The document describes an algorithm to track the highest and lowest stock prices over a period of time. It initializes the current position, low price, and high price. It then iterates through the stock prices, updating the low and high prices based on the current position price. For example, it shows the low remained $119 while the high updated to $147, $170, etc. as it progressed through the prices. The goal is to find the lowest buy price and highest sell price to maximize profit.