2. Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
benign tumors, In contrast do not spread.
Possible signs and symptoms include a lump,
abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough,
unexplained weight loss, and a change
in bowel movements
Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.
3. Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer
deaths.
Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack
of physical activity or excessive
drinking of alcohol.
Other factors include certain infections,
exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental
pollutants
n the developing world, 15% of cancers are due
to infections such as Helicobacter
pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human
papillomavirus infection, Epstein–Barr
virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to
inherited genetic defects from a person's parents
4. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and
symptoms or screening tests.
It is then typically further investigated
by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.
5. Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking,
maintaining a healthy weight,
not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty
of vegetables, fruits and whole
grains, vaccination against certain infectious
diseases,
not eating too much processed and red meatand
avoiding too much sunlight exposure.
Early detection through screening is useful
for cervical and colorectal cancer.
Cancer is often treated with some combination
of radiation therapy,
surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
6. In 2015, about 90.5 million people had cancer.
About 14.1 million new cases occur a year (not
including skin cancer other than melanoma).
It caused about 8.8 million deaths (15.7%
of deaths).
The most common types of cancer in males
are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal
cancer and stomach cancer
In females, the most common types are breast
cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and
cervical cancer.
7. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in
total new cancer cases each year, it would account
for around 40% of cases.
In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain
tumorsare most common, except in Africa where non-
Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often.
In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age
were diagnosed with cancer
The risk of cancer increases significantly with age,
and many cancers occur more commonly in
developed countries.
Rates are increasing as more people live to an old
age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing
world
The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16
trillion USD per year as of 2010.
8. Cell growth and division absent the proper
signals
Continuous growth and division even given
contrary signals
Avoidance of programmed cell death
Limitless number of cell divisions
Promoting blood vessel construction
Invasion of tissue and formation
of metastases
11. Concentration of response actions on acute conditions, infectious
diseases, obtaining shelter, food and water, and mitigating
injuries;
Weaken of immune system in some cases of cancers;
Less of information among cancer patient in the first phase of
disaster due to infrastructure corruptions;
Lack of disaster knowledge among cancer caregivers.
In disasters hospitals and other healthcare infrastructures may be
destroyed, wiping out their medical records, and both physicians
and patients may be forced to flee;
Cancer patients are vulnerable to disaster consequences;
Lapses in treatment can have an effect on treatment outcomes;
Disruption of communication systems;
Lack of treatment history;
Lack of treatment space;
Cancer care is complex. Patients don’t always knows their exact
diagnosis and stage, names of the chemotherapy drugs they are
receiving, or where they are in their treatment cycle.
12. Obtaining cancer treatments difficulty;
Inadequate access to transportation;
Factors that were found to contribute to delay in
receiving treatment were an asymptomatic
period caused by a slow growing tumor;
Response focused on acute care;
Decreasing medical resources such as fewer
clinics, medical care providers, and hospitals,
and reducing access to prescription medications.
Lack of enough information between patients;
Difficulty of evacuation for chronic patient;
impacting interactions between providers,
providers and their patients, and provider
agencies and governmental agencies due to
communication collapse.
13.
Limited access to physicians; limited access
to medication; financial/insurance problems;
Problems with transportation.
Chronic illnesses are exacerbated by the
conditions
caused by a disaster (e.g., lack of food, lack
of clean water, extremes of cold or heat,
physical and mental stress, injury, exposure
to infection)
Lack of access to routine health care is a
leading cause of mortality after disasters.
14. Social isolation is an important challenge for
cancer patients in disasters and may
contribute to delays;
Social isolation also increases the risk of
experiencing provider delay
15. these patients should be careful to prevent
accidents or infection that may be particularly
hazardous given their chronic disease status
Keep your medication logs, with the name and
dose of the medication;
If you have received systemic therapy that could
possibly impair your immune system, avoid clean
up in the disaster area;
Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
In cancer treatment, contact with colleagues is a
very important part of the process;
We need to educate patient about their disease,
their treatment, and how to get the resources
they need if uprooted again;
16. Contact information for doctors should be known
before a disaster occurs.
Outreach programs can improve access to cancer
care through various mechanisms such as mobile
clinics that will provide patient access to
oncologists at local sites on a scheduled basis or
through dedicated transportation services that
can provide scheduled pickup and drop-offs at
local sites.
incorporate knowledge of local chronic care
needs and build the capacity of community
members to participate in planning and
response.
