1. Introduction to
Oceanography
MD. Naimur Rahman Khan
Dept. of Geography & Environment
47th Batch
Secession: 2017-2018
Savar, Bangladesh
Khan.47@geograhy-juniv.edu.bd
2. Oceanography
• “The application of science to the study of
phenomena in the oceans”.
• Study of the ocean, its surroundings, and life
within it.
• Oceanography is a broad Science
3. Why Study Oceanography?
• Oceans comprise 71% of the Earth’s surface
• Oceans contain 97.2% of the water on or near the Earth’s surface
• Source of Food
• Transportation and Travel
• Weather
• Shoreline
• Interface between land and ocean
6. Ocean Area (square miles) Average Depth (ft) Deepest depth
Pacific
Ocean
64,186,000 15,215 Mariana Trench, 36,20
Atlantic
Ocean
33,420,000 12,881 Puerto Rico Trench, 28,
Indian
Ocean
28,350,000 13,002 Java Trench, 25,344
Southern
Ocean
7,848,300 sq. miles
(20.327 million sq km )
13,100 - 16,400 ft deep
(4,000 to 5,000 meters)
the southern end of the So
Trench, 23,736 ft (7,23
Arctic
Ocean
5,106,000 3,953 Eurasia Basin, 17,881
Comparison of Oceans Size
9. 4 Disciplines
• Geological Oceanography
• Structure of the sea floor
• Chemical Oceanography
• Chemical composition and properties of seawater
• Physical Oceanography
• Waves, tides, currents
• Biological Oceanography
• Oceanic life forms
10. The 5 Oceans
• Pacific Ocean
• Largest and deepest ocean
• Mariana Trench: 11 km., 36,000 ft.
• (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft.)
• Atlantic Ocean
• About ½ the size of the Pacific
• Indian Ocean
• Southern hemisphere
• Arctic Ocean
• ¼ as deep, much smaller, sea ice
• Southern Ocean
• South of 50 deg. South latitude
21. • collected thousands of biological and sea
bottom samples
• traveled in every ocean except arctic
• cruise directed by Charles Wyville Thompson
• 362 stations, 715 new genera, 5000 new
species
• discovered Mariana
Trench and Mindarniad
(34,000 ft deep)
Voyage of the HMS Challenger (1872-1876)