2. LAND REFORMS
The measures implemented in order to solve
the problems with regard to land holdings
are called Land Reforms. Land is an essential
part of man’s life. He depends on the land for
his existence. However, land has not been
distributed in equal measure to all
communities.
Land reforms were undertaken in order to
remove this inequality in land ownership.
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3. Many questions were raised by the farmers’ and
dalits’ movements about land distribution. Many
movements took place demanding provision of
land for the landless. The land reforms that were
put into practice as a result of these movements
areas follows:
1. Abolition of the Zamindari system
2 .Reforms in the Tenancy system
3. Maximum Limit on Landholdings
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4. 4 .Creation of Economic holdings
5 .Development of Co-operative farming
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5. BACKWARD CLASSES COMMISSIONS
The Indian society abounds in inequality. Due
to the hierarchical caste system, many castes
have remained backward from times
immemorial.
. After the arrival of theBritish in India, a new
social mobility began to be seen.
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6. • For the first time in India, during the reign
of Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV, a Backward Class
Commission was appointed in 1918 under
the chairmanship of Justice Lesley C.Miller.
The
committee opined that if there are five or
more than that number knowing English in a
community, then it is a progressive one. The
first Reservation rule came into force in 1921.
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7. Chief Minister D.Devaraj Urs appointed the
first Backward Classes Commission under the
chairmanship of L.G.Havanur in 1975. The
percentage of students of different castes
who
passed in the S.S.L.C. examination in 1975
was taken as the criterion for determining
the backwardness of those castes.
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9. • All the reservation policies issued with
regard to the backward classes till now have
been only compromises, and have not been
based on any recommendations of a
scientific study.
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10. PANCHAYAT RAJ SYSTEM
Panchayat Raj system can be defined as the
decentralization of administration. It aims at giving
authority to the local people to participate in
administration and take decisions. Though ancient
India had a tradition of local self-government, after
independence, the system was given constitutional
mandate. In 1955, the Central government formed
a committee under the chairmanship of Balwantrai
Mehta.
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11. • According to the new law, the three levels of
the
administrative system are
• Gram Panchayat
• Taluk Panchayat
• Zilla Panchayat
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12. The Janata government that came to power
in Karnataka in 1983, brought about
revolutionary changes in the Panchayat Raj
system.
The architect of this system was the Minister
for Panchayat Raj Sri Nazeer Sab. This system
created many opportunities for the dalits,
people of backward classes and women to
participate in self government .
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