailer is a short video that offers a little understanding of
the plot, shows the characters, actors or gameplay for a movie or
video game. A trailer is used to commercially advertise a feature
film that will be exhibited in a cinema in the future.
How have trailers evolved over the years?
In the 1930s the National Screening Services (NSS) exclusively
developed movie trailers. Originally trailers were put at the end of
the movies to be a sort of recap for the movie, but eventually the
NSS decided to make trailers into previews for the films before they
come out as a result of people leaving to movie theatre right after
the movie finishes, which meant the recap for the movie was a
waste of time and money as people didn't acknowledge it. In the
early 1960s, textless, montage trailers became popular, this was
due to the progression of the “New Hollywood” and techniques like
quick-editing became increasingly popular in television.
Trailer
Research:
How have movie trailers become more contemporary?
Movie trailers have become more contemporary through evolution of technology over the years, in the modern era of
film, you can view trailers in a number of different ways like before the movie your about to watch or on your
smartphone. Another aspect in which movie trailers have become more contemporary is through the evolution and
expansion of social media. Through the use of social media, producers and promoters can keep fans informed about
updates with the movie, releases and anything else that could be associated with the movie. Social media can be
used to gain traction and hype for the movie, and with social media platforms like Facebook, where there is a
dedicated page that fans can follow and promote, this enables the movie to gain traction because of people sharing it
and its able to reach a wider audience
What makes a good trailer?
What makes a good trailer is subjective, because every member will have a different view point on the trailer, but
there are attributes to a movie trailer that can make it appeasing to a large audience. The trailer should have a good
middle ground between sharing enough of the plot that keeps the audience enticed but also doesn't spoil too much
so it pushes away the audience. The trailer should showcase some of the main characters but not all, this will also
provide a pleasant shock factor to the viewer when they discover there’s more characters than they were lead to
believe. The trailer should focus on the emotional tone of the movie, which will make the audience excited to view
whatever the trailer is trying to sell to them, as the trailer makes the audience feel apart of the adventure.
Trailer
Research:
Are independent films up to the same standard as Conglomerates?
Independent films aren’t up to the same standard to film produced by conglomerates because these independent
don’t have the influence that the conglomerates have and they don’t have the large production and marketing
budget that these conglomerates have, which makes it harder for these independents to gain recognition.
Why do films include movie posters?
Film poster have a variety of purposes and because of their versatility this makes them a vital tool in the success of
a film. A movie posters predominate purpose is to advertise and inform the audience of an upcoming film, they
advertise important and attention grabbing details like; release date, actors and the age rating it has been given by
the BBFC.
Why is it important to include branding across movie promotional packs?
Brand promotional packaging is a useful marketing strategy that helps sell the product to the audience by making
the product seem more desirable to the audience. Branding is another vital aspect, as making an eye grabbing
packaging is essential to keeping the audience’s attention and will conglomerates customer satisfaction and if
branding goes well, it could entice the consumer to build a sense of loyalty to the brand
Trailer- 3 Act
Structure
Establishing Part
movie and is where some of the main characters are to be introduced to the viewer. In this part of the
trailer there should be a sense of intensity building through the producers choice of music to build
anticipation.
Disturbance
The disturbance is the part in the trailer when the music that builds the tension should release that
tension and have the music playing that suits the genre of the disturbance. The disturbance segment of
the trailer should give the viewer an idea of what the issue in the movie is, through some sort of conflict or
an issue that relates to the genre of the movie.
Montage
The montage section of the trailer usually consists of a range of fast pace clips that happen throughout
the movie that are edited together to tease the audience and make them want to see the movie because
of this segment. The Montage section shouldn't reveal to much of what happens through these clips as it
keeps the audiences interest as they don’t know the final outcome of each clip
Analysis of Trailer 1: Marvel’s
Guardians of the Galaxy
At the very start of the trailer it displays the age rating of the movie with the official name of the corporation
that gave them those age ratings. From the get go of the trailer, there is music that builds the intensity till
the climax, but in the starting climax, the trailer incorporates humour into it, which is a good way of
keeping the attention of the viewers. After the first initial build up and climax, the conglomerate that
produced this movie’s logo is displayed. As Guardians of the Galaxy is a Marvel film, it was bound to get a
larger amount of recognition due to Marvel having a massive fan base and this film being a completely
new thing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). After the Marvel credits role, the viewers are given a
introduction to some of the main character's in this with a brief look into their background. After the
character’s introduction, it briefly shows a conflict between on of the main characters and a unknown blue
man. The conflict between the 2 character’s initiates the start of the short but fast pace montage, which
gives the audience a look at a few more unknown characters and an intense action sequence that leaves
viewers excited and in anticipation to go watch the movie, but instead of leaving it their, the trailer goes
back to the introduction of the characters and adds some more comedy to give the viewers even more
reason to watch this movie.
