3 parts of spech

English (DUET Admission Guide) Parts of Speech
RPR DUET Admission Care Page ▐ 6
 Parts of Speech
Sentence G eëüZ cÖwZwU A_©‡evaK word/kã‡K GK GKwU c` ev Parts of speech e‡j| A_©vr Sentence Gi AšÍM©Z ÿz`ª ÿz`ª AskB
Parts of Speech| GB Aa¨vq ‡_‡K noun, adjective I adverb fv‡jvfv‡e Avq‡Ë Avb‡Z n‡e|
 Classification of Parts of Speech
Parts of speech AvU cÖKvi| h_v :
1. Noun (we‡kl¨)
2. Pronoun (me©bvg)
3. Adjective (we‡klY)
4. Verb (wµqv)
5. Adverb (fve we‡klY)
6. Preposition (c`vš^qx Ae¨q)
7. Conjunction (mgy”Pqx Ae¨q)
8. Interjection (Ab¦bqx Ae¨q)
Noun
▪ †h kã Øviv †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb, ms¯’v, c`v‡_©i †`vl ev ‡Kvb ¸‡Yi bvg eySvq, Zv‡K noun e‡j|
▪ Noun cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v:
(i) Concrete Noun
(ii) Abstract Noun
Concrete Noun: †h mKj noun Gi e¯Íyi evwn¨K Aw¯ÍZ¡ Ges kvixwiK MVb i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì‡K Concrete noun e‡j| †hgb: Table,
Chair, Pen, book etc. Concrete noun Avevi Pvi cÖKvi| h_v:
(a) Proper Noun (bvgevPK we‡kl¨)
(b) Common Noun (RvwZevPK we‡kl¨)
(c) Collective Noun (mgwóevPK we‡kl¨)
(d) Material Noun (e¯‘evPK we‡kl¨)
Proper Noun: ‡h noun Øviv wbw`©ó fv‡e †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb, ms¯’v, cÖwZôvb, cèx BZ¨vw` eySv‡bv nq Zv‡K proper noun e‡j|
▪ Proper noun Gi Av‡M article e‡m bv|
▪ Proper noun Gi cÖ_g Aÿi capital nq|
▪ Proper noun plural G eëüZ nq|
Examples: Persons: Rakib, Rahim, Sabina etc.
Place: Dhaka, London etc.
Things: Ivanhoe, Econo etc.
Common noun: GKvwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘i GKwU mvaviY ev common bvg‡K ev ‡h mKj noun Øviv GK RvZxq mKj‡K †evSvq Zv‡ì‡K
common noun e‡j| †hgb: boy, girl, man, country, river, priest, patriot, woman, child, river, pirate, regent, elephant,
tiger etc.
▪ Proper noun Gi mv‡_ common noun Gi Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨:
Proper noun Common noun Proper noun Common noun
Ayesha Girl Dhaka City
Robindra Man Salim Man
Shakib Player India Country
Monpura Island Katrina Actress
Collective Noun: ‡h mKj noun Øviv GK RvZxq KZK¸‡jv e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K c„_Kfv‡e bv eywS‡q Zv‡ì ÒAwef³ mgwóÓ ‡K eySvq Zv‡ì‡K
collective noun e‡j|
▪ Collective Noun AvKv‡i singular nq|
▪ Collective Noun Øviv mgRvZxq e¨w³ ev e¯‘i mgwó eySvq|
▪ Collective Noun Gici verb singular ev plural Dfq n‡Z cv‡i|
▪ Collective Noun Gi ci article em‡ZI cv‡i bvI em‡Z cv‡i|
Example: navy, army, class, team, committee, library, crowed, jury, family, pack, shoal, herd, flock,
parliament, nation, mob etc.
Parts of Speech

Material Noun: ‡h Noun ‡K MYbv Kiv hvq bv ïaygvÎ IRb Øviv hv‡`i wba©viY Kiv nq ev hvi Øviv †Kvb c`v‡_©i mg~`q Ask‡K ALÛfv‡e
eySvq wKš‘ †m c`v_© n‡Z Drcbœ †Kvb e¯‘‡K eySvq bv, Zv‡K Material Noun e‡j|
Example: Gold, Water, Iron, Milk etc.
▪ Material Noun Gi Av‡M Article e‡m bv|
▪ Material Noun Gi Plural form e‡m bv|
Material Noun Ges Common Noun Gi Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨:
Material Noun Common Noun
‡h Dcv`vb Øviv ‰Zwi †m Dcv`v‡bi bvg nj Material Noun. hv ‰Zwi Kiv nq Zv Common Noun.
Gold ring, necklace etc.
Iron scissor, hammer, hoe, rode etc.
Jute rope, bag, cloth, mate, carpet etc.
Rice biscuit, cake, chira, muri, etc.
Wood door, chair, table, bench, window etc.
Milk butter, ghee, sweet etc.
Paper book, magazine, newspaper etc.
Abstract Noun (¸bevPK we‡kl¨): ‡h Noun ‡Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i Ae¯’v, ¸Y ev cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© avibv e¨³ K‡i Zv‡K abstract noun e‡j|
▪ Abstract Noun Gi evwn¨K †Kvb Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| G‡K †`Lv ev ¯úk© Kiv hvq bv| ïaygvÎ Abyf~wZi mvnv‡h¨ aviYv Kiv hvq|
Example: forgiveness, honesty, freedom, happiness, childhood, friendship, education, beauty, death,
importance, policy, love etc.
Try Yourself:
wb‡Pi `vMvw¼Z (underlined) word ¸‡jv‡K common, proper, collective, material ev abstract noun wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ki|
1) The soldiers were rewarded for their bravery.
2) Rafiq was famous for his charity.
3) The crowd was not so big.
4) What is your verdict, gentlemen of the jury?
5) The dog is a faithful animal.
6) We saw the audience carefully.
7) I know a little grammar.
8) The parliament has been dismissed.
9) He has vast knowledge in history.
10) The committee consists of six members.
11) I often think of my childhood.
12) My favorite newspaper is the Washington Post.
13) We saw a fleet of ships in harbour.
14) I believe in his innocence.
15) Death is preferable to dishonesty.
16) Nazrul is the author of many books.
17) Cowards dies many times before their death.
18) He is a little rascal.
19) You can buy plastic from this market.
20) There were a lot of pilgrims in Dhaka last year.
21) Tamim is charming, but Tania is rogue.
22) He is considered as a regent.
23) I am waiting for his departure.
24) I want to take mutton at dinner.
25) Joe Biden has entered the White House.
AwaKZi Rvbvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
1) ‘Owner’ wK ai‡bi noun?
2) ‘Captain’ wK ai‡bi noun?
3) Group noun Øviv wK †evSvq?
4) Mass noun Ges non count noun Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
wK?
5) ‘Parliament’ is a/an______ noun.
6) Concrete noun wK?
7) What type of noun ‘mutton’ is?
8) Village is a/an______ noun.
9) Concrete noun Ges Abstract noun Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
wbY©q Ki|
10) ‘Chemistry’ is a/an _____noun.
11) He has prepared his homework. Here
‘homework’ is a/an _____ noun.
12) ‘Shoal’ is a/an------noun.
13) Bankrupt is a/an _____ noun.
14) Noun of multitude ej‡Z wK ‡evSvq?
15) Envelope is a/an_____ noun.
16) Diamond and mutton are_____nouns.
17) Neclace is a ______noun.
18) ‘Grammar’ wK ai‡Yi noun?
19) Infant is a _____ noun?
mvaviYZ Noun Gi †k‡l _v‡K : tion, sion, hood, ship, ness, ment, ce, cy, ch, th, or, er, ur, ure, ism, ist, age, dom, y,
ty, ity, ee, e, al, ry, tude, wood, ence, ance, mony, red, ock, let etc.

ANSWERS: ANSWERS:
1) Abstract
2) Abstract
3) Collective
4) Collective
5) Common
6) Collective
7) Abstract
8) Collective
9) Abstract
10) Collective
11) Abstract
12) Common, proper
Collective
13) Collective
14) Abstract
15) Abstract
16) Common
17) Common
18) Common
19) Material
20) Common
21) Proper
22) Common
23) Abstract
24) Material
25) Proper
1) Common
2) Common
3) Collective
4) Giv GKB
5) Collective
6) wb‡R Ki
7) Material
8) Common
9) wb‡R Ki
10) Abstract
11) Abstract
12) Collective
13) Common
14) Collective
15) Common
16) Material
17) Common
18) Abstract
19) Common
N. B: For countable and uncountable (determiners page Aa¨vq †`Lyb)
Number
hv Øviv †Kvb noun Gi msL¨v †evSvq Zv‡K number e‡j| Number `yB cÖKvi|
Singular number: GKwU wRwbm‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgb- man, pen, computer, book, pencil etc.
Plural number: G‡Ki AwaK wRwbm‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgb- men, pens, computers, books, pencils etc.
Some important singular and plural numbers: (PvKzwi cixÿvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©)
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Man Men Child Children
Woman Women Ox Oxen
Foot Feet Tooth Teeth
Goose Geese Mouse Mice
Criterion Criteria Radius Radii
Phenomenon Phenomena Oasis Oases
Crisis Crises Cow Kine
Agendum Agenda Addendum Addenda
Alumnus Alumni Focus Foci/focuses
Dictum Dicta Nucleus Nucli
Appendix Appendices Axis Axes
Hypothesis Hypotheses Formula Formulae/formulas
Vertex Vertices Erratum Errata
EXERCISE (A_© Rvb‡Z wWKkbvwi e¨envi Kiæb| wWKkbvwi‡Z number I D‡jøL _v‡K| †hgb- sing=singular, pl=plural):
（a) Indicate the numbers of (kã¸‡jvi number wbY©q
Ki|):- furniture, gallows, mathematics, series. means,
cattle, agenda, summons, riches, apparatus, pence,
auspices, thanks, wages, sheep, physics, news, gentry,
people.
Solution: wb‡R Ki|
（b) Give the plurals of (kã¸‡jvi plural wbY©q Ki):- Mr,
Miss, Mrs, man-servant, Miss Baker, Mrs Baker.
formula, cherub. basis, Governor-General, son-in-law,
foot-man, fisherman. Frenchman, gentleman,
clergyman, German, Norman.
Solution: wb‡R Ki|
（c) Fill up the blanks:- (wb‡`©kbv- subject Abymv‡i †h‡nZz
verb e‡m †m‡nZz Zv‡`i number ‡R‡b be verb emvI|)
1) News__brought to us. 2) Mathematics___taught by
him. 3) Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare___an
interesting book. 4) Cattle___grazing on the green. 5)
The gentry___present there. 6) Alms____distributed
among the poor. 7) Thanks___due to him. 8) Three
counsel___engaged by me. 9) Fish___abundant in this
tank. 10) The people___running away. 11)
People___not like it.
Solution: 1) is/was 2) is/was 3) is 4) are 5) were/are 6)
were 7) are 8) were 9) are 10) are 11) do

