Folks, this information is crucial and fundamental especially if a person is about to become part of the Human Resource Domain. Who this information is for : anyone who has a project, assignment, homework on the given topic. anyone who thinks that the factories act 1948 is important and would like to learn more about it anyone who is required to work in a factory anyone interested in Industrial relations, Leadership, Business and Management anyone owning a manufacturing a business anyone responsible for ensuring that factories comply with the safety and health provisions of the Factories Act, of 1948. anyone interested in starting a factory whereon ten or more workers are working. Hope this helps. Thank you!

1. The
Factories
Act 1948
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
By Maithili Koparde
01

2. Introduction
Factories Act, 1948
The Factories Act, 1948 is a social
legislation which has been enacted for
occupational safety, health and welfare of
workers at work places.
The objective of the Act is to regulate the
conditions of work in manufacturing
establishments coming within the
definition of the term 'factory' as used in
the Act.
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3. Objective
The main objectives of the Indian Factories Act, 1948 are to regulate the
working conditions in factories, to regulate health, safety welfare, and
annual leave and enact special provision in respect of young persons,
women and children who work in the factories.
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4. Provisions related
to Working
Conditions
Working Hours
According to the provision of working hours of
adults, no adult worker shall be required or allowed
to work in a factory for more than 48 hours in a
week. There should be a weekly holiday.
Health
For protecting the health of workers, the Act lays
down that every factory shall be kept clean and all
necessary precautions shall be taken in this regard.
The factories should have proper drainage system,
adequate lighting, ventilation, temperature etc.
04

5. Safety
In order to provide safety to the workers, the Act provides that the
machinery should be fenced, no young person shall work at any
dangerous machine, in confined spaces, there should be provision
for man­
holes of adequate size so that in case of emergency the
workers can escape.
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6. Welfare
For the welfare of the workers, the Act
provides that in every factory adequate and
suitable facilities for washing should be
provided and maintained for the use of
workers.
Penalties
The provisions of The Factories Act, 1948, or
any rules made under the Act, or any order
given in writing under the Act is violated, it
is treated as an offence.
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7. WELFARE
MEASURES
The welfare measures are defined in the same way as defined by the I.L.O. at its
Asian Regional Conference,
"A term which is understood to include such services, facilities and amenities as
may be established in or in the vicinity of undertakings to enable the persons
employed in them to perform their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and to
provide them with amenities conducive to good health and high morale."
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8. Welfare Provisions
in the Factories
Act
08

9. Washing facilities
The Factories Act provides for -
adequate and suitable facilities for washing for the use of
workers in the factories. The workers who live in crowded areas
have inadequate facilities for washing at their homes, and
bathing facilities add to their comfort, health and efficiency
Facilities for storing and drying clothes
A suitable place for keeping clothes not worn during working
hours shall be provided in every factory. Facilities shall also be
provided for the drying of wet clothes.
Facilities for sitting
For workers who are to work in a standing position, suitable
arrangement for sitting shall be provided in the factories. This is
to enable workers to take advantage of any opportunity for rest
which may occur in the course of their work.
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10. First-aid appliances
First-aid boxes or cupboards equipped with the required
contents should be provided for workers in every factory. This
should be readily accessible to them during all working hours.
The number of such first aid boxes shall not be less than one for
every 150 workers employed in the factory
Canteens
In factories employing more than 250 workers, there shall be a
canteen for the use of workers.
Shelters, restrooms and lunch rooms
Adequate and suitable shelters, rest rooms, and lunch rooms
with drinking water facility shall be made in factories employing
150 workers or more. Workers can eat meals brought by them in
such rooms. Rest and lunch rooms shall be sufficiently lighted
and ventilated. It shall be maintained in cool and clean
conditions.
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11. Creches Welfare Officer
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12. Provisions Regarding
Health of the Factory
Workers
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13. Cleanliness of the
factory premises
Every factory shall be kept clean and free
from effluvia arising from any drain,
privy or other nuisance.
01
Accumulations of dirt and refuse shall be
removed daily, by sweeping or any other
method, from the floors and benches of work
rooms and from stair cases and passages, and
disposed off in a suitable manner;
02
The floor of every room shall be cleaned.
This shall be done at least once every
week by washing, using disinfectant or
by some other effective method;
03

14. Cleanliness of the
factory premises
Where a floor is liable to
become wet in the course of
any manufacturing process to
such an extent as is capable of
being drained, effective means
of drainage shall be provided.
04