Analysis of Social
Media Page 1:
The social media pages for Guardians of the Galaxy aren't just focused on the
movie itself. The pages show that there is more to the Guardians of the Galaxy
franchise than movies, it shows that it’s a game and a comic. With the social
pages showing that there are comics and game about the Guardians of the
Galaxy, this may be a marketing strategy to help promote other areas of the
Guardians of the Galaxy brand. The Instagram and twitter page have a quote
that is iconic to the movie that shows that not only is the movie somewhat
comedic but that it is also PG, which tells parents that the movie is safe to watch
and their child is not at risk of hearing words they shouldn't be knowing.
Branding
Guardians of the Galaxy uses 3 of the biggest platforms to promote their movie to increase its reach. Not
all of the pages are the same, as on both Twitter and FaceBook, the profile picture is the Guardians of the
Galaxy emblem, whereas the Guardians of the Galaxy Instagram page has the movie title. The difference
between these is that both FaceBook and Twitter are promoting the Guardians of the Galaxy Brand,
whereas their Instagram Page is promoting the movie. The instagram and twitter page use a quote from
the movie to show that the movie is not just your typical Marvel action movie, but the movie has an element
of comedy to it.
Analysis of Trailer 2: Star
Wars: The Rise of Skywalker
The start of the trailer there is no age rating guidance as the Star Wars
franchise is hugely known and has a consistent age rating, meaning the
producers didn't feel that it was necessary to put the age rating at the start of
this trailer. The trailer open with production companies logo and has the sound
of nature easing the audience into the trailer. The trailer shows the main
protagonist; Rey, doing so sort of exercise/ training, while in the background
there is a soft score playing that is slowly building up to something and there is
a voice telling the audience and the characters the importance of ”The Force”.
The music suddenly gets a bit more intense and the voice changes and starts
stating the importance of togetherness. The music continues to intensify and the
voice changes and starts talking about identity while the trailer shows little parts
of the movie that tease what will happen. After this we are introduced to a voice
that is a lot more sinister, which hints at the disturbance that will occur within the
movie. After the disturbance has been shown, the trailer moves onto a fast
paced montage of bits that will happen in the movie. The trailer comes to a
close with text that says ‘The saga will end” “The story lives forever”, this states
that the movie will be the final one to close off the iconic saga, which will entice
the audience to see the movie as it is an end of an era.
Poster Analysis 2: First Official Poster for
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker
•The poster shows a clear divide between blue and red, which
could represent good versus bad, passion, death, love, peace,
happiness or sadness.
•The poster has characters in it that would suggest that they
are the main characters and the audience should be focusing
on them.
•The title is white with a blue outline, which could symbolise
that in this movie there is peace, purity, happiness and
sadness. These are all possible emotions that could occur
during this movie as it is the end of a iconic movie saga.
•The space ships in the top left of the poster suggests that
there will be some kind of uprising during the movie, and
makes it seem like something menacing will happen during the
movie.
Analysis of Social Media Page 2:
The social pages for the Rise of Skywalker film are minimalistic, this is so there are
no spoilers in the pages that would give away anything about the film to keep the
anticipation of the audience. The Rise of Skywalker Instagram page also promotes
Disney Plus, as Lucas Film who are the producers of the Star Wars saga, are owned
by Disney and as a way to market their new site to compete with the likes of Netflix,
they're using Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker to help promote that.
