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AFMLTA, Sydney 2009
On-line collaborative feedback on second language writing of high school
students                                                                         2) Regulatory Scale (Aljaafreh & Lantolf 1994) on slide 17

Masaya Fujino
Melbourne High School (fujinom@mhs.vic.edu.au)                                        Tutor’s assistance - implicit to explicit

                                                                            0      Tutor asks the learner to read prior to the tutorial
2 Criteria
                                                                            1      Construction of a collaborative frame prompted by the
    1) Modified from the 5 levels of internalisation from                          presence of the tutor.
       interpsychological to intrapsychological functioning (Aljaafreh &           Prompted or focussed reading of the sentence that contains
                                                                            2
       Lantolf 1994) on slide 16                                                   the error by the learner or the tutor.

                                                                            3      Tutor indicates that something may be wrong in a segment –
Learner      notice the        correct the                                         ‘Is there anything wrong in …?’
can          error             error
                                                                            4      Tutor rejects unsuccessful attempts at recognising the error.

                                                                            5      Tutor narrows down the location of the error.
Learner’s    With   Without    With    Without
Level        help   help       help    help
                                                                            6      Tutor indicates the nature of the error, but does not identify
                                                                                   the error.
Level 1      X      X          X       X
                                                                            7      Tutor identifies the error – ‘You can not use Te-form here’.

Level 2      √                 ?                  Only with explicit help   8      Tutor rejects learner’s unsuccessful attempts at correcting
                                                                                   error.

                                                                            9      Tutor provides clues to help the learner arrive at the correct
Level 3      √                 √                  Understands assistance           form.
                                                  & incorporates
                                                  feedback offered.         10     Tutor provides the correct form.

Level 4             √                  ?          Correct form is not yet   11     Tutor provides some explanation for use of the correct form.
                                                  fully internalised.
                                                                            12     Tutor provides examples of the correct pattern when other
Level 5             √                  √                                           forms of help fail to produce an appropriate responsive
                                                                                   action.
CamStudio:        http://camstudio.org/                                         Skype:           http://www.skype.com/intl/en/

Wikispaces:       http://www.wikispaces.com/                                    Online Poll:     http://www.polleverywhere.com



References

Aljaafreh, A., & Lantolf, J. P. (1994). Negative feedback as regulation and     Nelson, G. L., & Murphy, J. M. (1993). Peer response groups: do L2 writers
          second language learning in the zone of proximal development.                  use peer comments in revising their drafts? TESOL Quarterly,
          The Modern Language Journal, 78(4), 465-483.                                   27(1), 135-141.
Chandler, J. (2003). The efficacy of various kinds of error feedback for        Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language
          improvement in the accuracy and fluency of L2 student writing.                 Learning, 52(1), 119.
          Journal of Second Language Writing, 12(3), 267-296.                   Tardy, C. (2006). Appropriation, ownership, and agency: Negotiating
Connor, U., & Asenavage, K. (1994). Peer response groups in ESL writing                  teacher feedback in academic settings. In K. Hyland & F. Hyland
          classes: how much impact on revision? Journal of Second                        (Eds.), Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues
          Language Writing, 3(3), 257-276.                                               (pp. 60-78). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ferris, D. R. (2003). Response to student writing: implications for second      Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: the development of higher
          language students. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum                        psychological processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
          Associates, Inc.                                                      Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2007). Effects of proficiency differences and
Goldstein, L. M., & Conrad, S. M. (1990). Student input and negotiation of               patterns of pair interaction on second language learning:
          meaning in ESL writing conferences. TESOL Quarterly, 24(3), 443-               collaborative dialogue between adult ESL learners. Language
          460.                                                                           Teaching Research, 11(2), 121-142.
Kobayashi, M. (2007). The effect of mentoring on second language                Williams, J. (2004). Tutoring and revision: second language writers in the
          composition processes in Japanese. In H. Marriott, T. Moore & R.               writing center. Journal of Second Language Writing, 13(3), 173-
          Spence-Brown (Eds.), Learning discourses and the discourses of                 201.
          learning.
Leki, I. (1990). Coaching from the margins: issues in written
          response. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Second language writing:
          research insights for the classroom (pp. 57-68). Cambridge,
          UK: Cambridge University Press.
Mendonca, C. O., & Johnson, K. E. (1994). Peer review negotiations:
      revision activities in ESL writing instruction. TESOL Quarterly, 28(4),
      745-769.