Gender
‡h mKj word Øviv ¯¿x wKsev cyiæl Avjv`vfv‡e A_ev ¯¿x cyiæl Dfq‡K †evSvq A_ev ¯¿x-cyiæl KvD‡K bv eywS‡q Ab¨ †Kvb A‡PZb c`v_©‡K
†evSvq Zv‡ì‡K gender e‡j|
Gender Pvi (04) cÖKvi|-
1. Masculine gender: ‡h mKj noun Øviv cyiæl wb‡`©wkZ nq| ‡hgb- boy, bachelor, lion, emperor etc.
2. Feminine gender: ‡h mKj noun Øviv ¯¿x wb‡`©wkZ nq| ‡hgb- gril, spinster, lioness, empress etc.
3. Common gender: ‡h mKj noun Øviv bvix-cyiæl DfqB wb‡`©wkZ nq| ‡hgb- teacher, student, cousin, parent, etc.
4. Neuter gender: ‡h mKj noun Øviv Ro c`v_© wb‡`©wkZ nq| ‡hgb- table, tree, book, wallet, bed etc.
EXERCISE
Indicate the genders of the following (wb‡Pi kã¸‡jvi A_©mn gender wbY©q Ki|):-
Husband, cow, author, earl, sovereign, tiger, hero, pig, mouse, lion, lad, shepherd, water, grief, fear, death,
mountain, ship, England, son, governor, lady, king, companion, head, virtue, parent, widow, prince, Mr, priest,
madam. sir, person, orphan, virgin, bride, cousin, bee, horse, Miss, actor.
Solution: g~jZ wb‡RivB cvivi K_v| cÖ‡qvR‡b Dictionary ‡`‡L A_© Rvbyb I wbY©q Kiæb| google I Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Pronoun
▪ Noun Gi cwie‡Z© †h mKj c` eëüZ n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K Pronoun e‡j| GLv‡b †kLv DwPZ †Kvb noun Gi cwie‡Z© †Kvb
pronoun e‡m|
Classification of Pronoun:
Pronoun ‡K AvU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
Types of Pronoun Definition Examples
Personal Pronoun ‡Kvb pronoun hLb †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i bv‡gi cwie‡Z©
eëüZ nq, ZLb Zv‡K Personal Pronoun e‡j|
I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours,
you, thee, your, yours, he, him, his,
she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their,
theirs
Interrogative
Pronoun
‡h Pronoun ‡Kv‡bv cÖkœ wRÁvmv Ki‡Z eëüZ nq Zv‡K
Interrogative Pronoun e‡j|
who, what, which, whom, whose etc.
Distributive Pronoun ‡h Pronoun `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘i ga¨ †_‡K
GKwU e¯‘ ev e¨w³‡K Avjv`v K‡i eySvq Zv‡K
Distributive Pronoun e‡j|
Each, neither, either etc.
Demonstrative
Pronoun
‡h Pronoun ‡Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i cwie‡Z© e‡m Dnvi,
GwU, IwU G¸‡jv BZ¨vw` wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K
Demonstrative Pronoun e‡j|
This, that, such, these, those etc.
Relative pronoun ‡h Pronoun ‡Kv‡bv Noun ev Pronoun Gi c‡i e‡m
c~e©eZ©x Noun ev Pronoun ‡K wb‡`©kc~e©K `ywU Clause
‡K hy³ K‡i Zv‡K Relative Pronoun e‡j|
That, who, whoever, whom,
whomever, what, which etc.
Reciprocal Pronoun ‡h Pronoun Øviv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨ ci¯úi‡K
eySvq Zv‡K Reciprocal Pronoun e‡j|
Each other, one other etc.
Reflexive Pronoun Personal Pronoun Gi m‡½ self ev selves hy³ n‡q
†Kvb Pronoun hLb object Gi ¯’vb MÖnY K‡i Ges
cðv‡Z wd‡i cybivq subject ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i ZLbZv‡K
Reflexive Pronoun e‡j|
Myself, yourself, herself, themselves,
himself, yourselves, ourselves etc.
Indefinite Pronoun ‡h Pronoun ‡Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K bv eywS‡q
Awbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K eySvq Z‡e Zv‡K Indefinite
e‡j|
One, any, anyone, anybody, some,
somebody, everybody, everyone,
another, more, everything, something,
nothing, many, all, few, little, much
etc.
 Verb
▪ Verb nj †mB word hv †Kvb KvR cÖKvk K‡i|

▪ ‡h word w`‡q KvR ev action eySvb nq Zv‡K verb e‡j|
Examples: Be, have, do, run, go, come, love, take, give, think, laugh, dance, sing, jump, see, tell etc.
 Adjective
wb‡Pi passage wU co–b Ges †gvUv Aÿ‡i (bold) word ¸‡jv jÿ¨ Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU word B adjective. G‡ì KvR n‡jv noun Gi c~‡e©
e‡m noun †K modify Kiv|
PARADISE APARTMENTS (¯^Mx©q feb¸‡jv)
An excellent choice for an independent summer holiday, these large apartments are along an inland (mgy`ª `~ieZx©)
waterway (Rjc_) in a quiet residential area. The friendly resort of Gulftown with its beautiful white sandy beach
is only a short walk away. Restaurant and gift shop nearby. (mgy`ª †_‡K `~‡i b`x eivei kvšÍ AvevwmK GjvKvq Hme eo
feb¸‡jv ¯^vaxb MÖx®§Kvjxb QzwUi Rb¨ mevi Kv‡Q PgrKvi cQ›`| MjdUvD‡bi eÜzZ¡c~Y© wi‡mvU© my›ì mv`v cv_y‡i ‰mKZ mvgvb¨ nvUvi `~i‡Z¡|
†i‡¯Ívivu I Dcnvi mvgMÖxi †`vKvb cv‡kB|)
▪ ‡h mKj word ‡Kvb Noun ev Pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, cwigvY, msL¨v ev µg BZ¨vw` cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Adjective e‡j|
▪ Adjective Gi †k‡l mvaviYZ- tive, sive, ful, nt, ic, ry, ary, ory, ing, ed, less, ish, some, like, al, able, ible, ous BZ¨vw`
_v‡K|
Classification of Adjective:
Adjective cÖavbZ Pvi cÖKvi| h_v:
(i) Adjective of Quality
(ii) Adjective of Quantity
(iii) Adjective of Number
(iv) Pronominal Adjective
Adjective of Quality:
▪ ‡h word Øviv †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb, cÖvYxi †`vl-¸Y ev Ae¯’v eySvq Zv‡K Adjective of Quality e‡j|
▪ Example:
‡`vl Bad, lazy
¸Y Good, clever, intelligent, honest
Ae¯’v Weak, old, healthy, blue, modest, essential, Asian, Bangladeshi
Adjective of Quantity:
▪ ‡h mKj Adjective Øviv †Kvb Noun Gi cwigvY wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K Adjective e‡j|
▪ Adjective of Quantity mvaviYZ Material Ges Gi Abstract Noun c~‡e© e‡m|
Example: Much, Little, Few, A little, A few, Enough, All, Whole, Half etc.
Adjective of Number:
▪ ‡h Adjective ev‡K¨ †Kvb Noun-Gi msL¨v µg ev ch©vq wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K Adjective of Number e‡j|
Example: First, Second, One, Two, Single, Double etc.
Pronominal Adjective:
▪ ‡Kvb Pronoun hLb noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m H noun m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Adjective Gi KvR m¤úv`b K‡i ZLb Zv‡K
Pronominal Adjective e‡j|
▪ Pronominal Adjective ‡K cuvP fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
Pronominal Adjective Example
Possessive Adjective My, his, your, our, our, their, her, its.
Demonstrative Adjective This, that, these, those, such.
Distributive Adjective Each, Every, Either, Neither.
Interrogative Adjective Which, Whose, What
Indefinite Adjective Some, Few, Many, One, All, Any
Exercise (wb‡Pi adj ¸‡jv †Kvb †kÖwYi Zv wbY©q Ki|)
1. Which pen has been bought by him?
2. Those pencils that he sold was very expensive.
3. I always like to eat Bangladeshi food.