Branding
As we see, the branding is very clear on all social media platforms on. The logo isn’t all
the same to give a sense of variety but overall the platforms are still promoting the
same thing. The little blue tick next to the Instagram page shows that the page is
official and verified meaning it is a trusted source. The Instagram page also promotes
Disney Plus as Disney is the the owner of the production company that make the Star
Wars Saga, Lucas Film. Throughout the social media pages, there is a common colour
theme of white, black, red and blue. These colour are considered opposites to each
other, meaning that there is a possibility of opposites attracting as there’s a constant
hint towards the stereotype of opposites

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A2 migrain work

  • 2. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – MEANING: Meaning in media basically means how someone reads/interprets media text. People who read media casually would interpret media the way it is said in a news article, whereas someone who is viewing media text from a business perspective would have a more in-depth point of view as that is their job and how they make their living. Producers in the media industry create their product for their target audience, whether that be for a niche audience or a mainstream audience. Another way in which producers portray meaning is through the use of something called ‘Technical Codes’, which is where the producer uses camera angles, editing and lighting to help create and portray their product that their selling to the consumer A key technique that producers use to create meaning in their product is throught symbolic codes. Symbolic codes are cultural symbols that are ingrained into the mise-en-scene, And the mise-en-scene is all the visual representation of the media text, which are things like; costumes, lighting soundtrack and setting. Through the use of symbolic codes like mise-en-scene, the prodcuer hopes to use those elements to convey the meaning of their product to the audience
  • 3. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – MEANING: The way in which products can be perceived could be linked to Stuart Hall’s Theory of 3 different views, like how the dominant viewers would be the targeted audience of the producers product, the oppositional view is where the viewer sees another, unintended meaning within the message, the negotiated view is where the viewer has no biased to the dominate or oppositional view but finds a middle ground between both view, where they are able to find the unintended meaning within the product but is also able to understand the views of the dominant culture. An example of Stuart Hall’s Theory would be Finding Nemo where in the opening scene of the movie, Marlin wakes up from a barracuda attack on his family to find that only one of his eggs, which was Nemo, but this egg could merely be a figment of Marlin’s imagination to deal with the loss of his family, this is also supported by the fact that throughout the movie when Marlin is trying to Find Nemo, he experiences the 5 stages of grief. Another hint towards the movie being a figment of Marlin’s imagination, is the fact that Nemo means Nobody in Latin, meaning that Marlin is finding Nobody. This is the case with many Disney movies, where the movie itself portrays one thing but hidden with the movie there is a deeper meaning. This could be intentionally left in by the Disney Producers to test their audience and to see what topics of discussion come from these in-depth look into their movie and the meaning.
  • 4. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – INSTITUTIONS: A Media Institution is a company/ organization that is accountable for a media text. This could be through marketing, production or distribution. Production labels are very important to the success of a film as they have more resources to distribute their product, as the bigger the institution the more distributing power you have, which equates to more money to re-invest into other movies. Institutions like Disney have the name where no matter what film they make, they will still match their overall budget for making the movie and the money it makes from the box office. Most media texts that get recognition, are usually made within a business or industrial context that will enable this text to get a positive recognition from their target demographic. Institutions are a collective of individuals that work together in hierarchal structure to achieve a clear and defined goal.
  • 5. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – INSTITUTIONS: Disney is the biggest conglomerate in the film industry because they have the money, marketing power and are a well known company. This makes it hard for independent companys to succeed in a market that is dominated by disney. Even if an independent film company is on the rise, Disney will buy them because they have the money to and it takes out competion. This makes the movie market an oligopoly market, which means that large companies like disney buy smaller up and coming groups and intergrate them with their rostera. Oligopolies can reduce the market competition through different forms of collusion, this leads to an inflation of prices consumers. Disney is a oligopoly because it is big enough to affect the market and owns 40% of the modern movie market because they can just buy their competition, but buying film companies isnt just to stop rising competition, it also could be in response to a the decision of one of their rivals. The only competitiors to disney are media conglomerates like; News Corporation (NWS), Time Warner (TW), Dreamworks Animation SKG (DWA) and Viacom (VIA). These are the only companies that directly compete with disney in various businesses.