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Online Collaborative feedback Handout

  • 1. AFMLTA, Sydney 2009 On-line collaborative feedback on second language writing of high school students 2) Regulatory Scale (Aljaafreh & Lantolf 1994) on slide 17 Masaya Fujino Melbourne High School (fujinom@mhs.vic.edu.au) Tutor’s assistance - implicit to explicit 0 Tutor asks the learner to read prior to the tutorial 2 Criteria 1 Construction of a collaborative frame prompted by the 1) Modified from the 5 levels of internalisation from presence of the tutor. interpsychological to intrapsychological functioning (Aljaafreh & Prompted or focussed reading of the sentence that contains 2 Lantolf 1994) on slide 16 the error by the learner or the tutor. 3 Tutor indicates that something may be wrong in a segment – Learner notice the correct the ‘Is there anything wrong in …?’ can error error 4 Tutor rejects unsuccessful attempts at recognising the error. 5 Tutor narrows down the location of the error. Learner’s With Without With Without Level help help help help 6 Tutor indicates the nature of the error, but does not identify the error. Level 1 X X X X 7 Tutor identifies the error – ‘You can not use Te-form here’. Level 2 √ ? Only with explicit help 8 Tutor rejects learner’s unsuccessful attempts at correcting error. 9 Tutor provides clues to help the learner arrive at the correct Level 3 √ √ Understands assistance form. & incorporates feedback offered. 10 Tutor provides the correct form. Level 4 √ ? Correct form is not yet 11 Tutor provides some explanation for use of the correct form. fully internalised. 12 Tutor provides examples of the correct pattern when other Level 5 √ √ forms of help fail to produce an appropriate responsive action.
  • 2. CamStudio: http://camstudio.org/ Skype: http://www.skype.com/intl/en/ Wikispaces: http://www.wikispaces.com/ Online Poll: http://www.polleverywhere.com References Aljaafreh, A., & Lantolf, J. P. (1994). Negative feedback as regulation and Nelson, G. L., & Murphy, J. M. (1993). Peer response groups: do L2 writers second language learning in the zone of proximal development. use peer comments in revising their drafts? TESOL Quarterly, The Modern Language Journal, 78(4), 465-483. 27(1), 135-141. Chandler, J. (2003). The efficacy of various kinds of error feedback for Storch, N. (2002). Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work. Language improvement in the accuracy and fluency of L2 student writing. Learning, 52(1), 119. Journal of Second Language Writing, 12(3), 267-296. Tardy, C. (2006). Appropriation, ownership, and agency: Negotiating Connor, U., & Asenavage, K. (1994). Peer response groups in ESL writing teacher feedback in academic settings. In K. Hyland & F. Hyland classes: how much impact on revision? Journal of Second (Eds.), Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues Language Writing, 3(3), 257-276. (pp. 60-78). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Ferris, D. R. (2003). Response to student writing: implications for second Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: the development of higher language students. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum psychological processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Associates, Inc. Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2007). Effects of proficiency differences and Goldstein, L. M., & Conrad, S. M. (1990). Student input and negotiation of patterns of pair interaction on second language learning: meaning in ESL writing conferences. TESOL Quarterly, 24(3), 443- collaborative dialogue between adult ESL learners. Language 460. Teaching Research, 11(2), 121-142. Kobayashi, M. (2007). The effect of mentoring on second language Williams, J. (2004). Tutoring and revision: second language writers in the composition processes in Japanese. In H. Marriott, T. Moore & R. writing center. Journal of Second Language Writing, 13(3), 173- Spence-Brown (Eds.), Learning discourses and the discourses of 201. learning. Leki, I. (1990). Coaching from the margins: issues in written response. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Second language writing: research insights for the classroom (pp. 57-68). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mendonca, C. O., & Johnson, K. E. (1994). Peer review negotiations: revision activities in ESL writing instruction. TESOL Quarterly, 28(4), 745-769.