1. A SEMINAR REPORT ON HYBRID
VEHICLE
PRESENTED BY: DEBASIS PATRA
ROLL NO: ME-19-11
REGD NO: 1901230106
BRANCH: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SYNERGY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
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2. 2
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS HYBRID VEHICLE
• HYBRID STRUCTURE
• BASIC COMPONETS
• TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES
• HIGH VOLTAGES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• BATTERIS
• BATTERY RECHARGING
• THE SILENT HYBRID
• EMERGENCY PRODUSERS FIRES
• EMERGENCY NI-MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL DAMAGE
• HYBRID VEHICLE ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
• A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power,
such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when
submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in
hydraulic hybrids
• The basic principle with hybrid vehicles is that the different motors
work better at different speeds; the electric motor is more efficient at
producing torque, or turning power, and the combustion engine is better
for maintaining high speed than a typical electric motor. Switching from
one to the other at the proper time while speeding up yields a win-win
in terms of energy efficiency, such that it translates into greater fuel
efficiency.
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4. WHAT IS A HYBRID
VEHICLE?
• A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of
power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and
batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include
pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids
• Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power.
Examples:
Diesel – electric
Nuclear – electric
Gasoline - electric
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5. HYBRID STRUCTURE
• The two power sources found in hybrid vehicles
may be combined in different ways, either in
parallel or series
• Either one will allow the gasoline engine to shut
down when it is not needed.
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6. BASIC COMPONENTS
• Power plant ICE
• Electric motor / Generator
• Battery
• Transmission
• Inverter
7. TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES
• Series hybrid
• Vehicle propulsion is by a electric motor only
• ICE is used for charging the HV battery
8. TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES
• Parallel hybrid
• Uses multiple propulsion energy sources
• This means the electric motor and ICE propels the vehicle
9. TYPES OF HYBRID VEHICLES
• Series-parallel hybrid
• These vehicles can operate using the electric motor alone or
with assist of the ICE
• They combine both functions of series and parallel design
10. HIGH VOLTAGE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
• Power for the electric motor is supplied by high-voltage nickel-metal
hydride battery
• Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Panasonic EV Energy in
Japan
• Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC current
• High voltage wiring may color coded orange, bright blue or even
yellow
• Batteries vary in design, however, all incorporate individual cells
connected to one another
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12. 12
BATTERIES
• Individual cells originally contained liquid potassium hydroxide
• The liquid is almost totally absorbed by the paper membranes inside
each cell of the battery
• Because the liquid is absorbed these batteries are considered “dry
cell” batteries
• Batteries are usually located in the rear of the vehicle under the floor
of the trunk or under the rear seat.
• The wiring harness from the batteries usually runs below the
floorpan of the vehicle about one foot in from the driver’s side of the
vehicle
14. BATTERY RECHARGING
• The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through a
process call regenerative braking
• Regenerative braking takes energy from the
forward momentum of the vehicle and captures it
while coasting or braking.
• Occasionally batteries are recharged by the electric
motor
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15. THE “SILENT” HYBRID
• Most gasoline engines in hybrids will shut off when not needed – i.e.
when stopped in traffic
• Most hybrids have an indicator light which may alert individuals to the
status of the vehicle
• When the vehicle is in this silent mode it may “awaken” without notice
• Chocking the wheels is critical to responder safety
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16. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRES
• Vehicle fires can be handled following normal
vehicle firefighting procedures
• Crews should not be shocked, even if flames are
impinging on the battery pack itself
• Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH batteries can be
controlled with water
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17. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Ni – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL
DAMAGE
• High-voltage circuits are color-coded either orange, bright
blue or yellow
• Never disassemble or remove the metal cover of the high-
voltage battery pack
• DC current is normally isolated from any contact with the
vehicle itself – theoretically in order to receive a shock you
would have to physically contact two separate points within
the high-voltage system at the same time
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18. HYBRID VEHICLE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
• Better mileage
• Improved acceleration (most of the time)
• Less dependence on fossil fuels
• Lower emissions
• Some states provide incentives for
driving a hybrid
• Great driving experience
Disadvantages
• Little highway mileage increase
• High initial cost
• Needs high fuel cost to be
worthwhile
• Could cost more to repair
• Extra maintenance items
• Some hybrids need special tires
19. CONCLUSION
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Hybrid cars are definitely more environmentally friendly than
internal-combustion vehicles. Batteries are being engineered to have
a long life. When the hybrid cars become more widespread, battery
recycling will become economically possible. Research into other
energy sources such as fuel cells and renewable fuels make the
future look brighter for hybrid cars.