  • 6. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – GENRE: Products in media can always be categorised into different genres and sometimes can be categorised into more than one single genre. Genre can be identified within a media product through its unique and distinctive qualities. Within these genre’s there are also sub-genre’s which are used to decipher the narrative conventions of the product. When a product is categorised into their most suited genre, it creates a stereotypical expectation for the audience. Producers use genre as a way to structure their product and increase value. Genre is often identified through the product having a common genre to another product which helps determine the genre of the said product. The BBFC or the British Board of Film Classification, puts the age ratings on movies to ensure that content in the entertainment industry like games and films, is labelled for a minimum age group. The genre of the product can often predetermine the age rating of the product and if it falls under the average age rating, it is likely that the product won’t make profit. A genre theorist called Jason Mittel describes genre in media as ”Genre is a way of exploiting an audience who enjoy certain types of representations e.g. tabloid newspapers and the obsession with celebrity gossip which is also used as a form of synergy with programmes like “I’m a Celebrity – Get me out of Here!”. Mittell argues that industry uses genre commercially and it outlines five principles of cultural genre. He understands genre as a proposal of “cultural categories”.
  • 7. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – GENRE: Rick Altman's Genre Theory Rick Altman's Genre Theory suggests that the audience view films from 2 different elements; syntatic and semantic elements. Semantic Elements are physical objects that the audience member sees and can automatically relate that object to a spercific genre and it helps the viewer classify the product as a certain genre. An example of this is if the viewer sees a gun, then they are going to associate the gun with the action genre and classify the film as action. The semantic element of a film is considered to be the 'clear' hint towards the genre of the film. The syntatic element of a film is a lot more lowkey compared to the semantic element of the film. The syntatic element of films comes in the forms of a characters feelings, the theme of the movie and emotions that aren't clear to see. Feelings like being sad, happy or angry are considered to be syntatic elements, this element is a way to try and connect the audience with the character and to feel and understand what is happening to the character. Trying to portray emotions in a film is difficult because they are difficult to notice. A way in which a director may portray emotions such as love, Is through the use of the color red or through affectionate actions and speech between the characters.
  • 8. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – REPRESENTATION: Representation in media texts and products deal with modern day gender, age, ethnicity, religious and national identities, social issues and current events to their audience. Modern Media texts have the power to heavily influence the audience's knowledge and understanding of the event/ topic they are reading/ learning about. This make the modern media a extremely powerful tool in influencing ideologies and mindsets of the people learning or reading these texts. Representation in media is power through text and TV, because if you know the proper way to analyse; camera shots, the stereotype of the show and iconography. If you know how to analyse those aspects of TV then you can find the representation of the show/ film that the director has intentionally left in there to portray their product. Colour representation is a key aspect of representation in media, because every colour can mean a different thing depending on the theme/ genre of the product. Red- Love, passion, blood, death Black- Darkness, Depression, fear, authority White- Purity, peace, innocence Green- Nature, trees, greed, ambition, wealth, money, health Yellow- Happiness, new life, the sun Blue- Sadness, male, happiness, peace Pink- Female, love, friendship, affection Purple- Royalty, luxury Brown- Nature, reliability, stability Orange- Tropical, happiness, strength Gold- Compassion, courage, wisdom Alvorado's theory Exotic- These groups are seen as exotic and sexy, and example of a the exotic stereotype is a latino american woman is seen as a sex symbol for their choice of clothing because the media see it as 'too revealing' Dangerous- This group is seen as dangerous because violent rap has created the stereotype that black males are dangerous and violent Humorous- These types of character are often stereotyped by their origin and are usually considered the joker by what they say because it makes them look stupid or by stupid things they do Pitied- The Pitied group is the people that the audience is made to pity for, like in charity adverts like unicef, where they show us the malnurished children which makes us feel pity and persuade the audience to donate to try and help out
  • 9. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – AUDIENCE: Audience in media is who your product is targeted at, to identify your products target audience, the producer has to do research their target demographic and psychographic. They also need to determine if they are making their product for a mainstream audience or a niche audience. Stuart Hall’s reception theory shows that the producer will put in a hidden message in the product and different audience members will interpret their message in a different way, and sometimes they will interpret the producer's message in a way that the producer didn't originally intend. Stuart Hall’s Reception Theory states that the audience members will adopt one of 3 views upon the product. The dominant view of the viewers or audience is within the dominant point of view, meaning that the dominant viewers are the majority that agree on everything. Meaning that there is little misunderstanding and miscommunication, and they have the same assumptions and cultural biases. In this position of viewership that allows ideas to be understood best. The negotiated position is when the audience member or receiver, is able to decode the sender message within the context of the dominant cultural and societal views. The messages are understood, but in a different way than the dominant- hegemonic position. The receivers in the negotiated position are not necessarily working within the hegemonic viewpoint but are familiar enough with dominant society to be able to sufficiently decode cultural texts in an abstract sense. The oppositional view is when the audience member is capable of decoding the message in the way it was intended to be decoded, but based on their own societal beliefs, often sees another, unintended meaning within the message.