4. Rajib obtained second position in the final exam.
5. Each boy will be punished for his mistake.
6. I have no more than three sisters.
7. Australian government wanted to make an agreement with us.
8. The tall girl with a great confidence has known the issue.
9. I have little knowledge on statistics.
10. The novel has a nice cover.
11. Which story has been told by the teacher?
12. Some Nigerian terrorists attacked the village.
13. Double our salary has been deducted as we fail to maintain office
schedule.
14. Many teachers do not know how to teach their students.
15. The minister took several steps to save women's right.
Adverb
▪ ‡h mKj word ‡Kvb noun Ges pronoun Qvov adjective, verb, Ab¨ †Kvb adverb A_ev †Kvb sentence ‡K modify ev qualify
K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb e‡j|
Example: really, fast, best etc.
▪ KLb, †Kv_vq, wKfv‡e, ‡Kgb, KZ, †Kb, kZ©, KviY, djvdj BZ¨vw` †evSv‡j adverb nq|
Example: (i) The day of my sister’s marriage is drawing near. (When)
(ii) He came in a dramatical way. (How)
(iii) He run fast. (How)
(iv) He came here to meet me. (Where)
‡Kvb †Kvb Gi grammarian Gi g‡Z adverb mg~n noun/pronoun/interjunction Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mKj parts of speech ‡K modify
K‡i| wb‡Pi D`vniYmg~n †`Lyb-
(i) Robi runs quickly. (verb ‡K modify Ki‡Q)
(ii) Sumi is a very beautiful girl. (adjective ‡K modify Ki‡Q)
(iii) She sings extremely well. (adverb ‡K modify Ki‡Q)
(iv) I came just before 10 o’clock. (preposition ‡K modify Ki‡Q)
(v) I did not do it simply because I had no time to do it. (conjunction ‡K modify Ki‡Q)
Adverb ‡Kvb sentence ‡K I modify Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Certainly, you are wrong.
Really, she sings well.
Unfortunately, nobody was present there.
Perhaps, life is the most complicated battle of the world.
Possibly, it was what I say.
Adverb wZb cÖKvi| h_v:-
Simple Adverb
Simple adverb mvZ cÖKvi|
1. Adverb of time: ‡h mKj adverb wµqv m¤úv`‡bi mgq wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb of time ejv nq| verb †K KLb (when) Øviv
cÖkœ Ki‡j DË‡i hv cvIqv hvq ZvB adverb of time.
(i) We shall go tomorrow.
(ii) She will never come back
(iii) They provide us milk everyday.
(iv) I will ever love her.
2. Adverb of place: ‡h mKj adverb wµqv m¤úv`‡bi ¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb of place e‡j| verb †K †Kv_vq (where) Øviv
cÖkœ Ki‡j DË‡i hv cvIqv hvq ZvB adverb of place.
(i) I went there.
(ii) She is below, but I am above in the class.
(iii) We moved thither.
Answers:
1)
int.
adj
2)
demonst.
Adj
3)
proper
adj
4)
numeral
adj
5)
distrib.
Adj
6)
numeral
adj
7)
proper
adj
8)
quality
adj
9)
quantity
adj
10)
attrib./
quality
adj
11)
int.
adj
12)
proper
adj
13)
numeral
adj
14)
numeral
adj
15)
numeral
adj

(iv) One of my sisters came home.
3. Adverb of manner: ‡h mKj adverb Øviv wKfv‡e (how) wµqv m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Zv Rvbv hvq Zv‡ì‡K adverb of manner e‡j|
(i) They speak loudly.
(ii) Humayon works hard.
(iii) The pen writes well.
4. Adverb of reason: ‡h mKj adverb Øviv (reason) wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb of reason e‡j|
(i) He is hence unable to deny the fact.
(ii) He therefore left the university.
5. Adverb of degree: ‡h mKj adverb Øviv †Kvb KvR KZUv ev wK cwigvb m¤úbœ nq Zv wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb of degree e‡j|
(i) I am fully prepared.
(ii) He knows little.
(iii) She is quite happy.
(iv) Rice grows abundantly in Bangladesh.
6. Adverb of order: ‡h mKj adverb Øviv wµqv m¤úv`‡bi µg †evSv‡bv nq Zv‡ì‡K adverb of order e‡j|
(i) He stood first, but failed to manage the situation.
(ii) Secondly, we should collect the money.
(iii) Finally, political parties sit on a negotiation table.
(iv) Lastly, bard of Bangladesh came.
7. Adverb of frequency: ‡h mKj adverb Øviv wµqv KZÿY ci ci msMwVZ nq Zv wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡ì‡K adverb of frequency e‡j|
(i) I have met him once in my office.
(ii) I always take fresh vegetables.
(iii) We normally go to the place.
(iv) My mother usually takes tea in the morning.
Relative adverb
Where, how, when, why BZ¨vw` adverb Gi antecedent _vK‡j Zv‡ì‡K relative adverb e‡j|
I know the way how he passed.
They went to the place where my uncle lived.
I know the time when he will come.
Interrogative adverb
‡h mKj adverb Øviv cÖkœ wRÁvwmZ nq Zv‡ì‡K interrogative adverb e‡j|
(i) Where does she live?
(ii) Why have you call me?
(iii) How does my sister come here?
(iv) How many students are absent today?
(v) Where are my shoes?
Adverbial particle
Preposition mg~n noun ev pronoun Gi c~‡e© eën„Z nq| †Kvb preposition noun ev pronoun Gi c~‡e© eëüZ bv n‡j Zv‡K
adverb/adverbial particle e‡j|
a) I climbed up, but he climbed down. (Adverbial particle)
I climbed up the tree, but he climbed down the statue. (preposition)
b) They requested me to come in. (adverbial particle)
They requested me to come in the room. (Preposition)
c) Whom did you talk with? (Adverbial particle)
He will go there with his father. (preposition)
Exercise:
1. The politician has arrived in a dramatical way.
2. The way how he has mitigated the issue is not clear to me.
3. When did you take the steps?
4. The man wanted little.
5. Mother normally prepares delicious dishes.

6. Secondly, you have to make some negotiation with the government.
7. They hence left the place.
8. Last night, the thief tried to steal some valuable material from our house.
9. My father takes physical exercise regularly.
10. It was the reason why he didn't pay heed to my words.
11. How have you come to know that the president will deliver his speech today?
12.You have been warned again and again.
13. They hardly attend in the physics class as it is too difficult a subject to them.
14. In order to make a cup of tea, firstly, you need to boil water in a kettle.
15. Next year, the England Government will send its delegates to make the agreement.
16. I have a dream that I will once shake my hand with the current prime minister of Bangladesh.
17. The teacher knew very little on how acids react with the agents.
18. Some students have to identify the place where laboratory work has been taken place.
19. Do you know that it is Brazil where coffee grows abundantly?
20. Did you see him while he was coming home?
Answers:
1) Adv of Manner 2) relative adv. 3) int. adv. 4) adv. Of degree 5) adv. Of frequency 6) adv. Of order 7) adv. Of
reason 8) adv. Of time 9) adv. Of frequency 10) relative adv. 11) int. adv, adv. Of time 12) adv. Of time 13) adv.
Of frequency 14) adv of reason 15) adv of time
Preposition (preposition Aa¨v‡q we¯ÍvwiZ †`Lyb)
▪ ‡h me word hviv †Kvb k‡ãi Av‡M ev c~e©eZ©x word Avi H word Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡K Preposition e‡j|
Example:
(i) I have a love for him.
(ii) She went into the him.
Conjunction (Sentence I clause Aa¨v‡q we¯ÍvwiZ †`Lyb)
▪ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK sentence †K †h word GK‡Î hy³ K‡i Zv‡K conjunction e‡j|
Example:
(i) I have two goldfish and a cat.
(ii) Neither the black dress nor the gray one looks right on me.
Conjunction `yB ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v:
▪ Subordinating or Subjective Conjunction:
Time till, until, before, when, while, since
Cause or Reason as, because, since
Purpose that, in order that, so that, lest
Condition if, whether or not, unless, provide.
Effect so……..that
Comparison Than, as……as, so…………as
Contrast Though, as, however
Manner as………as, according as
▪ Correlative Conjunction: wKQz wKQz conjunction Av‡Q hv‡`i GKwU word ev Ask Aci GKwU word ev As‡ki mv‡_ wg‡j
GK mv‡_ GKwU †hŠwMK conjunction G cwiYZ nq Ges GKwU gvÎ conjunction wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| G‡`i‡K Correlative
Conjunction e‡j| †hgb:
as……………as so……..…..as the same………………..as
both………....and neither…….nor no sooner……………….than
the same…….that such……….as such …...………………..that
Interjection
▪ ‡h mKj word cÖej ZvrÿwYK Av‡eM (myL, `ytL, nvwm, Kvbœv) cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Interjection e‡j| Interjection Gi ‡k‡l
exclamation mark (!) _v‡K A_ev (,) w`‡q Avjv`v Kiv _v‡K| †hgb- Ah! (Avnv!), Alas! (nvq!), Bravo! (kvevk!), Excellent!