15. Disposal of Wastes and Effluents
Effective arrangement shall be made for the
disposal of wastes and effluents arising out of
manufacturing process in the factories
02
Ventilation and Temperature
Adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh
air, Such a temperature as will secure to workers
reasonable conditions of comfort, and prevent
injury to health.
03
Dust and Fume
In every factory, where due to manufacturing process, dust or
fume or other impurity arise which is likely to be injurious to
the health of workers employed, effective measures shall be
taken to prevent its inhalation, and accumulation in any
workroom.
04
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16. Artificial humidification
Artificial creation of humidity is employed in India in cotton textile mills and in
cigarette making factories. In respect of factories, where humidity of the air is
artificially increased
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Overcrowding
No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to such an extent which becomes
injurious to the health of the workers employed therein. The Chief Inspector of
factories by order in writing shall fix the maximum number of workers to be
employed in each room in the factory.
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Lighting
The Factories Act provides for sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or
artificial where workers are working or passing through. Provision of cleaning
of inner and outer surface is provided for all glazed windows and skylights used
for the lighting of the workrooms.
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16

17. Drinking Water
In every factory, effective arrangement shall be made at suitable places for sufficient
supply of wholesome drinking water. Such places shall be legibly marked ‘Drinking Water’
in a language understood by a majority of the workers employed in the factory. In case of
factories employing more than 250 workers, provisions shall be made for cooling drinking
water during hot weather by effective means, and for its distribution.
05
Latrines and Urinals
The Factories Act requires that provision should be made for –
a) Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation conveniently situated and accessible to
workers while they are in the factory;
b) Separate enclosed accommodation for male and female workers
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Spittoons
Sufficient number of spittoons must be provided in every factory and maintained in clean
and hygienic condition. No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except in the
spittoons. A notice containing this provision and the penalty for its violation shall be
prominently displayed at suitable places in the factory premises.
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17

18. Safety Provisions
in the Factories
Act
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19. Work on or near
Machinery in Motion
Where in any factory, it
becomes necessary to
examine any part of
machinery, while the
machinery is in motion, such
examination shall be carried
out only by specially trained
adult male workers.
02
Fencing of Machinery
In every factory, measures
should be taken for secured
fencing of machinery.
Safeguards of substantial
construction must be raised
and constantly maintained
and kept in position while the
parts of machinery (they are
fencing) are in motion or in
use.
01
Employment of Young
Persons on Dangerous
Machines
The Factories Act prohibits
employment of young persons
on certain types of machines
as specified under Sec.23 of
the Act.
03
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20. Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off
Power
In every factory —
Suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliances shall be provided and
maintained, and used to move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys which form
part of transmission machinery. Such gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed
and maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on to the fast pulley.
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21. Self-acting Machine
No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory, and no material carried thereon
shall, if the space over which it runs, is a space cover which any person is liable to pass,
whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be allowed to run on its outward or
inward traverse within a distance of eighteen inches from any fixed structure which is not a
part of the machine. This is to safeguard the workers from being injured by self acting
machines.
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22. Casing of New Machinery
Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel, or pinion shall be so sunk,
encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger in all machinery driven by power and
installed in the factory.
The State government is authorized to make rules specifying further safeguards to be provided in
respect of any dangerous part of any particular machine or class or description of machines in this
connection.
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23. Prohibition of Employment of Women
and Children near Cotton openers
No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory
where pressing a cotton–opener is at work.
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24. Hoists and Lifts
In every factory
i) Hoists and lifts shall be of good mechanical construction, sound material and of
adequate strength
ii) They shall be properly maintained, and shall be thoroughly examined by a
competent person at least once in every period of six months. A register shall be kept
containing the prescribed particulars of each such examination
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25. And more...
Pressure Plant
Revolving Machinery
Pits, Sumps, openings in floor
etc.
Floors, Stairs, and Means of
Access
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Excessive Weights Protection of Eyes

26. And more...
Precautions in case of fire -
Precautions against
Dangerous Fumes and use of
Portable Light
Safety of Building and
Machinery
Explosive or Inflammable
Dust, Gas etc.
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27. Welfare facilities outside
factory premises
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28. Maternity benefits
Medical benefits
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Gratuity, pension and provident fund
benefits;
Educational facilities
Housing facilities
Library and reading rooms;
Transportation facility to and from
the place of work.

29. CONCLUSION
There is a close relationship between safety measures and the efficiency of workers i.e. if the proper
welfare measures are taken then the productivity of the employees will increase and ultimately the
profit of the organization will increase.
Efficiency results in increasing the average output per worker. It is reflected in increased
productivity. The welfare measures increases the productivity of the organization as well as it
enhances the morale and motivation of the employees which gives a positive impact on the efficiency
level of the organization.
These measures are concerned not only with the physical efficiency, and safety of the workers, but
also his general well being. They result in improving the conditions under which workers are
employed and work. It provides protection to their life and limb.
Inadequate provision of safety measures in factories may lead to increase in the number of accidents.
Human failures due to carelessness, ignorance, inadequate skill and improper supervision have also
contributed to accidents and the consequent need for such measures.
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30. THANK YOU!