  • 10. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – AUDIENCE: There are many theories that look at audiences and how they think. A theory that looks to understand the actions of people in media is the Use and Gratification Theory. The Use and Gratification Theory is a theory that seeks to understand why people search the media they do and what they use this media for. Use and Gratification Theory explores the reasons for people's constant use of social media and whether it is for entertainment, relaxation, socializing. The hypodermic needle theory is an outdated theory about communication. The Hypodermic Needle Theory suggests mass media had a mass effect on audiences and that it heavily influenced people's behaviors in the 1940 and 50s. The theory suggests that the mass media could influence a large group of people directly by 'injecting' them with the appropriate messages to active and trigger a desired response. The theory expresses the fact that media is a dangerous way of communicating an idea to the reciever who is powerless to resist the impact of the message, therefore having a big influence on the reciever and altering their decisions. The Two Step Flow is a form of communication model that allows people to form their thoughts and opinions under the influence of the mass media. Through the two step flow people can affect and share their opinions to others and influence their thoughts on certain matters. Facebook is a platform where mass two step flow occurs because there are basically forms with hundreds, possibly thousands of people who share the same opinion as you and will support your view, making you believe your opinion is correct because it has been validated by hundreds of people
  • 11. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – IDEOLOGY: Ideology in media is having a set of beliefs and values that are commonly held by religious groups and are sustained by a community to live or act in a particular way. Almost all media products/ texts have ideological aspect to them and are created within the context of a dominant ideology or series of common values that are generally collectively understood by all members of a certain community. Marxists see these values as representing the interests of the dominant or ruling class and their maintenance of power. Some sort of ideology is present in all modern media texts. In modern media text, the modern media often criticize other ideologies and religions often creating a stereotype towards that Ideology/ religion as the modern media is a mostly negative place. Hegemony is a descriptive way of saying that people or ideas that seek to remain dominant in a constantly changing society. Hegemony in media is a perceived process by which certain values and ideologies are promoted through the mass media where is becomes dominant in society. Certain News outlets portray one political side based on who funds the company, for example; CNN are biased towards the left wing which is the democratic party who identify as socialists. The opposing party to the democrats are the Republicans who are on the right wing and identify as capitalist Socialism is based off the Marxist theory. Marxist Theory or Marxist Philosophy is where Karl Marx focuses on the struggle between the working class and capitalists, and he believes everyone should be treated equally rather than capitalists having control over the market and the economy. Socialism is a less radical version of the Marxist Theory and it focuses on producing, distributing and exchanging should be regulated by the community as a whole. Whereas Capitalism is both a political and economic system where the countries trade and industry are controlled by private owners for self gain rather to profit for everyone in the state.
