WATER CLASS VI 2 USES OF WATER DRINKING BRUSHING WASHING UTENSILS,CLOTHES,VEHICLES CLEANING PLATES, FLOOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AGRICULTURE, GARDENING USED IN INDUSTRIES 3 NEARLY 2/3 OF EARTH IS COVERED WITH OCEAN/SEA WATER 4 WATER IN OCEANS AND SEAS IS SALTY [SALINE] AND UNFIT FOR DRINKING , INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE AND AGRICULTURE 5 SOURCES OF FRESH WATER 1.RIVER 6 2.SPRING 7 3.POND 8 4.WELL 9 5.HAND PUMP 10 WATER IN TAPS COME FROM RIVER USUALLY 11 Cycling of water in nature- WATER CYCLE GAS [VAPOUR] LIQUID [WATER] cooling Basic processes in water cycle 1.EVAPORATION 2.CONDENSATION evaporation condensation heating 12 EVAPORATION THE PROCESS OF TURNING WATER TO WATER VAPOUR BY HEATING. WATER EVAPORATES FROM WATER BODIES AND OTHER SOURCES DUE TO SUN’S HEAT 13 THIS WATER VAPOUR JOINS THE ATMOSPHERE CONTINUOUSLY AS A SLOW PROCESS. WATER VAPOUR ALSO REACHES THE ATMOSPHERE BY TRANSPIRATION IN PLANTS. 14 FORMATION OF CLOUDS THE WATER VAPOUR MOVES UP AND UNDERGO COOLING , AND CONDENSATION TO FORM CLOUDS. 15 MANY TINY DROPLETS OF WATER IN THE CLOUD COME TOGETHER TO FORM LARGER DROPS WHICH ARE HEAVIER AND FALL AS RAIN. 16 CONDENSATION THE PROCESS BY WHICH WATER- VAPOUR TURNS TO WATER ON COOLING. 17 EXCESSIVE COOLING OF WATER VAPOUR RESULTS IN SNOW FALL / HAIL 18 JOIN RIVERS LAKES AND OCEAN THE WATER THAT FALLS ON LAND AS RAIN AND SNOW AGAIN UNDERGO CIRCULATION RAIN WATER SURFACE RUN OFF JOIN RIVERS LAKES AND OCEAN INFILTRATION GO DEEP IN THE SOIL SOIL WATER USED BY PLANTS GROUND WATER SOUCE FOR BOREWELL 19 WATER CYCLE 20 Ground water is an important source of water 21 DEPLETION OF WATER TABLE infiltration Water table may go down if the water is not sufficiantly replenished. Consumption of ground water Ground water 22 REASONS OF DEPLETION OF WATER TABLE 1. DEFORESTATION 23 2 . SCANTY RAINFALL 24 3.EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION BY INCREASING POPULATION 25 DECREASE IN THE SEEPAGE AREA 26 5. EXCESSIVE USE BY Agricultural activities 27 6. INCREASING INDUSTRIES 28 CONSERVATION OF WATER AVOID WASTAGE 29 CONSERVATION OF WATER REPAIR LEAKING TAP 30 CONSERVATION OF WATER 31 CONSERVATION OF WATER REUSE /RECYCLE IF POSSIBLE 32 WATER WISE HABITS DIRECT USED KITCHEN WATER TO YOUR GARDEN . 33 Drip irrigation for your garden 34 WATER WISE HABITS WASH VESSELS USING COLLECTED WATER INSTEAD OF WASHING DIRECTLY UNDER TAP. 35 WATER WISE HABITS MOP THE FLOOR INSTEAD OF WASHING 36 WATER WISE HABITS TURN OFF TAP WHILE BRUSHING 37 ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING RAINWATER IS COLLECTED FROM THE ROOF OF BUILDINGS AND STORED IN TANKS AFTER FILTRATION. 38 Roof top rainwater harvesting 39 SURFACE RUN OFF WATER PERCOLATION 40 PLANTING VEGETATION 41 Roof to rainwater harvesting 42 POND- A TRADITIONAL WAY OF COLLECTING WATER 43 INFILTRATION PITS IT SOAKS WATER & DIRECT IT TO UNDER GROUND TO RECHARGE GROUND WATER Pit filled with gravel 44 GRASSY PATCHES & OTHER VEGETATIONS HELPS IN INFILTRATION 45 DRIP IRRIGATION - saves water A TECHNIQUE OF WATERING PLANTS BY USING NARROW TUBES WH

1. Fresh Water resources

2. Global Overview
 While 67% of Earth’s surface is covered by
water, only less than 2.7% of global water is
freshwater. Most of the freshwater (2.05%)
are locked in ice caps and glaciers. Only
less than 0.7% is available for human use.

3. Over two thirds of the
earth's surface is covered
with water, 97.2% of which
is contained in the five
oceans. The Antarctic ice
sheet, containing 90% of all
fresh water on the planet, is
visible at the bottom.
Atmospheric water vapour
can be seen as clouds,
contributing to the earth's
albedo.

4. Iceberg and Polar cap store most of the fresh water
on Earth

5. Volume of water stored in
the water cycle's reservoirs
Reservoir Volume of water
(106 km³)
Percent
of total
Ocean 1370 97.25
Ice caps & glaciers 29 2.05
Groundwater 9.5 0.68
Lakes 0.125 0.01
Soil Moisture 0.065 0.005
Atmosphere 0.013 0.001
Streams & rivers 0.0017 0.0001
Biosphere 0.0006 0.00004

7. Scarcity of fresh water
 On a global basis, fresh water is a
increasingly scarce resource. It is partially
caused by increasing population coupled by
change of consumption pattern and climate
changes.

8. Water consumption for food
production (I)
 Meat production use a lot of water when
compared to growing food crops.
 A shift in food consumption pattern toward
more meat consumption will cause a
substantial increase in water consumption.

9. Water consumption for food
production (II)

10. Competing water uses (I)

12. Competing water uses (II)
 Industrialized / developed countries tend to
use more water in their industrial
production.
 Other countries tend to use more water for
agricultural uses.

13. Fresh Water supply

14. Problems related to Water crisis
 Inadequate access to safe drinking water by
over 1.1 billion people
 Groundwater overdrafting leading to
diminished agricultural yields
 Overuse and pollution of water resources
harming biodiversity
 Regional conflicts over scarce water
resources sometimes resulting in warfare.

15. Threats to fresh water resources
 Climate change causes change in
frequencies of droughts and floods.
 Depletion of aquifers caused by over-
consumption as a result of population
growth.
 Pollution and contamination by sewage,
agricultural and industrial runoff.

17. Distribution of population and
water resources

18. Pressure of freshwater ecosystem

20. Fresh Water Outlook
 Estimated from existing data, some
countries are going to experience serious
shortage of fresh water supply in the
coming 20 years time.
 China, India and South Africa and Middle
East countries may among the most
adversely affected countries.

23. Water in China
 According to the World Bank forecast, Mainland China has
only a per-capita share of 2700 cubic meters per annum,
one fourth of the world's average at present.
 Half of China's 617 largest cities face water deficits.
Beijing is among the most water-short.
 The areas south of the Yangtze River, China's longest,
which account for only 36.5 per cent of the country's total
territory, have 80.9 per cent of its total water resources.
However the areas north of the Yangtze, which make up
63.5 per cent of China, possess only 19.1 per cent of total
water resources.

24. Desalination of sea water as
fresh water supply
 Desalination of sea water can be done either
via distillation or membrane process.
 Both process requires large amount of
energy and thus costly, which means
desalination remains an expensive option
for providing reliable fresh water supply,
restricted to only economically well-off
countries.