(PgrKvi!), Fie! (waK!), Hello! (I‡n!), Hurrah! (ûi‡i!), Hush! (Pzc!), Heaven! (Ck¦i!), Oh! (In!), Shame! (wK j¾v!),
Tut! Tut! (wQ! wQ!)
▪ wKQy interjection phrase: Well done!, For shame!, Oh dear!, Dear me!, Oh my God!, Ah me!, Good gracious!,
Good heavens!, Hello! What are you doing here? How do you do? Oh! What a nice view. Oh! I got such a
fright. Hurrah! Our team won the game. Hush! Do not make a noise. Fie! You are a liar.
Step – 1: Word Gi Function Abyhvqx Parts of Speech Gi we‡kølY
1. bvg RvZxq kã‡K Noun wn‡m‡e wPwýZiKY : GKwU Noun e¨w³, ¯’vb, e¯‘ ev aviYvi (idea) bvg cÖKvk K‡i|
▪ Noun ‡K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v t
(i) Concrete: Alice, Dog, Table etc.
(ii) Abstract: Beauty, Independence, Cycle etc.
▪ Proper Noun ‡Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, ¯’vb eve e¯‘ Ges eo nv‡Zi Aÿ‡i wjwLZ cÖavb kãwU n‡Z cv‡i|
Example: Fred, New York, Fan, The Declaration of Independence
▪ Noun Singular ev Plural n‡Z cv‡i|
Example: Singular – Arm, Color, Custom etc.
Plural – Arms, Colors, Customs etc.
▪ Noun Possessive n‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b Giv mvaviYZ s ev es Øviv †kl nq|
Example: Raju’s, Roni’s, Koni’s, My father’s
▪ Verb Gi Object wn‡m‡e Noun e‡m|
Example: I eat rice. I like Moni.
▪ Article Gi c‡i Noun e‡m|
Example: the boy, the book.
▪ Preposition Gi c‡i Noun e‡m|
Example: on table, after launch, into garden
▪ Adjective Gi ci Noun e‡m|
Example: nice guy, beautiful girl, peaceful day.
2. Noun Gi cwie‡Z© hv e‡m Zv Pronoun: hLb e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb ev aviYvi bvg mivmwi cÖKvk K‡i bv ZLb Pronoun e‡m|
▪ e¨w³i bv‡gi cwie‡Z© wKQz Pronoun e‡m|
Example: He, She, Her, Our, We, Hers etc.
▪ wKQz Pronoun e¯‘ ev aviYvi bv‡gi cwi‡eZ© e‡m|
Example: It, They, This, That etc.
▪ †hLv‡b Noun Awbw`©ó Ges †Kv‡bv wKQzi ev Kv‡iv bvg †bIqv KwVb †mLv‡b Pronoun e‡m|
Example: Everybody, Everyone, Nobody, Something etc.
3. Action Word †K verb wn‡m‡e wPwýZ KiY: ‡h Word Kvh© cÖKvk K‡i (Ex.: run, cleaned, driven etc.)A_ev be
verb (is, was, have, been etc.)| Verb Gi GKvwaK Tense Av‡Q hv KLb †Kvb Kvh© msNwUZ n‡q‡Q Zv cÖKvk K‡i|
▪ Auxiliary verbs (mvnvh¨Kvix Verb): Example: am, is, are, do, does, did, have, has etc.
▪ Main Verbs: Example: caught, run, flied, go, drink etc.
4. Adjective Noun & Pronoun †K modify K‡i:
▪ Adjective noun ev Pronoun †K cÖfvweZ K‡i ev eY©bv K‡i|
Example: blue, many, smart etc.
▪ Adjective mvaviYZ “how many? What kind? or Which one?” BZ¨vw` cÖ‡kœi DËi †`q|
▪ Numbers (msL¨v) mvaviYZ Adjective wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq hLb Giv how many question Gi DËi †`q|
How to identify Parts of Speech

▪ Articles (A, An, The) ‡K Adjective wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq hv “Which one?” question Gi Answer ‡`q|
5. Adverb verb & Adjective ‡K modify K‡i:
▪ Noun ev Pronoun ‡K modify Kivi cwie‡Z© verb ev Adjective †K Adverb modify K‡i|
Example: happily, extremely, then etc.
▪ mvaviYZ Adverb “how (wKfv‡e)?, Why (‡Kb)?, When (KLb)? A_ev how much (KZ Lvwb)?” BZ¨vwì
cÖ‡kœi DËi †`q|
▪ Adverb Ab¨ adverb ‡K modify Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: I ran very quickly.
Adv. Adv.
▪ ev‡Kï †k‡li Preposition – Adverb Gi gZ KvR K‡i|
6. Preposition Kv‡iv mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i:
▪ mvaviYZ Noun, pronoun ev sentence Gi Ab¨ element Gi mv‡_ m¤úK© cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ preposition eëüZ
nq|
Example: at, by, in, out, from, with etc.
7. Conjunction `ywU clause ‡K mshy³ K‡i:
▪ Conjunction GKwU word hv Ab¨vb¨ Word, Phrases or clauses †K hy³ K‡i|
Example: and, that, but, or etc.
▪ Coordinating conjunctions `ywU principal clauses (`ywU c~Y© evK¨) †K hy³ K‡i|
Example: I like cats, but I do not like dogs.
▪ Subordinating conjunctions GKwU principal clause (c~Y© evK¨) Ges GKwU subordinate clause (Ac~Y©
evK¨) †K hy³ Ki‡Z eëûZ nq|
Example: I went outside, although it was raining.
8. Interjection we¯§qm~PK word cÖKvk K‡i:
▪ Interjection GKwU word ev Phrase hv emotion (Av‡eM), feeling (Abyf~wZ), Surprise (Avðh©) cÖKvk Ki‡Z
eëüZ nq|
Example: Oh!, wow!, Alas!, my goodness! etc.
Step – 2: Word Gi Ae¯’vb (Placement) Ges weivgwP‡ýi (Punctuation) mvnv‡h¨ Parts of Speech wPwýZKiY -
1. Sub – Verb – Object wbqg: Bs‡iwR fvlvi AwaKvsk sentence Gi MVb GKB iKg| GKwU sentence mvaviYZ subject
w`‡q ïiæ nq Zvic‡i Verb _v‡K Ges Gic‡i Object _v‡K|
GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg Av‡Q Z‡e GB wbqgwU eyS‡j AwaKvsk Sentence G Parts of Speech eySv mnR nq|
▪ Subject Ges Object DfqB GKwU sentence G Noun ev Pronoun wn‡m‡e _v‡K| A_©vr GKwU sentence
subject w`‡q ïiæ nq Ges Verb Gi c‡i object _v‡K Giv Noun ev Pronoun nq|
Example: I ate the apple.
Pronoun Noun
▪ Subject Ges object G modifier wn‡m‡e adjective I _v‡K| wb‡Pi D`vni‡Y noun – woman ‡K beautiful
we‡klvwqZ K‡i‡Q ZvB GwU GKwU adjective.
Example: A beautiful women was killed by herself.
Adj.
Subject = Noun phrase (a beautiful woman)
▪ hLb sentence Gi GKwU direct object _v‡K, GwU mvaviYZ verb Gi c‡i e‡m|
Example: I like cookies.
Noun
Ges hLb GKwU indirect object _v‡K GwU mvaviYZ preposition Gi c‡i e‡m|
Example: I gave the card to Frank.
Noun

2. Adjective Ges Adverb Gi mwVK Ae¯’vb eySv: hwÌ GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg Av‡Q, ZeyI adjective Ges adverb Gi Ae¯’vb
mn‡RB Aby‡gq| GB word ¸‡jv GKwU sentence Gi †Kv_vq e‡m Zv †R‡b mn‡R G‡ì wPwýZ Kiv hvq|
▪ Adjectives ¸‡jv mvaviYZ noun Ges pronoun Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
Example: We look at a red dress.
A_ev linking verb (to be) Gi c‡i e‡m|
Example: The dress is red.
▪ hLb adverb ¸‡jv adjective †K modify Ki‡Z eëüZ nq ZLb Zviv adjective Gi c~‡e© e‡m|
Example: The meal was truly delicious.
▪ hLb adverb ¸‡jv verb †K modify Ki‡Z eëüZ nq Zviv
Subject Gi c~‡e© e‡m,
Example: Later I will walk to school.
A_ev, mivmwi verb Gi c~‡e© e‡m,
Example: I will carefully clean the artifacts.
A_ev, mivmwi verb Gi c‡i e‡m,
Example: I go to the park frequently.
▪ KLb, †Kv_vq, wKfv‡e, †Kb, kZ©, KviY, djvdj BZ¨vw` †evSv‡j Adverb nq|
[Adverb mgq, ¯’vb, aiY, msL¨v, cwigvY, KviY, D‡Ïk¨, kZ© Ges êcixZ¡ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i]
Time : now, then, soon, early etc.
Place : here, there, far, near etc.
Manager : slowly, quickly, surely, probably etc.
Degree : very, much, partly, wholly etc.
Reason : as, so, because etc.
Condition: if, unless etc.
Contrast : though, although etc.
▪ Noun + ly = Adjective, Adjective + ly = Adverb
Friend (noun) + ly = friendly (adjective); Careful (adjective) + ly = carefully (adverb)
Jashim behaves me in a friendly way. (friendly = adjective)
He is a careful teacher. (careful=adjective)
I see he is a coward. (coward=noun)
They attacked us in a cowardly way. (cowardly=adjective)
The old man seems a miserly father. (miserly=adjective)
I hate a miser. (miser=noun)
▪ ev‡Kï †k‡li preposition adverb wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| †hgb:
Example: He went up. He came in. The sun has gone down.
Preposition Ges Adverb Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
Adverb/Adverbial Preposition Preposition
Go, and run about. Don’t loiter about the corridor.
I could not come before. He came the day before yesterday.
Has he come in? Is he in the room?
Raise your hands up. Jack and Jill went up the hill.
The wheel came off. The driver jumped off the car.
We went up. We went up the hill.
She walked on. She kept the book on the table.
3. Conjunctions ‡Pbvi Rb¨ Clause Ges Phrase wPwýZKiY: †h‡nZz conjunctions ¸‡jv mvaviYZ `y‡Uv clause ev
Phrases Gi gv‡S cvIqv hvq, myZivs G‡ì‡K `y‡Uv clause ev phrases Gi gv‡S cvIqv hvq, myZivs G‡ì‡K `y‡Uv clause ev
phrase Gi hy³Kvix wotd wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq|