  • 12. M.I.G.R.A.I.N – NARRATIVE: Media texts like films and advertisements usually have a plot or fixed storyline. A narrative as a whole allow us as the audience to explore how the plot/ storyline has been formulated, and how the characters in these plots and storylines are integral to how to narrative is accomplished. The concept of a narrative is used to look at the structure of a storyline. A storyline can have many different narratives within it. Vladimir Propp was a Russian academic. He studied over 100 fairy tales and concluded that there are 7 main character types, which are the following; The hero, the villain, The Donor, The Dispatcher, The Helper/Sidekick, The False Hero, The Princess. Through Propp's studies we are able to determine these outstanding characters in each narrative, which gives the plot/ storyline more structure to it. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory suggests that almost all narratives follow the same 3 part structure where it starts off with a state of equilibrium where everything is calm, peaceful and balanced, then something or someone comes along and disrupts this state of equilibrium, then finally some kind of resolution to this disruption of equilibrium is found and the state of equilibrium is restored. An example of the hero and the sidekick role is the famous dynamic between Batman and Robin. Batman is the main protagonist throughout all his films and Robin always seems to just ‘help out’ which is the role of the sidekick. Batman is always the character that is given the credit for defeating to antagonist as the sidekick is viewed only as an associate and it is clear to see in the Batman and Robin dynamic, that Batman is the more dominate figure because he is the mentor/teacher to Robin
  • 13. REFLECTION FOR MEANING Meaning helped me understand how the use of camera angle can help signify and portray our message to our demographic. Knowing the technical terms for camera angles will help us write out our instructions and will make them more specific and easier to follow and understand. Researching Meaning has helped me understand what type of audience that we should be looking at targeting and once we find that audience we should focus on basing our product for that specific audience. Stuart Halls perception theory has helped us understand the ways in which the audience could view our product from multiple different angles. Stuart Halls Reception Theory has also helped show that we could hide hidden meanings within our product to give the audience interested and have them create constant theories and keep the product alive for a longer period of time REFLECTION FOR INSTITUTIONS Researching on Institutions has helped me understand tactic's with marketing our product and how to make it appealing to a wider audience. Institutions has taught me that the importance of having a Label representing your product and that often having a Label can determine how successful the product will be, and the success of that film can also determine whether an independent will make another movie depending if they make money or lose money. I learnt that Institutions are made up of a collective of indiviuals that come together under a hierarchy structure to achieve a clear goal. Through my coursework research I have discovered that the reasons that independent film companies don't stay around for long is because of the oligopoly market that conglomerates like Disney have created.
  • 14. REFLECTION FOR GENRE Genre has helped me understand how to classify our product and what main genre our product is a sub-genre of. Through my research I have discovered that through genre we can determine our target demographic and use stereotypes of that genre to keep the target demographic interested. My genre research has taught me that our age rating plays a large factor in the success of the film as the lower the age rating, the larger audience we could have but we need to make the content suitable for children aged 12. Through my research of Jason Mittel's Exploitation of the Audience, it has helped me understand how the news likes to portray certain genre's and how they stereotype those genres. Through Rick Altman's Genre Theory I have learnt that you can portray a meaning through physical props that hint towards the plot of our product. His theory on syntatic's helps me understand ways in which we can incorporate meaning through a characters emotions. REFLECTION FOR REPRESENTATION Through my research of representation I have found out methods in which to use colors as a way of portraying our meaning to the audience. I have also learnt that different colors represent different genre's which helps narrow down what colors we were looking at incorporating. I also discovered that through the use of Alvarado's Theory we can play into what the audience by using stereotypical but different characters.
  • 15. REFLECTION FOR AUDIENCE My audience research has taught me a vast range of things like how we need to find our demographic and focus on appealing to a wider range than just the demographic. Another aspect I have learnt is that before we start filming or even planning, we need to discover whether we are making our product for the mainstream audience or whether it's for a niche audience. I have learnt that Stuart Hall's reception theory links in well with audience's in media and has taught me that producers often hide messages within the product and this message can be interoperate in many different ways depending on the audience member. Stuart Hall's reception has taught that the audience will adapt 1of 3 main views in which the audience could interoperate our product which are; The dominant view of the viewers or audience is where the dominant viewers are the majority that agree on everything. Meaning that there is little misunderstanding and miscommunication, and they have the same assumptions and cultural biases. The oppositional view is when the audience member is capable of decoding the message in the way it was intended to be decoded, but based on their own societal beliefs, often sees another, unintended meaning within the message. The two step flow taught me how products can be marketed without the use of professional marketing skills and is apart of the early stages of getting your product out there.
  • 16. REFLECTION FOR IDEOLOGY I have learnt that ideology focuses on the dominant viewing and appeasing them. Ideological texts exists in all modern text and are majority biased. Hegemony in media is the dominant ideological view that is around at the time. Hegemony in media has taught me not to sway one way on the political scale through our work and I plan to have our coursework to not to be hegemonic towards one side in politics. REFLECTION FOR NARRATIVE Through researching narrative, I have learnt that there are 7 main character's narratives that we can adapt for our coursework which are; The hero, the villain, The Donor, The Dispatcher, The Helper/Sidekick, The False Hero, The Princess. I learnt this from Vladimir Propps research on fairytales combined with Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory which explains the states of equilibrim. Tzvetan Todorov's theory on equilibrium is something I've adapted in creating the structure for our coursework and it is a guideline for our story.
