GRADE 9 NATURAL SCIENCES

1. CELLS AS A BASIC
UNIT OF LIFE
GRADE 09 NATURAL SCIENCES
PRESENTATION

2. WHAT ARE CELLS ?
• Cells are the building blocks of all living species, including plants, animals,
bacteria, and fungus. Cells are the tiniest components of all living beings.When
we look at all of the living things on the planet, we can observe that there are two
basic groups based on the architecture of their cells. (Maurya,A.,2015).
• The existence of a nucleus is the most significant structural variation. Eukaryotic
cells have nuclei, but prokaryotic cells lack one. This chapter will focus on
eukaryotic cells, which comprise creatures such as plants and animals. Bacteria
are examples of creatures with prokaryotic cells.

3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS
• Your body is made up of several types of cells. Your cells are said to be specialised
to execute a certain purpose. Depending on the cell's role, it may be specialised
by having a distinct form or size, or it may contain some components that other
cells do not have. Despite the fact that there are many distinct types of cells, there
are some cell structure components that are shared by all cells
(Rohitgautam10583.,2023).
• As previously stated, all cells share some structures. They are as follows: a cellular
membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus is found in the majority of eukaryotic cells.

4. ADAPTATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THESE
COMMON CELLS
CELL FUNCTION
Cell membranes A cell membrane surrounds all cells. The cell
membrane is a thin covering that encloses the
contents of the cell and isolates it from its
surroundings. The cell membrane regulates
which chemicals can enter and exit the cell.
Cytoplasm The cytoplasm contains all live elements of the
cell that are contained within the cell membrane
but do not include the nucleus.
Nucleus The DNA is surrounded by a double membrane
known as the nuclear membrane. This nuclear
membrane has pores (holes) through which
chemicals can travel.Inside the nucleus is a
nucleolus. This is frequently visible as a darker
region within the nucleus.The DNA provides
information on inherited (hereditary) features,
such as whether the person will have blue,
brown, or green eyes (AbhinashBSingh,2022).

5. STRUCTURE OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL

6. ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
No cell wall Has cell wall
No chloroplast Rigid shape and has chloroplast
Cells differ in shape and size
Your body contains a great number of specialised cells, meaning they have different functions. They
have differences in their structures allowing them to have different functions. We say they have
differentiated.
Specialised cell Function
Epithelia Cell They mostly flat
They cover the surface of the body for protection
Muscle cell Some are long and spindle shaped
Can contract and relax allowing movement within your body
Nerve cell Very long and have branched ends
Specialised to carry messages that coordinate the functions of
the body
Red blood cells Round & biconcave shape
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

7. SUMMARY
• An organ is made up of a variety of tissues.
• Organs that collaborate in groups create systems or organ systems.
• An organism, such as a human, is made up of organ systems.
• Cells are the structural and functional building blocks of all living entities
(Patil,V.,2011).
• Cells are tiny and only visible under a microscope.
• Cell membranes, cytoplasm, a nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and,
in certain cases, vacuoles are found in both plant and animal cells (Jell de
Veas,2010).
• Cells come in many different shapes and sizes.

8. REFERENCE
• AbhinashBSingh,2022.Slideshare. Cell structure and functions,105 (3),pp. 5
• Jell de Veas,2010.Slideshare. Cells ppt.presentation,96(5),pp.6-10
• Maurya,A.,2015. Cell (The function and structural unit of life) Class-8th,pp5-10
• Patil,V.,2011.Slideshare. cell the unit of life,pp22-21
• Rohitgautam10583.,2023.Slideshare. Cell Structure and Function.pdf,pp.3-6