▪ And I But Gi g‡Zv conjunctions ¸‡jv gv‡S gv‡S sentence Gi ïiæ‡ZI e¨eüZ nq| GB NUbv N‡U ZLb
Av‡iKwU clause c~‡e©i ev‡K¨ _v‡K|
Example:
(i) I go to the park every Sunday to watch the ducks on the lake and the shiftless men playing
soccer.
(ii) When I see you smile, I can face the world.
(iii) I always take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.
4. we¯§qm~PK wPý Øviv interjection wPwýZKiY: mvaviYZ interjection Gi c‡i we¯§qm~PK (!) wPý _v‡K KviY Giv Av‡eM
cÖKvk K‡i|
Examples:
(i) Ahh! That feels wonderful.
(ii) Alas! I am lost in the wilderness.
(iii) Bah! That was a total waste of time.
(iv) It is time for me to go. Cheerio!
(v) Congrats! You finally got your master’s degree.
5. Noun I Pronoun Gi mvnv‡h¨ Preposition wPwýZKiY: Preposition ¸‡jv mvaviYZ noun ev pronoun phrase Gi
c~‡e© e‡m|
Example: I went to the store.
GUvi KviY n‡jv Giv mvaviYZ Noun ev Pronoun Gi mv‡_ sentence Gi c~‡e©i As‡ki mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i|
Example:
(i) After several minutes we located the key for the door.
(ii) The flock of tiny swallows flew over the trees near the lake.
GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Preposition Gi c‡i Ges noun/pronoun Gi c~‡e© adjective, adverb I article _vK‡Z cv‡i|
GB modifier ¸‡jv‡K noun ev pronoun phrase Gi Ask ejv nq|
Example: He came by the office in a big hurry.
PP article noun PP article adj
Step – 3:
1. Suffixes (‡kl Aÿi¸‡jv) †`‡L Noun wPwýZKiY: hw` †Kvb word Gi A_© Rvbv bv _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î word Gi †kl Aÿi¸‡jv
†`‡L noun ‡Pbv hvq|
Example:
Suffix Words (Noun) Suffix Words (Noun)
sion Expression age passage, wastage
tion Assassination dom wisdom
hood Falsehood y honesty, beauty
ship Hardship ty frailty, anxiety
ness Sadness ity gravity, charity
ment achievement ry bravery
ce coherence e awe
cy intimacy ee payee
ch Breach r circular
th growth, truth tude magnitude
or Selector ence competence
er Adviser wood Hollywood
ur Imprimatur mony parsimony
ure departure red hatred
ism optimism ock hillock

ist misogynist ice advice, practice
2. Suffixes †`‡L adjective wPwýZKiY:
Suffix Words (Adjective) Suffix Words (Adjective)
tive abortive sive abrasive,
ful Awful nt abeyant
ic Artistic ary necessary, extraordinary
ory statutory ing absorbing, heartening
ed adorned less dauntless
ish bookish some quarrelsome
like childlike zl economical
able sustainable ible audible
ous deleterious
3. Suffixes Øviv verb wPwýZKiY:
suffixes Word (verb) Suffixes Word (verb)
ify Typify ate Proliferate
ize rationalize en tighten
4. mvaviYZ Adjective Gi mv‡_ ly hy³ Ki‡j Adverb cvIqv hvq| †hgb:
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
Honest Honestly Complete Completely
Real Really Clever Cleverly
Careful Carefully Skillful Skillfully
Angry Angrily Vigilant Vigilantly
Successful Successfully Correct Correctly
Warm Warmly
Words Adjective Adverb
Early He is an early riser. He started early.
Fast He is a fast runner. He runs fast.
Hard It is hard work. He works hard all the day.
Loud He speaks in a loud voice. Don’t sing so loud.
Enough I have enough food. She sings well enough.
Best He is the best boy in the class. Try best.
▪ −ly suffix QvovI adverb Av‡Q| †hgb: too, very, fast, well etc.
Step – 4:
Gerund: Verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM n‡q hw` noun Gi KvR K‡i A_©vr verb I noun Gi KvR K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡K Gerund
e‡j|
Gerund = Verb + ing = verb + noun = noun
Example:
(i) Swimming is good for health.
(ii) I like dancing.
(iii) Reading books is my hobby.
[Note: Gerund Øviv w¯’i Ae¯’v ev KvR †evSvq|]
Present Participle and past participle: Verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM n‡q hw` Adjective Gi KvR K‡i A_©vr verb I
adjective Gi KvR K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡K Present Participle bv‡g AwewnZ Kiv nq|
Present Participle = Verb + ing = Verb + Adjective = Adjective ; confuse + ing = confusing (adjective)

Past participle: verb+ d/ed ev verb3 ev verb PP form = adjective, confuse + d = confused (adjective)
Example:
(i) A rolling stone gathers no moss.
(ii) She is swimming.
(iii) I saw a flying bird.
(iv) His painted skin is gorgeous.
(v) I have forgotten my lines.
[Note: Present Participle Øviv Pjgvb sense ‡evSvq|]
Step – 5: Sentence G noun/pronoun, adjective, adverb BZ¨vwì Ae¯’vb|
Noun:
1. Determiner Gici †Kej GKwU word _vK‡j Zv wbwðZfv‡e
noun nq| GKvwaK word _vK‡j ‡k‡liwU noun nq|
Determiner Kx Rvb‡Z determiner Aa¨vqwU †`Lyb|
I walked for a while.
Yesterday, he had made a but.
Rumi is an Islamic philosopher.
The man was placed in the high.
2. Determiner Ges Preposition Gi gv‡S GKwU word
_vK‡j Zv noun nq|
This is the go of the day.
We had no say in the decision to sell the company.
What make of car does he drive?
It is the talk of the campus.
3. Preposition Gic‡i GKwU word _vK‡j Zv noun nq|
GKvwaK word _vK‡j †k‡liwU noun nq|
Please, handle with care.
Now, he is at play.
Is religion always a force for good?
The girl is fond of music.
4. Modifier Ges preposition Gi gv‡S GKwU word _vK‡j
Zv noun nq|
The judge has the final say on the sentence.
There are so many different makes to choose from.
The player made an excellent over in the match.
5. Subject wn‡m‡e noun nq|
Kindness is a virtue.
Honesty is the best policy.
Childhood is always fascinating in our life.
6. Object/Object complement wn‡m‡e noun nq|
We have taken shelter under a big tree.
The teacher provided little in the class.
We made him captain.
7. Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j Zv common noun nq|
The poor are always dominated.
The brave are happy.
The rich will be awarded.
Adjective:
1. Determiner Ges noun Gi gv‡S adjective eëüZ nq|
The calling bell is out of order.
It is our central library.
The up train is late today.
I slept a sound sleep.
2. Linking verb Gi ci/subject complement wn‡m‡e
adjective eëüZ nq|
I feel tired.
The pie tastes delicious.
That perfume smells sweet.
3. Determiner Ges modifier wn‡m‡e adjective eëüZ nq|
He wanted some white dresses.
What an exciting movie it was!
Every man is potential.
4. Noun Gi c~‡e© adjective eëüZ nq|
He was a rather disagreeable man.
She is a wonderful college girl.
5. Adverb Gici adjective eëüZ nq|
Depression is often hereditary.
I find it very unlikely.
Adverb:
1. mvaviYZ adverb mg~n g~j verb/object Gic‡i eëüZ nq|
We came dramatically.
I looked everywhere.
I met him yesterday.
He will come home.
2. wKš‘ verb + preposition + object _vK‡j adverb of
manner mg~n preposition Gi c~‡e© A_ev object Gic‡i †h
†Kvb ¯’v‡b eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
He looked suspiciously at me. Or, He looked at me
suspiciously.
The girl stared angrily at me. Or, The girl stared at
me angrily.
The boy looks carefully after his parents. Or, The
boy looks after his parents carefully.
3. wKšÍy adverb of place me©`v preposition/object/verb Gi
c‡i eëüZ nq|
She lives in a small slum.

He lives abroad.
I looked for it everywhere.
The man climbed up somewhere.
4. Adverb of manner + adverb of place + adverb of
time
He spoke well at the meeting on Friday.
He spoke manner place time
Peter sang the song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.
manner place time
5. ‡Kej GKwU verb _vK‡j adverb of frequency (always,
continually, once, twice, repeatedly, usually,
normally, generally, never, ever, sometimes, seldom,
almost, already, hardly, rarely, often, nearly,
occasionally, frequently) g~j verb Gi Av‡M eëüZ nq|
Verb Gi g‡a¨ GKvwaK word _vK‡j adverb of frequency
cÖ_g word Gic‡i e‡m|
Her mother never cooks.
He is hardly trying to be a pilot.
They always play cricket.
I often visit my grandmother.
6. wKš‘ D³ adverb mg~n be verb Gic‡i eëüZ nq|
I am never late for school.
We were just off yesterday.
7. ‡Rvi cÖ`vb Kiv †evSv‡j adverb mg~n auxiliary verb/be
verb Gi c~‡e© eëüZ nq|
Babu has always come late. Yes, he always does
come late.
Do you take potatoes at breakfast? Yes, I usually do.
I really am sorry for the work.
8. Adverb mg~n modal auxiliary Gi Av‡M ev c‡i †h †Kvb
¯’v‡b eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
She could have easily been killed. Or, She could
easily have been killed.
We always used to go to the seaside in May. Or, We
used always to go to the seaside in May.
9. Fast, far, well, hard, late Ges little GB kã¸‡jv
adjective Ges adverb Dfq wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
There is little water in the glass. (adjective)
He wants little. (adverb)
Shamim is a fast runner. (adjective)
Shamim runs fast. (adverb)
The train comes late. (adverb)
It is a late train. (adjective)
10. Enough kãwU adverb wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡j Zv adjective
Gic‡i eëüZ nq|
He is meritorious enough to pass in the exam.
He spoke loud enough to be heard.
Step-6: Same word used as different parts of speech (GKB word wfbœ wfbœ parts of speech wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|)
About
Adv. He is walking about.
Prep. What do you know about him?
Above
Noun I look for help from above.
Adj. Give the substance of the
above passage.
Adv Look above.
Prep. He is above meanness.
After
Adj. His after life was miserable.
Adv. He came soon after.
Prep. There is none to look after me
here.
Conj. He went after we had left.
All
Noun I have lost my all.
Adj. All men must die.
Pron. All of us know it
Adv. He came all on a sudden.
Any
Adj. Any pen will do.
Noun Point out the errors if there be
any.
Adv. I cannot bear this any longer.
As
Rel Pron. This is same book as that.
Simple
Adv.
Come as soon as you can.
Conj. As I am ill, I cannot go.
Back
Noun He struck me on the back.
Adj. He escaped by the back door.
Verb He backed me in the trial.
Adv. Come back as soon as possible.
Before
Adv. I saw him once before.
Prep. He stood before me.
Conj. Look before you leap.
Better
Noun Respect your betters.
Adj. He is a better singer than I.
Adv. He knows English better than I.
Verb Try to better your lot.
Both
Adj. Both the boys must be guilty.
Pron. Both of them were present. Both