  • 17. Trailer Research: What is a trailer/teaser trailer? Why are they used? A teaser trailer is a short video that offers a little understanding of the plot, shows the characters, actors or gameplay for a movie or video game. A trailer is used to commercially advertise a feature film that will be exhibited in a cinema in the future. How have trailers evolved over the years? In the 1930s the National Screening Services (NSS) exclusively developed movie trailers. Originally trailers were put at the end of the movies to be a sort of recap for the movie, but eventually the NSS decided to make trailers into previews for the films before they come out as a result of people leaving to movie theatre right after the movie finishes, which meant the recap for the movie was a waste of time and money as people didn't acknowledge it. In the early 1960s, textless, montage trailers became popular, this was due to the progression of the “New Hollywood” and techniques like quick-editing became increasingly popular in television.
  • 18. Trailer Research: How have movie trailers become more contemporary? Movie trailers have become more contemporary through evolution of technology over the years, in the modern era of film, you can view trailers in a number of different ways like before the movie your about to watch or on your smartphone. Another aspect in which movie trailers have become more contemporary is through the evolution and expansion of social media. Through the use of social media, producers and promoters can keep fans informed about updates with the movie, releases and anything else that could be associated with the movie. Social media can be used to gain traction and hype for the movie, and with social media platforms like Facebook, where there is a dedicated page that fans can follow and promote, this enables the movie to gain traction because of people sharing it and its able to reach a wider audience What makes a good trailer? What makes a good trailer is subjective, because every member will have a different view point on the trailer, but there are attributes to a movie trailer that can make it appeasing to a large audience. The trailer should have a good middle ground between sharing enough of the plot that keeps the audience enticed but also doesn't spoil too much so it pushes away the audience. The trailer should showcase some of the main characters but not all, this will also provide a pleasant shock factor to the viewer when they discover there’s more characters than they were lead to believe. The trailer should focus on the emotional tone of the movie, which will make the audience excited to view whatever the trailer is trying to sell to them, as the trailer makes the audience feel apart of the adventure.
  • 19. Trailer Research: Are independent films up to the same standard as Conglomerates? Independent films aren’t up to the same standard to film produced by conglomerates because these independent don’t have the influence that the conglomerates have and they don’t have the large production and marketing budget that these conglomerates have, which makes it harder for these independents to gain recognition. Why do films include movie posters? Film poster have a variety of purposes and because of their versatility this makes them a vital tool in the success of a film. A movie posters predominate purpose is to advertise and inform the audience of an upcoming film, they advertise important and attention grabbing details like; release date, actors and the age rating it has been given by the BBFC. Why is it important to include branding across movie promotional packs? Brand promotional packaging is a useful marketing strategy that helps sell the product to the audience by making the product seem more desirable to the audience. Branding is another vital aspect, as making an eye grabbing packaging is essential to keeping the audience’s attention and will conglomerates customer satisfaction and if branding goes well, it could entice the consumer to build a sense of loyalty to the brand
  • 20. Trailer- 3 Act Structure Establishing Part movie and is where some of the main characters are to be introduced to the viewer. In this part of the trailer there should be a sense of intensity building through the producers choice of music to build anticipation. Disturbance The disturbance is the part in the trailer when the music that builds the tension should release that tension and have the music playing that suits the genre of the disturbance. The disturbance segment of the trailer should give the viewer an idea of what the issue in the movie is, through some sort of conflict or an issue that relates to the genre of the movie. Montage The montage section of the trailer usually consists of a range of fast pace clips that happen throughout the movie that are edited together to tease the audience and make them want to see the movie because of this segment. The Montage section shouldn't reveal to much of what happens through these clips as it keeps the audiences interest as they don’t know the final outcome of each clip
  • 21. Analysis of Trailer 1: Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy At the very start of the trailer it displays the age rating of the movie with the official name of the corporation that gave them those age ratings. From the get go of the trailer, there is music that builds the intensity till the climax, but in the starting climax, the trailer incorporates humour into it, which is a good way of keeping the attention of the viewers. After the first initial build up and climax, the conglomerate that produced this movie’s logo is displayed. As Guardians of the Galaxy is a Marvel film, it was bound to get a larger amount of recognition due to Marvel having a massive fan base and this film being a completely new thing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). After the Marvel credits role, the viewers are given a introduction to some of the main character's in this with a brief look into their background. After the character’s introduction, it briefly shows a conflict between on of the main characters and a unknown blue man. The conflict between the 2 character’s initiates the start of the short but fast pace montage, which gives the audience a look at a few more unknown characters and an intense action sequence that leaves viewers excited and in anticipation to go watch the movie, but instead of leaving it their, the trailer goes back to the introduction of the characters and adds some more comedy to give the viewers even more reason to watch this movie.
