1. ISSN: 2277 – 9043
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2012
Design and Development Model of Solar Grid
Tied Photovoltaic Power Inverter for Nagpur
Mr. Chandrasen S Janjal, Dr. K. B. Khanchandani
 The PV maximum output power is dependent on the
Abstract— Looking at the present scenario which conveys to operating conditions and varies from moment to moment due
the fact of severe crises in conventional energy sources thus to temperature, shading, cloud cover, and time of day so
keeping in mind the golden rule of ‘ENERGY SAVED IS tracking and adjusting for this maximum power point is a
ENERGY GENERATED’, The main goal in Design and
development of solar grid tied photovoltaic (PV) power inverter
continuous process. For systems with battery energy storage,
tries to solve the above said problem. Our aim is to use the controller can control the charging as well as switch over
renewable electrical energy sources like solar energy which help to battery power once the sun sets or cloud cover reduces the
us to save energy of electricity board but will also help to save PV output power.
the countries conventional resources which are required for the The controller contains advanced peripherals like high
generation of electrical energy coals, etc. This model is based on precision PWM outputs and ADCs for implementing control
energy conditions instead of power conditions. There are shown
the two main trends that are typically used in the design process
loops. The ADC measures variables, such as the PV output
and the calculation of the two main components of the system voltage and current, and then adjusts the DC/DC or DC/AC
(generator and inverter). An example of the design for a system converter by changing the PWM duty cycle. The ARM micro
located in Nagpur-India is studied controllers/processors in particular is designed to read the
ADC and adjust the PWM within a single clock cycle, so real
time control is possible. Communications on a simple system
Index Terms— Energy conditions, design- dimensioning, grid can be handled by a single processor, more elaborate systems
connected PV system.
with complex displays and reporting on consumption and
feed-in-tariff pay back may require a secondary processor.
I. INTRODUCTION
For safety reasons, isolation between the processor and the
In a solar grid tied photovoltaic power inverter station current and voltage is also required, as well as on the
schematized as is shown in figure 1 can be distinguish communications bus to the outside world. By using this
differenced functional blocks. The solar inverter is a critical inverter the consumer can generate revenue which in turn
component in a solar energy system. It performs the recovery of the capital cost of the system.
conversion of the variable DC output of the Photovoltaic
(PV) module(s) into a clean sinusoidal 50- Hz AC current
that is then applied directly to the commercial electrical grid
or to a local, off-grid electrical network. Typically,
communications capability is included so users can monitor
the inverter and report on power and operating conditions,
provide firmware updates and control the inverter grid
connection. Depending on the grid infrastructure wired or
wireless networking options can be used.
At the heart of the inverter is a real-time microcontroller.
The controller executes the very precise algorithms required
to invert the DC voltage generated by the solar module into
AC. This controller is programmed to perform the control
loops necessary for all the power management functions
necessary including DC/DC and DC/AC. The controller also
maximizes the power output from the PV through complex
algorithms called maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Figure1. Block diagram of solar grid tied photovoltaic power
inverter
Manuscript received April 25, 2012.
Chandrasen S Janjal, Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, S. S. G. M. College of Engineering.,
Shegaon, India, 9970093081.
Dr. K. B. Khanchandani, Professor & Head Department of Electronics II. SOLAR ENERGY
and Telecommunication Engineering, S. S. G. M. College of Engineering.,
Shegaon, India, 7385300296.
Solar power is a way of converting sunlight into useful
. energy sources. There are two way of using solar energy as
All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE
146

2. ISSN: 2277 – 9043
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2012
heat and as electricity. Solar energy is available in abundance detect the fault condition.
in most parts of the world. The amount of solar energy  Driver stages: driving stage consist of necessary
incident on the earth’s surface is approximately1.5 x 1018 circuit for driving the MOSFET.
kWh/year, which is about 10,000 times the current annual  I/V sensing: current n voltage sensing is used for
energy consumption of the entire world. The density of MPPT charger n for providing protection. this stage
power radiated from the sun (referred to as solar energy consist of potential divider arrangement for
constant) is 1.373 kW/m2. Into figure 2 the represents the attenuating the signal and Operational amplifier
energy due to a solar radiation at a typical day. The energy stage to increase the gain of weak signals
due to an irradiance of 1000W=m2.  Signal conditioning and isolation: the output I/V
consist of noise which is required to be filtered out,
so signal conditioning stage is implemented. Since
the Microcontroller is operated on low voltage (3.3
volts) proper isolation is required to protect the
Microcontroller from higher voltage levels.
IV. SURFACE METEOROLOGY & SOLAR ENERGY
Nagpur in Maharashtra will be developed as India’s first
solar city. Nagpur will become a solar city by 2012. Up to 10
percent of energy consumption of this city has been targeted
to be met through renewable energy and energy efficiency
measures. Solar energy systems, including street lights,
Figure2. Irradiance
garden lights, traffic lights, hoardings and solar water heaters
will be installed in the city.
III. DIMENSIONING FOR PV INVERTER COMPONENTS The figure 4 shows that the Monthly Averaged
Into figure 3 the represents complete overview of grid tied Insulation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/day)
photovoltaic power inverter particular to that location is 5.05 KWh/m2/day.
Figure4. Monthly Averaged Insulation in Nagpur
Figure3. Overview of grid tied photovoltaic power inverter
 M.P.P.T charger: Maximum power point tracking
method is used to increase the efficiency of solar
panel during delivering the power to load / battery. V. CONCLUSION
In this method the product of voltage and current is This paper proposed a PV generation system, using a
continuously observed. Single-phase solar grid tied photovoltaic power inverter work
 DC – AC Inverter (Boost): In this stage the voltage is will give a clear idea about the factors influencing the
stepped up, by converting DC input to AC output. Interconnected solar inverter system to increase the
Single phase bridge inverter (also known as efficiency of the system and decrease the capital cost
H-Bridge). the output frequency is kept equal to requirement of the system.
frequency of the supply grid If we talk about its scope for the future, the solar energy
 Filter: Filter circuit is required to remove the traces is never ending source of energy. By applying the scheme of
of carrier waveform n to deliver pure grid tied solar inverter the localities, villages can be
sinusoidal waveform to the grid. generating the power & satisfying there power requirements.
 Protection: Protection like over load, short circuit is By implementing this scheme, it will reduce the burden
implemented to protect the system from fault over existing fossil fuel energy generation which in reduce
conditions. For this Shunt resistances are used to the emission of green house gases.
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All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE

3. ISSN: 2277 – 9043
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2012
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Mr. Chandrasen S Janjal is ME student in Dept.
Chandrasen S Janjal is thankful to Dr. K. B. Khanchandani of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,
Professor & Head of Dept. Electronics & S. S. G. M. Collage of Engineering Shegaon. He
Telecommunication Engineering S.S.G.M.C.E, Shegaon. For Ob obtained his BE in P.R.M.I.T & R Bandera from
his help and support for completion of this project Amravati University.
.
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