were present.
Adv. She is both dead and buried
Conj. Both he and Ram must be guilty.
But
Rel Pron. There was none but shed tears.
Adv. You are but(=only) a child.
Prep. None but him was present there.
Co-ord.
Conj.
He is poor but honest.
Sub-ord.
Conj.
It never rains but it pours.
Verb But me no buts.
Noun But me no buts.
By
Adj. His action surprised the by
standers.
Adv. The train has passed by.
Prep. Sit by me.
Close
Noun The ceremony came to a close.
Adj. He is close friend of mine.
Verb The school closes at 4 p. m.
Adv. Our examination is close at hand.
Down
Noun. He has ups and downs in life. He
sleeps on a bed of down (feather).
Adj. The down train is coming.
Adv. The sun has gone down.
Prep. The boat is sailing down the
river.
Either
Adj. There are trees on either side of
the street.
Pron. Either of the pencils will do.
Either will do.
Conj. Either you or your brother should
go.
Fast
Noun A well-timed fast is better than a
cure.
Adj. He is my fast friend.
Verb He fasts every Sunday.
Adv. Don't run so fast.
Enough
Noun We have had enough of
everything.
Adj. I have money enough for the
purpose.
Adv. He is strong enough to walk.
Few
Noun A few of his friends were present
there.
Adj. There are few men here.
Pron. Few know where he is.
Half
Noun The half of ten is five.
Adj. We shall have a half- holiday
today.
Adv. He was half dead with fear.
Last
Noun He will fight to the last.
Adj. I shall go by the last train.
Verb It will last long.
Adv. He came last.
Less
Adj. I want less sugar.
Pron. I cannot take less.
Adv. He is less clever than his brother.
Prep. Pay me the price less the usual
discount.
Like
Noun Like begets like. I have not seen
the like of him.
Adj. Like (similar) forces repel each
other.
Adv. He seemed angry like.
Verb I do not like him.
Prep. Do not talk like that.
Little
Noun I got little of his company.
Adj. He is a little boy.
Adv. He is little liked by the people.
Long
Noun He will come before long.
Adj. It is a long story.
Verb Boys long for holidays.
Adv. I cannot wait long.
Many
Noun A great many stayed away.
Adj. I have many friends.
Pron. Many have seen the sight.
More
Adj. I want more money.
Pron. I hope to see more of you.
Adv. Be more careful.
Much
Adj. The news gives me much
pleasure.

Pron. Too much of anything is bad.
Adv. It will not harm me much.
Near
Adj. He is a near relation of mine.
Verb The ship is nearing the shore.
Adv. Come near.
Prep. I saw the man near the station
Need
Noun I am in need of your advice.
Verb I need your help.
Adv. He must needs go there.
Neither
Adj. Neither report is true.
Pron. Neither of the report is true.
Next
Noun Details will be given in my next.
Adj. He came the next day.
Adv. He came next.
Prep. He sat next (also, next to) me in
the class.
One
Noun I am at one with you.
Adj. Give me one rupee.
Pron. One should obey one's parents.
Only
Adj. He was the only son of his father.
Adv. He can only read.
Conj. You may go there, only remain
silent.
Past
Noun I cannot forget the past.
Adj. My past life was miserable.
Adv. : I saw him hasten past.
Prep. : It is half past three now.
Right
Noun You have no right to do it.
Adj. Show me your right hand.
Verb I shall right the wrong.
Adv. He walked right across the
garden.
Round
Noun The watchman is on his rounds.
Adj. Draw a round figure.
Verb Who rounded the Cape of Good
Hope?
Adv. The earth moves round and
round.
Prep. Drake sailed round the world.
Since
Adv. He died two weeks since.
Prep. He has been ill since that day.
Conj. Since you are ill you need not go.
So
Pron. So and so told me this. I said so.
Adv. I am so glad you have passed.
Conj. He was ill, so he could not go.
Interj. A little to the right, so!
Some
Pron. Some of them were present there.
Adj. Give me some milk.
Adv. Some fifty men were present
there.
Still
Noun The thief came in the still of
night.
Adj. The night is still.
Verb Still the child.
Adv. He is still there.
Conj. He was weak, still he went.
That
Adj. Who is that boy?
Rel.
Pron.
The book that I bought have been
stolen.
Dem.
Pron.
That is just what I want.
Adv. I will go that far.
Rel. Adv. It was yesterday that we came.
Conj. He told me that he was ill.
Then
Noun I shall be ready by then.
Adj. The then Governor approved the
bill.
Adv. He came to me then.
Conj. If you are ill, then you may go.
Up
Noun He has had ups and downs in life.
Adj. The up-train is coming,
Adv. The sun is up.
Prep. He went up the hill.
Well
Noun Let well alone. A well was dug
there.
Adj. I am quite well.
Adv. You have done well.
Interj. Well, what do you want?
What
Int. Pron. What is your name?
Rel. That is just what I want.

Pron.
Int. Adj. What book do you like best?
Adv. What (=partly) with illness and
what with poverty, he could not
continue his studies.
Interj. What! can this be true?
While
Noun I worked for a while.
Verb Do not while away your time.
Conj. While I was reading, I fell
asleep.
Worth
Noun H is a man of no worth.
Wrong
Noun He has done no wrong.
Adj. You have followed the wrong
path.
Verb You have wronged me.
Adv. He led me wrong.
Exercise
Identify parts of speech the following underline words:
1. Frailty the name is women.
2. All spoke in his favour.
3. I am in the process of collecting material for
my story.
4. We came to an abandoned house.
5. The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby.
6. Only can be affected by the grammatical
category known as ‘number’.
7. The farmer reached home after it had started
raining.
8. The day of my sister’s marriage is drawing near.
9. Honesty is the best policy.
10. I know that he is well.
11. Still water runs deep.
12. I walked for a while.
13. The book was neither well-written nor
interesting.
14. Examination are frightening.
15. This is my village.
16. The fight arrived late.
17. Either of the two girls will be awarded.
18. The Matter was left in abeyance.
19. I will watch while you sleep.
20. It is the talk of the campus.
21. Find out this text in your text book.
22. He reached home safely.
23. You have no right to do it.
24. Man cannot live alone.
25. She went on a painstaking exploration.
26. The man talks as if he knew me.
27. How fast the boy runs.
28. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
29. Walking is a good exercise.
30. Rizvi requested Rini over telephone to attend
the meeting.
31. He is the best analyzed in Dr. Saxena’s book.
32. We felt very tired.
33. He was a rather disagreeable man.
34. Oil your own machine.
35. He has already finished his homework.
36. Depression is often hereditary.
37. Muslims fast during Ramdan.
38. Although traffic in Dhaka city is increasing,
no one is doing anything about it.
39. There is little water in the pot.
40. The bird sings sweetly.
41. All men are mortal.
42. I water the plants.
43. We must buy the tickets next day.
44. He is better worker than I.
45. He runs fast.
46. Karim is the most intelligent boy in the class.
47. Tareq was a bright student.
48. The boy writes well.
49. The boy is very meritorious.
50. He sleeps a sound sleep.
51. Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
52. I cannot help going there.
53. The programmed was telecast live.
54. I heard the little boy crying.
55. Please take what I have only let me go.
56. He sat beside me.
57. The water of this bottle is very clear.
58. The more you read, the more you learn.
59. I count upon your help.
60. After the storm comes the calm.

Answer:
1. Noun 13. Conjunction 25. Adjective 37. Verb 49. Adjective
2. Pronoun 14. Adjective 26. Conjunction 38. Conjunction 50. Adjective
3. Noun 15. Noun 27. Adverb 39. Adjective 51. Conjunction
4. Adjective 16. Adverb 28. Adjective 40. Adverb 52. Verb
5. Adverb 17. Pronoun 29. Noun 41. Adjective 53. Adverb
6. Noun 18. Noun 30. Preposition 42. Verb 54. Verb
7. Conjunction 19. Conjunction 31. Adjective 43. Adverb 55. Conjunction
8. Adverb 20. Noun 32. Adjective 44. Adjective 56. Preposition
9. Noun 21. Noun & Adjective 33. Adjective 45. Verb 57. Noun
10. Conjunction 22. Adverb 34. Verb 46. Adjective 58. Adverb
11. Adjective 23. Noun 35. Adverb 47. Adjective 59. Preposition
12. Noun 24. Adverb 36. Adjective 48. Adverb 60. Adverb
MORE EXERCISE ON IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF SPEECH
1) I have done no wrong.
2) The above of our home is nicely decorated.
3) I will take a no
4) He sat beside me.
5) He works hard to manage the hard work.
6) He receives a deep cut.
7) He went off in the opposite direction.
8) It rained without any break.
9) Tareq was a bright student.
10) He is little known.
11) Many arguments were taken.
12) Examinations are frightening.
13) He is a better worker than I am.
14) Which book do you want?
15) It is no joke.
16) He sleeps a sound sleep.
17) Give place to your betters.
18) Let us have a look.
19) It was a will of my father.
20) I have many does here.
21) Some are born genius.
22) What time did he get home last night?
23) He stood before me.
24) It was your buts.
25) Our blessings come from above.
26) They ran fast.
27) The better of the two books will be bought.
28) Let us have no buts.
29) The cricket match was telecast live.
30) We have a legendary past to be proud of.
31) I was informed of her likes.
32) The boy writes well.
33) We have a legendary past to be proud of.
34) Do you know that it was her go?
35) The journey was pleasant.
36) Rini is a beauty of the class.
37) I provided her the all of our meeting.
38) Give place to his betters.
39) The boys went inside to eat dinner.
40) Mr.Zaman prides himself on his son's
success.
41) My mother appreciated my like.
42) I will put you down as a no.
43) Bangladesh team seored 250 runs.
44) What is the depth of the pond?
45) He actually wanted to have motherly
affection from her.
46) He kept the fast for a week.
47) I always like her childish activity.
48) The matter was left in abeyance.
49) The situation was intolerable.
50) The mutton has too much fat on it.
51) Radiation is bad for health.
52) There is some cause for concern.
53) I want your help.
54) Her knows better.
55) He was forbidden to enter the room without
his mother's permission.
56) Do your does.
57) Man can't live alone.
58) He always tells the truth.
59) Little is fulfilled in the meeting.
60) Analyze the above sentence.
61) He led me wrong.
62) What colour do you like most?
63) The petition has been signed by concerned
citizens.
64) The evolution of vertebrates suggests
development from a very simple heart in fish to
a four -chamber heart in a man.

