The document discusses various patterns of paragraph development such as narration, description, and definition, and outlines strategies for effective writing. It emphasizes the importance of using specific details and language to enhance narratives and descriptions. Activities are suggested for practicing these writing techniques, including composing essays based on personal experiences and definitions.

1. PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
11- RIZAL
Reading & Writing Skills

2. Question: When asked to come up
with an essay, what will you do?

3. At some point, one will use strategies when
writing. One of which is the use of patterns
in developing your ideas.
Paragraphs can be developed using a
variety of patterns that reflect our thinking
about the material.

4. Patterns of paragraph development
Narration Cause & effect
Description
Definition
Exemplification
Comparison & Contrast
Process Analysis
Division & Classification
Problem- Solution
Persuasion

5. Patterns of paragraph development
Narration Cause & effect
Description
Definition
Exemplification
Comparison & Contrast
Process Analysis
Division & Classification
Problem- Solution
Persuasion

6. Narration
a story normally chronological contain story components
sequential presentation
of events is observed
contain action words:
verbs & adverbs
& transition words
1 2 3 4 5

7. Points to remember in using narration:
1
2
3
4
Choose the right words for their
meaning and use specific
expressions.
Descriptive details in a
narrative paragraph are
essential to a good story.
Details help readers to
connect to the world the
author envisions.
Your paragraph/s is/ are
characterized by words
that show action and
words that show sequence
Use action verbs & transitional
expressions. A story is built
around people doing
things.

8. Sample narrative paragraph:
I took up the river road as hard as I could
put. By and by I begin to hear guns good ways off.
When I came in sight of the log store and the
woodplie where the steamboats lands I worked
along under the trees and brush till I got to a good
place, and then I climb up into te forks of a
cottonwood that was out of reach, and watched.
There was a wood- rank four foot high a little ways
in front of the tree, and first I was going to hide
behind that; but mybe it was luckier I didn't.
Source: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain)

9. Narration Activity:
Narrate an unforgettable experience by
composing a one- paragraph essay. Do this
in a one- half sheet of paper.

10. Patterns of paragraph development
Narration Cause & effect
Description
Definition
Exemplification
Comparison & Contrast
Process Analysis
Division & Classification
Problem- Solution
Persuasion

11. Description
elucidate the nature
of people, places &
things
record a series of
detailed observations
go light on adjectives
& adverbs and look
for ways to describe
actions
physical descriptions use of sensory language
1 2 3 4 5

12. Description
TWO TYPES
subjective objective
-describing an impression of
what is observed
- often used in fiction
- ex: "It was a dark and lonely night."
-This helps us imagine the kind of
night it was.
- usualy employed in reportial
and scientific writing
-present an impartial and actual
picture of an object/ scene
- ex: detectives cover crime scenes
as not to influence judgment

13. Sample descriptive paragraph:
The dirt of the girls' cotton dresses continued
on their legs, feet, arms, and faces to make them
all of a piece. Their greasy uncolored hair hung
down, uncombed with a grim finality. I knelt to see
them better, to remember them for all time. The
tears that had slipped down my dress left
unsurprising dark spots, and made the front yard
blurry and even more unreal. The world had taken
a deep breath and was having doubts about
continuing to resolve.
Source: http://franklycurious.com

14. Description Activity:
Compose a one- paragraph essay using
description in developing your paragraph.

15. Patterns of paragraph development
Narration Cause & effect
Description
Definition
Exemplification
Comparison & Contrast
Process Analysis
Division & Classification
Problem- Solution
Persuasion

16. Definition
A definition identifies a term and sets it
apart from all other terms that may be
related to it.

17. Definition
1ST
2ND
3RD
4THdefinition is then used
provide clear details to
support the term's
definition "
particulars to differentiate
the term from other
members of that class
It begins by citing general
class to which the term
belongs

18. Definition Example
If you were to define "whale" you might
want to start by saying it is an aquatic
mammal. Then you could talk about its
size, shape, varieties, environment,
breeding habits and so on.

19. Instructions before reading:
1. Try to determine the general class to
which the subject belongs.
2. Then find specifics that distinguish it from
other members of that class.

20. Read this paragraph
The viola is a stringed instrument in the
violin family. It is only slightly larger than te
violin and is tuned at a loer pitch. Like its
smaller relative, the viola is held on te
shoulder under the chin and is played with a
bow. While the violin has many uses, the
viola is used mainly in orchestral and
chamber music.

21. Common methods of definition.
Methods
by
characteristics
or features
by example
by its effectby function
by its originsby what it
is not

22. Definition
writer's goal is to
help the reader
understand new
items/ concepts
terminology is
extensive and
discipline specific
com
e
to
new
understanding
ofterm
s
im
portantin
sciences
Definition
Paragraph

23. Description Activity:
Compose a one- paragraph essay using
description in developing your paragraph.

24. Definition Activity:
Think of a favorite thing, food or pet, etc.
Compose a one- paragraph essay about it
using definition in developing your
paragraph.

25. Thank you!