Primary Care Ultrasound
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Primary Care about Ultrasound Scanners
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Primary Care Ultrasound
- 1. Primary Care Ultrasound Basic Ultrasound Review
- 2. 2 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 The "gain" function on an ultrasound system controls:
- 3. B-Mode Optimization The internal structures and boarders of these 2 lesions were enhanced by layering both CrossXBeam and SRI-HD technologies 3 Depth – allows you to scan deeper or more superficially Frequency – balances resolution and penetration Gain – increases/decreases overall brightness TGC – increases/decreases brightness to specific area on image 3
- 4. 4 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What is TGC?
- 5. Time Gain Compensation (TGC) Helps compensate for attenuation For Internal Use Only.
- 6. 6 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 Diagnostic ultrasound frequency
- 7. Transducers are characterized by their frequency. • High frequency probes - good resolution, poor penetration. • Low frequency probes - good penetration, poor resolution. High Frequency Low Frequency For Internal Use Only.
- 8. 8 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What does Color Doppler mode provide?
- 9. 9 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 Why would ultrasound be preferred over other imaging modes?
- 10. Advantages of Ultrasound • Portable • Relatively inexpensive • Non-invasive • Non-ionizing radiation • No Magnets • Relatively quick • Dynamic and Real-time • Easy side-by-side imaging For Internal Use Only.
- 11. 11 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 Hypo-echoic Hyper-echoic Anechoic Iso-echoic
- 12. 12 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What is attenuation?
- 13. Attenuation The weakening of the ultrasound wave as it passes through tissue and returns to the sound source. • High frequency ultrasound pulses are attenuated faster than low frequency ultrasound pulses. • Low frequency ultrasound pulses are attenuated slower than high frequency ultrasound pulses. Sound BeamReturning Echo For Internal Use Only.
- 14. 14 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What is resolution?
- 15. Resolution Poor Resolution Good Resolution For Internal Use Only.
- 16. 16 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 In general, what do the colors mean in color Doppler?
- 17. Color Doppler The result is an image with colors representing the average velocities (color is an overlay over the B-Mode image). Jugular Vein Flow away from the Transducer (from Left to right. Carotid Artery Flow towards the Transducer from right to left. General direction of ultrasound beam. The colors in the image match the colors of the color bar – red towards, blue away.
- 18. 18 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 Why use high frequency probes?
- 19. 19 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 When would you want to use lower frequency probes?
- 20. 20 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What is the difference between color and power Doppler?
- 21. Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) • Uses intensity to map the flow information. • Does not provide velocity information. • Is less angle dependent than Color Doppler • Is not subject to aliasing. • It appears to be more sensitive to slow flow states and flow in small vessels. • Can help answer the question – Is there flow? 21
- 22. 22 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 What kind of probe is generally used to image the abdomen?
- 23. 23 GE Title or job number 3/30/2018 A linear array probe is most often used for:
Editor's Notes
- What does TGC compensate for – attenuation Frequency – always use the highest frequency that will still provide adequate penetration
- And using this frequency information is how we characterize transducers….. When you pull that slinky apart look how far it can go – fewer waveforms - low frequency = increased penetration but decreased resolution When you push the slinky together, it is compressed – more waveforms – higher frequency = decreased penetration but increassed resolution
- The ultrasound pulse acts in very much the same way. The energy or intensity of the pulse is much stronger on the way out of the probe than way back. In theory, the further the ultrasound pulse travels, the less energy it will bring back to the probe. What system feature can help overcome the affects of attenuation? So we want ultrasound to reflect off of some anatomy and return to the transducer, and that it becomes weaker as it travels from the probe and back. We also know that ultrasound can also be scattered as it bounces off multiple interfaces or absorbed by the tissues it travels through.
- If you compare the two images above you can clearly see the difference that a higher frequency vs a lower frequency probe can make. Pins on left barely discernable Image on left blurry. Tissue in phantom is ill-defined. Pins on right clearly visible as separate pins. They are sharp. Whole image is clearer. Notice on the right that the bottom of the image is dark. Though the resolution is much better with the higher frequency we have lost penetration.
- Intensity is displayed by brighter colors, or colors closer to white. Aliasing is an artifact that is seen both in color and spectral doppler modalities. It reflects the point at which the maximum measurable velocity has been reached for a given PRF and Gain setting.