65) Detail will be given in my next.
66) Our blessing comes from the above.
67) I love his wells.
68) He lost his all in a hurry.
69) Akbar still works in that office.
70) I rather like the smell of petrol.
71) The manufacturer should fix the market
price of the product.
72) He has seen the ups of life.
73) He lost his all in speculation.
74) Head is a vital organ of human body.
75) My needs are few.
76) A down in life may lead us to distress.
77)Enough has been stolen from this house.
78) They provide no less.
79) I will watch while you sleep.
80) He will come before long.
81) All business students must take the
Graduate Management Admission Test.
82) It was a large catch.
83) It was an urgent need.
84) I didn`t lose, but yours was a better buy.
85) It is the once for your livelihood.
86) The Canterbury Tales, written about 1386,is
very appealing today as it was nearly 600
years ago.
87) You have done the right.
88) He was wise enough to accept the offer.
89) Joe has been selected for first round.
90) It is an up of your life. Don't be afraid.
91) We played a good cricket in the first round.
92) I don't know the why of it.
93) The book was neither well-written nor
interesting.
94) The Canterbury Tales, written about 1386, is
very apealing today as it was nearly 600
years ago.
95) I am in the process of collecting material for
my story.
96) The day of my sister's marriage is drawing
near.
97) I can't tell you how l did it.
98) I saw him once before.
99) A barking dog seldom bites.
100) Hardly coming, he has meet me.
Answers:
1. Noun
2. Noun
3. Noun
4. Preposition
5. Adv, adj
6. Noun
7. Adj
8. Noun
9. Adj
10. Adv
11. Noun
12. Adj
13. Adj
14. Adj
15. Adj
16. Adj
17. Noun
18. Noun
19. Noun
20. Noun
21. Pronoun
22. Adv
23. Preposition
24. Noun
25. Noun
26. Adv
27. Noun
28. Noun
29. Adv
30. Adj
31. Noun
32. Adv
33. Adj
34. Noun
35. Adj
36. Noun
37. Noun
38. Noun
39. Adv
40. Pronoun
41. Noun
42. Noun
43. Adj
44. Noun
45. Adj
46. Noun
47. Adj
48. Noun
49. Adj
50. Noun
51. Noun
52. Noun
53. Noun
54. Adv
55. Adj
56. Adv
57. Adv
58. Adv
59. Noun
60. Noun
61. Noun
62. Adj
63. Adj
64. Adj
65. Noun
66. Noun
67. Noun
68. Noun
69. Adv
70. Adv
71. Adj
72. Noun
73. Noun
74. Noun
75. Noun
76. Noun
77. Noun
78. Noun
79. Conjun
ction
80. Adv
81. Adj
82. Noun
83. Noun
84. Noun
85. Noun
86. Adj
87. Noun
88. Adv
89. Noun
90. Noun
91. Noun
92. Noun
93. Conjun
ction
94. Adj
95. Noun
96. Adv
97. Conjun
ction
98. Adv
99. Adv
100. adv

Exercise (Self Study)
Exercise_1: Find the identify parts of speech the following underline words:
1. He kept the fast for a week.
2. He actually wanted to have motherly affection
from her.
3. I know better.
4. He lost his all in speculation.
5. His total score was 145 runs.
6. Give place to your betters.
7. Please, come again.
8. He reached home safely.
9. He has done no wrong.
10. This mutton has too much fat on it.
11. I saw you once before.
12. This is the fashion of the day.
13. He always tells the truth.
14. The hungry cat scratched at the back door.
15. We spend the summer months at the beach.
16. I left my backpack in the car this morning.
17. When it rains, I like to go to the movies.
18. He sat by the window and watched the rain.
19. I could hardly hear them speaking.
20. My cat prefers dry food.
21. He is always watching a football game.
22. I got a new football for my birthday.
23. I learned a lot about grammar in third grade.
24. I usually don’t like to go shopping.
Interchange of parts of speech
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
Ability Enable Able Ably
Anger Anger Angry Angrily
Awe Awe Awful Awfully
Acceptance Accept Acceptable Acceptably
Action Act/activate/enact Active Actively
Acceleration Accelerate Accelerated -
Addition Add Additional Additionally
Admiration Admire Admirable Admirably
Admission Admit Admissible Admissibly
Adventure Adventure Adventurous Adventurously
Advice Advise Advisable Advisably
Agreement Agree Agreeable Agreeably
Allowance Allow Allowable Allowably
Analysis Analyze/analyse Analytical Analytically
Antagonism Antagonize Antagonistic Antagonistically
Apology Apologize Apologetic Apologetically
Appreciation Appreciate Appreciable Appreciably
Argument Argue Arguable Arguably
Assurance Assure Assured Assuredly
Attention Attend Attentive Attentively
Attraction Attract Attractive Attractively
Authority Authorize Authoritative Authoritatively
Base Base Basic/baseless Basically/baselessly
Beauty Beautify Beautiful Beautifully
Blessing Bless Blessed -
Brevity Abbreviate Brief Briefly
Belief Believe Believable Believably
Blood Bleed Bloody Bloodily
Book Book Bookish -
Breach Break Breakable -
Business Busy Busy Busily
Burial Bury Buried -
Care Care Careful/careless Carefully/carelessly
Centre Centralize Central Centrally
Certainty Ascertain Certain Certainly

Ceremony - Ceremonial Ceremonially
Character Characterize Characteristic Characteristically
Clarity Clarify Clear Clearly
Circle Encircle Circular -
Charity - Charitable Charitably
Class Classify Classified Classifiably
Colony Colonize Colonial/colonized -
Colour Colour Colourful Colourfully
Comfort Comfort Comfortable Comfortably
Credit Credit Creditable/credible Creditably/credibly
Commerce Commercialize Commercial Commercially
Company Accompany Companionable -
Condition - Conditional Conditionally
Convenience - Convenient Conveniently
Courage Encourage Courageous Courageously
Credulity - Credulous Credulously
Crime - Criminal Criminally
Critic/criticism Criticize Critical Critically
Celebration/celebrity Celebrate Celebrated -
Choice Choose Chosen -
Closure Close Closed Closely
Commitment Commit Committed Competitively
Compulsion Compel Compulsive Compulsively
Conclusion Conclude Conclusive Conclusively
Conquest Conquer Conquerable -
Corruption Corrupt Corrupt/corruptible -
Danger Endanger Dangerous Dangerously
Darkness Darken Dark Darkly
Debate Debate Debatable Debatably
Democracy Democratize Democratic Democratically
Discipline Discipline Disciplinary -
Drama Dramatize Dramatic Dramatically
Duty - Dutiful Dutifully
Deception, deceit Deceive Decisive Decisively
Definition Define Defined Definitely
Detection Detect Detective -
Determination Determine Determined -
Devotion Devote Devotional Devotionally
Difference Differentiate Different Differently
Digestion Digest Digestive Digestive
Division Divide Divisional Divisionally
Departure Depart Departed -
Ease Ease Easy Easily
Effect Effect Effective Effectively
Energy Energise Energetic Energetically
Envy Envy Envious Enviously
Eye Eye Ocular Ocularly
Edition Edit Editorial -
Education Educate Educational Educationally
Extension Extend Extensive Extensively
Favour Favour Favourite Favorably
Fear Fear Fearful Fearfully
Facility Facilitate Facilitating -

Figure Figure Figurative Figuratively
Force Force Forceful Forcefully
Fool Befool Foolish Foolishly
Form Form Formal Formally
Friend Befriend Friendly In a friendly way
Falsehood Falsify False Falsely
Glory Glory/glorify Glorious Gloriously
Globalization Globalize Global Globally
Grace Grace Graceful Gracefully
Generation Generate Generative Generatively
Government Govern Governmental Governmentally
Gradation Grade Gradual Gradually
Hardness Harden Hard Hard
Hatred Hate Hateful -
Hand Handle Handy -
Habit Habituate Habitual Habitually
Happiness - Happy Happily
Heart Hearten Hearty Heartily
Health Heal Healthy Healthily
History - Historical Historically
Honour Honour Honorable Honorably
Humour Humour Humorous Humorously
Hesitation Hesitate Hesitant Hesitantly
Hope Hope Hopegul Hopefully
Help Help Helpful Helpfully
Identification Identify Identified -
Ignorance Ignore Ignorant Ignorantly
Innocence - Innocent Innocently
Illumination Illuminate Illuminative -
Imagination Imagine Imaginative Imaginatively
Imitation Imitate imitative Imitatively
Information Inform Informative Informatively
Interest Interest Interesting Interestingly
Joy Enjoy Joyful Joyfully
Justice Justify Just Justly
Joint Join Joint Jointly
Knowledge Know Knowledgeable Knowledgeably
Laughter Laugh Laughable Laughably
Length Lengthen Long Lengthwise
Life Live Lively -
Locality Localize Local Locally
Loss Lose Lost -
Matter Materialize Material Materially
Measure Measure Measurable Measurably
Memory Memorize Memorable Memorably
Method Methodize Methodical Methodically
Marriage Marry Marriageable -
Marvel Marvel Marvelous Marvelously
Movement Move Movable Movably
Nation Nationalise National Nationally
Nature Naturalise Natural Naturally
Necessity Necessitate Necessary Necessarily
Need Need Needful Needfully