  • 22. Analysis of Social Media Page 1: The social media pages for Guardians of the Galaxy aren't just focused on the movie itself. The pages show that there is more to the Guardians of the Galaxy franchise than movies, it shows that it’s a game and a comic. With the social pages showing that there are comics and game about the Guardians of the Galaxy, this may be a marketing strategy to help promote other areas of the Guardians of the Galaxy brand. The Instagram and twitter page have a quote that is iconic to the movie that shows that not only is the movie somewhat comedic but that it is also PG, which tells parents that the movie is safe to watch and their child is not at risk of hearing words they shouldn't be knowing.
  • 23. Branding Guardians of the Galaxy uses 3 of the biggest platforms to promote their movie to increase its reach. Not all of the pages are the same, as on both Twitter and FaceBook, the profile picture is the Guardians of the Galaxy emblem, whereas the Guardians of the Galaxy Instagram page has the movie title. The difference between these is that both FaceBook and Twitter are promoting the Guardians of the Galaxy Brand, whereas their Instagram Page is promoting the movie. The instagram and twitter page use a quote from the movie to show that the movie is not just your typical Marvel action movie, but the movie has an element of comedy to it.
  • 24. Analysis of Trailer 2: Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker The start of the trailer there is no age rating guidance as the Star Wars franchise is hugely known and has a consistent age rating, meaning the producers didn't feel that it was necessary to put the age rating at the start of this trailer. The trailer open with production companies logo and has the sound of nature easing the audience into the trailer. The trailer shows the main protagonist; Rey, doing so sort of exercise/ training, while in the background there is a soft score playing that is slowly building up to something and there is a voice telling the audience and the characters the importance of ”The Force”. The music suddenly gets a bit more intense and the voice changes and starts stating the importance of togetherness. The music continues to intensify and the voice changes and starts talking about identity while the trailer shows little parts of the movie that tease what will happen. After this we are introduced to a voice that is a lot more sinister, which hints at the disturbance that will occur within the movie. After the disturbance has been shown, the trailer moves onto a fast paced montage of bits that will happen in the movie. The trailer comes to a close with text that says ‘The saga will end” “The story lives forever”, this states that the movie will be the final one to close off the iconic saga, which will entice the audience to see the movie as it is an end of an era.
  • 25. Poster Analysis 2: First Official Poster for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker •The poster shows a clear divide between blue and red, which could represent good versus bad, passion, death, love, peace, happiness or sadness. •The poster has characters in it that would suggest that they are the main characters and the audience should be focusing on them. •The title is white with a blue outline, which could symbolise that in this movie there is peace, purity, happiness and sadness. These are all possible emotions that could occur during this movie as it is the end of a iconic movie saga. •The space ships in the top left of the poster suggests that there will be some kind of uprising during the movie, and makes it seem like something menacing will happen during the movie.
  • 26. Analysis of Social Media Page 2: The social pages for the Rise of Skywalker film are minimalistic, this is so there are no spoilers in the pages that would give away anything about the film to keep the anticipation of the audience. The Rise of Skywalker Instagram page also promotes Disney Plus, as Lucas Film who are the producers of the Star Wars saga, are owned by Disney and as a way to market their new site to compete with the likes of Netflix, they're using Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker to help promote that.
  • 27. Branding As we see, the branding is very clear on all social media platforms on. The logo isn’t all the same to give a sense of variety but overall the platforms are still promoting the same thing. The little blue tick next to the Instagram page shows that the page is official and verified meaning it is a trusted source. The Instagram page also promotes Disney Plus as Disney is the the owner of the production company that make the Star Wars Saga, Lucas Film. Throughout the social media pages, there is a common colour theme of white, black, red and blue. These colour are considered opposites to each other, meaning that there is a possibility of opposites attracting as there’s a constant hint towards the stereotype of opposites