Negligence Neglect Negligent Negligently
Notification Notify Notified -
Obedience Obey Obedient Obediently
Objection Object Objective Objectively
Obligation Oblige Obliging Obligingly
Observation Observe Observant Observantly
Occupation Occupy Occupational Occupationally
Operation Operate Operational Operationally
Office Officiate Official Officially
Origin Originate Original Originally
Package/packet Pack Packed -
Patience - Patient Patiently
Passage Pass Passed/passable Passably
Peace Pacify Peaceful Peacefully
People Populate Populous -
Popularity Popularize Popular Popularly
Performance Perform Performed -
Permission Permit Permissible Permissibly
Pollution Pollute Pollutant Pollutantly
Quarrel Quarrel Quarrelsome Quarrelsomely
Question Question Questionable Questionably
Quotation Quote Quotable -
Reality Realize Real Really
Reason Reason Reasonable Reasonably
Response Respond Responsive -
Rest Rest Restful Restfully
Relation Relate Relative Relatively
Resolution Resolve Resolute Resolutely
Rotation Rotate Rotational Rotationally
Safety Save Safe Safely
Sale Sell Saleable -
Service Serve Serviceable Serviceably
Selection Select Selective Selectively
Shortness Shorten Short Shortly
Silence Silence Silent Silently
Sleep Sleep Asleep Sleeplessly
Society Socialize Social Socially
Strength Strengthen Strong Strongly
Success Succeed Successful Successfully
System Systematize Systematic Systematically
Satisfaction Satisfy Satisfactory Satisfactorily
Surety Ensure Sure Surely
Tale Tell Telling -
Treatment Treat Treatable -
Triumph Triumph Triumphant Triumphantly
Thanks Thank Thankful Thankfully
Tolerance Tolerate Tolerant Tolerantly
Trust Trust Trustful/trustworthy Trustfully/trustworthy
Unity Unite United Unitedly
Usefulness Use Useful Usefully
Vacancy Vacate Vacant Vacantly
Victim Victimize Victimized -
Violence - Violent Violently

Voice Voice Vocal Vocally
Wastage Waste Wasteful Wastefully
Weakness Weaken Weak Weakly
Weight Weigh Weighty Weightily
Width Widen Wide Widely
Replace one Part of Speech for another (GKB ev‡K¨i A_© wVK †i‡L parts of speech Gi cwieZ©b)
EXAMPLE
Replace noun by verb
Eg.: The cost is twelve rupees.
It costs twelve rupees.
Eg.: These mangoes have a sweet smell but a sour
taste.
These mangoes smell sweet but taste sour.
EXAMPLE
Replace adverb by verb
Eg.: They welcomed the good news most joyfully.
They welcomed the good news with great joy.
Eg.: He is admittedly the greatest general of the
country.
Everyone admits that he is the greatest general
of the country.
EXAMPLE
Replace verbs & adjectives by nouns
Eg.: Though the ant is small it is as intelligent as the
elephant.
Though the ant is small, its intelligence is
similar to that of the elephant.
Eg.: I cannot consent to your going.
I cannot give my consent to your going.
EXAMPLE
Replace noun & adverb by adjective
Eg.: He fought bravely.
He put up a brave fight.
Eg.: The Act gave freedom to the negro slaves.
The Act made the negro slaves free.
EXAMPLE
Replace noun & adjective by adverb
Eg.: We passed an anxious hour.
We passed an hour anxiously.
Study the following examples: -
1. That kind of joke does not amuse me.
That kind of joke does not give me any amusement
2. It costs twelve rupees.
The cost is twelve rupees.
3. He has disgraced his family.
He is a disgrace to his family.
4. He fought bravely.
He put up a brave fight.
5. The treaty of Salbai should be remembered as one
of the landmarks in
the history of India.
The treaty of Salbai is worthy of remembrance as
one of the landmarks
in the history of India.
6. I cannot consent to your going.
I cannot give my consent to your going.
7. He gave a curt reply.
He replied curtly.
8. He showed generosity even to his enemies.
He was generous even to his enemies.
9. There is a slight difference between the two
shades.
The two shades are slightly different.
10. The Act made the negro slaves free.
The Act gave freedom to the negro slaves.
11. I see him every day.
I see him daily.
12. He examined the document carefully.
He examined the document with care.
13、We passed an anxious hour.
We passed an hour anxiously.
14. Few historians have written in a more interesting
manner than Gibbon.
Few historians have written more interestingly than
Gibbon.
15.He presumptuously Ignored my advice.
He presumed to Ignore my advice.
Exercise: (a) In the following sentences replace
the Nouns in italics by verbs:-
1. He rejected all our proposals.
2. Steel gains strength from the addition of nickel.
3. He made an agreement to supply me with
firewood.
4. His purpose is not clear from his letter.
5. You cannot gain admission without a ticket.
6. He has no intention of leaving the city.
7. I have a disinclination for work to-day.

8. He made a success of al his undertakings.
9. These mangoes have a sweet smell but a sour
taste.
（b) Rewrite the following sentences so as to
replace the Adverbs in italics by verbs:-
1. The defenders successfully repelled every attack
on the city.
2. This scene is surpassingly beautiful.
3.He is admittedly the greatest general of the country.
4. They welcomed the good news most joyfully.
（c) Rewrite the following sentences so as to
replace the Verbs and Adjectives in italics by
corresponding Nouns:-
1. Though the ant is small it is as intelligent as the
elephant.
2. He said he regretted that he had acted so hastily.
3. He was so active in his old age that everybody
admired him.
4. Before I pay you what is due you must sign this
receipt.
5. The best way to be healthy is to be temperate in
all things.
（d) Rewrite the following sentences, replacing
Nouns and Adverbs in italics by Adjectives of
similar meaning :-
1. In all probability the day will be fine.
2. The rats gave us a great deal of trouble.
3. He was dismissed for negligence rather than
incompetence.
4. He was admittedly clever, but he evidently lacked
industry.
5. The merchant had great success in all his dealings,
and was naturally
esteemed by his fellow citizens.
（e) Rewrite the following sentences replacing
Nouns and Adjectives in italics by Adverbs of
similar meaning:-
1. Her dress was poor and mean.
2. He broke the rules without any intention of doing
so. but it does not follow that his punishment was
wrong.
3. His mistake was evident, but his sincerity was also
obvious.
4. By a careful analysis of these substances, you will
see that they differ in essence.
Answers:
(a) 1. He rejected all that we proposed.
2. Steel is strengthened by the addition of nickel.
3. He agreed to supply me with firewood.
4. What he intends is not clear from his letter.
5. You cannot be admitted without a ticket.
6. He does not intend to leave the city.
7. I am disinclined to work today.
8. He succeeded in all that he undertook.
9. These mangoes smell sweet but taste sour.
（b) 1. The defenders succeeded in repelling every
attack on the city.
2. This scene surpasses all others in beauty.
3. It is admitted that he is the greatest general of the
century.
4. They rejoiced most at the good news.
（c) 1. Though the ant is small it has as much
intelligence as the elephant.
2.He expressed regret for his hasty act. (or action)
3. He was so full of activity in his old age that he
won everybody’s admiration.
4. Before I pay you your dues, you must affix your
signature to this receipt.
5.The best way to maintain health is to observe
temperance in all things.
（d) 1. It is quite probable that the day will be fine.
2. The rats were greatly troublesome to us.
3. He was dismissed for being negligent rather than
for being incompetent.
4. It was an admitted fact that he was clever, but it
was evident that he lacked industry.
5. The merchant was greatly successful in all his
dealings, and it was natural that he was esteemed by
his fellow citizens.
（e) 1. He was poorly and meanly dressed.
2. He broke the rules without any intention of doing
so. but it does not follow that he was wrongly
punished.
3. He was evidently mistaken but obviously sincere.
4. By carefully analysing these substances you will
see that they are essentially different.
weMZ cÖkœvejx:
2019-2020
1. Change the parts of speech of the underlined
word as directed in brackets without changing
meaning:
(i) At last he was successful in his venture. (use verb
form of ‘successful’)
(ii) The child resembles his mother. (use noun form
of ‘resemble’)
(iii) You should take your examination with
confidence. (use adverb form of ‘confidence’)

(iv) His parents are lucky to have a son who obeys
them. (use adjective form of ‘obey’)
(v) He made and agreement with her to complete the
job. (use verb form of ‘agreement’)
Answers:
(i) At last he succeeded in his venture.
(ii) The child has resemblance with his mother.
(iii) You should take your examination confidently.
(iv) His parents are lucky to have an obedient son.
(v) He agreed with her to complete the job.
word as directed in brackets without changing
meaning:
(i) The cost of these ornaments is very high. (use
verb form)
(ii) Shakespeare is admitted to be a great poet and
dramatist. (use adverb form)
(iii) He works diligently. (use noun form)
(iv) The performance didn’t give me any amusement.
(use verb form)
(v) No invitation was sent to the mayor. (use verb
form)
Answers:
(i) These ornaments costs very high.
(ii) Shakespeare is admittedly a great poet and
dramatist.
(iii) He works with diligence.
(iv) The performance didn’t amuse me.
(v) The mayor was not invited.
words as directed in brackets retaining the same
meaning:
(i) The project was progressing satisfactorily. (use
adjective form)
(ii) The statement issued by the chairman cleared all
the doubts. (use noun form)
(iii) His activities have disgraced the name of his
family. (use noun form)
(iv) The audience listened to the leader with patience.
(use adverb form)
(v) The end of this story is very humourous. (use
noun form)
Answers:
(i) The progress of the project was satisfactory.
(ii) The statement issued by the chairman made all
the doubts clear.
(iii) His activities have brought disgrace to the name
of his family.
(iv) The audience listened to the leader patiently.
(v) The end of the story is full of humour.

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